Research Article


DOI :10.26650/SJ.2024.44.2.0666   IUP :10.26650/SJ.2024.44.2.0666    Full Text (PDF)

Post-Disaster Homelessness: The 6th February 2023 Turkey Earthquake and Malatya Case

Hüseyin Taşlı

One of the structural causes of homelessness is natural disasters. As a result of such events, some individuals who had housing prior to the disaster become homeless, while places like parks and streets, where the chronically homeless often reside, are also damaged along with the city as a whole. Although a limited number of studies on “post-disaster homelessness” exist in the international literature, no research has been conducted on this phenomenon in Türkiye. The earthquakes of February 6, 2023, affected eleven cities, leaving many people homeless after their houses were destroyed or severely, moderately, or lightly damaged. Most of the homeless earthquake victims were initially placed in tent cities and later in container cities. These container cities provided temporary shelter for earthquake victims, effectively postponing the onset of homelessness. However, in Malatya—one of the cities affected by the earthquake—a group of homeless individuals emerged who were unable to settle in container city areas. This was due to issues such as problems stemming from private property ownership, houses rented without formal contracts, disruptions caused by public institutions, low incomes, and rising rents. As a result, these individuals sought refuge in a tent that provided collective shelter. During this process, many earthquake victims who had initially sheltered in this tent left as they found alternative housing. However, those who lacked such opportunities and continued to stay in the tent became examples of post-earthquake homelessness. As part of this qualitative research, interviews were conducted with two distinct groups: six temporarily homeless individuals who became homeless after the earthquake and four chronically homeless individuals who had already been homeless before the disaster. The data obtained from these two groups were compared and analyzed, revealing significant differences between the chronic and temporary homeless in terms of reasons for homelessness, gender, income, education, criminal record, addiction, level of personal care, work tendencies, services needed, social relationships, and discourse.

DOI :10.26650/SJ.2024.44.2.0666   IUP :10.26650/SJ.2024.44.2.0666    Full Text (PDF)

Afet Sonrası Evsizliği: 6 Şubat 2023 Depremi ve Malatya Örneği

Hüseyin Taşlı

Evsizliğin yapısal nedenlerinden biri de doğal afetlerdir. Afetler sonucunda, afet öncesinde konutu olan bazı bireyler evsiz kalırken; kronik evsizlerin yaşadığı park ve sokak gibi yerler de kentin geneliyle birlikte zarar görmektedir. Uluslararası literatürde “afet sonrası evsizliği” (post-disaster homelessness) fenomeni üzerine sınırlı sayıda çalışma varsa da, Türkiye’de henüz bu alanda araştırma yapılmamıştır. 6 Şubat 2023 Depremi on bir kenti etkilemiş, deprem sonrasında konutu yıkılan, ağır ve orta hasar alan çok sayıda kişi evsiz kalmıştır. Evsiz kalan depremzedelerin büyük kısmı önce çadır kentlere, daha sonra ise konteyner kent alanlarına yerleştirilmiş; konteyner kentler, depremzedelere geçici barınma imkanı sağlayarak evsizliği ötelemiştir. Ancak, depremden etkilenen şehirlerden biri olan Malatya’da özel mülkiyetten kaynaklı sorunlar, sözleşme yapılmadan kiralanan konutlar ve kamu kurumları kaynaklı aksamalar nedeniyle konteyner kent alanlarına yerleşemeyen, düşük gelirleri ve artan kiralar nedeniyle konut kiralayamayan, bu yüzden de toplu olarak barınılabilen büyük bir çadıra sığınan bir evsiz grubu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu süreçte söz konusu çadıra sığınan çok sayıda depremzede barınma imkanı buldukça çadırdan ayrılmış, bu imkandan mahrum olup çadırda barınmaya devam edenler deprem sonrası evsizliğin örneğini teşkil etmiştir. Bu nitel araştırma kapsamında çadırda gözlem yapılmış, ayrıca deprem sonrasında evsiz kalan altı geçici evsiz ve deprem öncesinde de evsiz olan dört kronik evsizle görüşülmüştür. Bu iki grup evsizden elde edilen veriler karşılaştırarak yorumlanmış, kronik ve geçici evsiz gruplarının evsiz kalma nedenleri, cinsiyet, gelir, eğitim, suç kaydı, bağımlılık, kişisel bakım seviyesi, çalışma eğilimi, ihtiyaç duyulan hizmetler, sosyal ilişkiler ve söylem gibi açılardan farklılaştıkları gözlemlenmiştir.


PDF View

References

  • Acar, B., Bozkafa, H., Vural, B., Önal, S., Genç, M. ve Yaman, Ö. M. (2022). Evsizliğin Nedenleri ve Deneyimleri Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma: Beyoğlu Örneği, Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 33(2), 339-358. google scholar
  • Akyıldız, Y. (2017), Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Evsizlik Sorunu ve Çeşitli Uygulamalar, LAÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (VIII-I), ss.:67-91. google scholar
  • Arnold, K. R. (2015). Citizenship and Social Work-Homelessness, Socialt Arbete En Grundbok, 3rd ed. in ed.s Marcus Knutagâgard, Anna Meeuwisse, Sune Sunesson, and Hans Sward, Lund University, Sweden (Stockholm: Natur & Kultur), ss. 1-22. https://www.academia.edu/24717708/ Citizenship_and_Social_Work_Homelessness?rcc=same_ author&rcpos=0&rcpg=1&rchid=29584084897, Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2024. google scholar
  • Avramov, D. (1996). The Invisible Hand of the Housing Market: A Study of Effects of Changes in the Housing Market on Homelessness in the European Union, FEANTSA, Brussels. https:// archive.org/details/invisiblehandofh0000avra/page/n5/mode/2up?view=theater, Erişim tarihi:17.08.2024. google scholar
  • Ergun, D. (2006). Yöntemi Bulmak, İmge Kitabevi, 2. Baskı, Ankara. google scholar
  • FEANTSA (2005). ETHOS Typology on Homelessness and Housing Exclusion, https://www.feantsa. org/en/toolkit/2005/04/01/ethos-typology-on-homelessness-and-housing-exclusion?bcParent=27, Erişim Tarihi:08.12.2024. google scholar
  • Gürel, M. (2023). Evsizlik Olgusu ve Evsizlere Yönelik Sosyal Hizmet Çalışmaları: Bursa Örneği, İstanbul Zaim Üniversitesi Sosyal Hizmet Anabilim Dalı, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul. google scholar
  • Işıkhan, V. (2015). Homeless People In Turkey and Social Work Interventıons, 15th International Academic Conference, Rome (15): 468-477. google scholar
  • Küçük, M. (2018). Evsizlik ve Evsizliği Açıklayan Teoriler, İdealkent: Kent Araştırmaları Dergisi, 24, 515-535. google scholar
  • Malatya Haber (2024). malatyahaber.com, 13.04.2024, https://malatyahaber.com/haber/malatyada-yikilmamis-agir-hasarli-bina-sayisi-6-binin-uzerinde, Erişim Tarihi: 06.12.2024. google scholar
  • Modit, J. (2022). The Human Right to Affordable Housing in a Post Disaster Scenario, Annual International Conference On Environmental Law, CEERA, NLSIU, Sunulmuş Bildiri, https:// www.researchgate.net/publication/383025718_The_Human_Right_to_Affordable_Housing_ in_a_Post-Disaster_Scenario, Erişim Tarihi: 21.10.2024. google scholar
  • National Coalition For The Homeless. (2009). Naturel Disasters And Homelessness, https:// nationalhomeless.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Natural-Disasters-and-Homelessness-Fact-Sheet-2009.pdf, Erişim Tarihi:21.10.2024, ss.1-3. google scholar
  • Neuman, W. L. (2020). Toplumsal Araştırma Yöntemleri Nicel ve Nitel Yaklaşımlar Cilt 1, Siyasal Kitabevi, Sekizinci Edisyon, Çev.: Özlem Akkaya, Ankara. google scholar
  • Nooe, R. M. ve Patterson, D. A. (2010). The Ecology of Homelessness, Journal ofHuman Behavior in the Social Environment, 20(2), s.s.105-152. google scholar
  • Özdemir, M. ve Tuti, G. (2023). Nitel Araştırma Desenleri: Metodolojik Bir Temellendirme, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Karatekin Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 217-235. https://doi. org/10.57115/karefad.1331759 google scholar
  • Özdemir, U. (2010). Evsizlik ve Evsizlere Genel Bir Bakış, Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet Dergisi, Cilt: 21, Sayı: 2, s. 77-88. google scholar
  • Türkdoğan, O. (2012). Çağdaş Bilimsel Araştırma Metodolojisi ve Sorunları, IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, İstanbul. google scholar
  • Wright, J. D. ve Rubin, B. A. (1991). Is homelessness a housing problem? Housing Policy Debate, 2(3), 205-223. google scholar
  • Yağan, M. (2009). Ankara’da Evsiz Ölümleri, Uzmanlık Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı, Ankara. google scholar

Citations

Copy and paste a formatted citation or use one of the options to export in your chosen format


EXPORT



APA

Taşlı, H. (2025). Post-Disaster Homelessness: The 6th February 2023 Turkey Earthquake and Malatya Case. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, 44(2), 609-630. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.2.0666


AMA

Taşlı H. Post-Disaster Homelessness: The 6th February 2023 Turkey Earthquake and Malatya Case. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology. 2025;44(2):609-630. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.2.0666


ABNT

Taşlı, H. Post-Disaster Homelessness: The 6th February 2023 Turkey Earthquake and Malatya Case. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, [Publisher Location], v. 44, n. 2, p. 609-630, 2025.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Taşlı, Hüseyin,. 2025. “Post-Disaster Homelessness: The 6th February 2023 Turkey Earthquake and Malatya Case.” İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 44, no. 2: 609-630. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.2.0666


Chicago: Humanities Style

Taşlı, Hüseyin,. Post-Disaster Homelessness: The 6th February 2023 Turkey Earthquake and Malatya Case.” İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 44, no. 2 (Feb. 2025): 609-630. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.2.0666


Harvard: Australian Style

Taşlı, H 2025, 'Post-Disaster Homelessness: The 6th February 2023 Turkey Earthquake and Malatya Case', İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 609-630, viewed 4 Feb. 2025, https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.2.0666


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Taşlı, H. (2025) ‘Post-Disaster Homelessness: The 6th February 2023 Turkey Earthquake and Malatya Case’, İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, 44(2), pp. 609-630. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.2.0666 (4 Feb. 2025).


MLA

Taşlı, Hüseyin,. Post-Disaster Homelessness: The 6th February 2023 Turkey Earthquake and Malatya Case.” İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, vol. 44, no. 2, 2025, pp. 609-630. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.2.0666


Vancouver

Taşlı H. Post-Disaster Homelessness: The 6th February 2023 Turkey Earthquake and Malatya Case. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology [Internet]. 4 Feb. 2025 [cited 4 Feb. 2025];44(2):609-630. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.2.0666 doi: 10.26650/SJ.2024.44.2.0666


ISNAD

Taşlı, Hüseyin. Post-Disaster Homelessness: The 6th February 2023 Turkey Earthquake and Malatya Case”. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 44/2 (Feb. 2025): 609-630. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.2.0666



TIMELINE


Submitted26.08.2024
Accepted12.12.2024
Published Online03.01.2025

LICENCE


Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)

This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.


SHARE




Istanbul University Press aims to contribute to the dissemination of ever growing scientific knowledge through publication of high quality scientific journals and books in accordance with the international publishing standards and ethics. Istanbul University Press follows an open access, non-commercial, scholarly publishing.