Changes in Attachment to Place: Urban Transformation and Older People in İstanbul
Betül Duman Bay, Murat ŞentürkAlthough research on urban transformation is abundant, its relationships and effects on place attachment in informal areas of developing country contexts are rare. Our study focuses on the effects of these urban transformations, in situ and through relocation, on the physical and social dimensions of place attachment of older people in informal neighbourhoods of İstanbul, which has one of the highest populations of older people in Turkey. Following in-depth interviews with 30 older people, two primary categories were identified based on their orientation to the new neighbourhood: displaced and stayers. Members of a subcultural group and individuals with religious-conservative views have felt displaced and seek to recreate a similar sense of community and belonging either by returning to the old neighbourhood (returnees) or by moving to a similar sociocultural environment (movers), regardless of their experience of urban transformation with relocation and in situ. Stayers are of two types: those who are stuck in place, feel displaced and experience nostalgia for what was lost and those who have experienced positive changes in housing conditions, including improved comfort and security. These positive outcomes are mainly associated with the characteristics of the urban and political context of developing countries, including conditions such as informal settlement, economically driven urban transformation and the presence of family housing that compensates for community loss.
PDF View
References
- Akkar, M. (2006). Kentsel dönüşüm üzerine Batı’daki kavramlar, tanımlar, süreçler ve Türkiye. Planlama, 36, 29-38. google scholar
- Aliakbarzadeh Arani, Z., Zanjari, N., Delbari, A., Foroughan, M., & Ghaedamini Harouni, G. (2022). Place attachment and aging: A scoping review, Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 32(1), 91-108. google scholar
- Aten, J. D., Smith, W. R., Davis, E. B., Van Tongeren, D. R., Hook, J. N., Davis, D. E., Shannonhouse, L., DeBlaere, C., Ranter, J., O’Grady, K., & Hill, P. C. (2019). The psychological study of religion and spirituality in a disaster context: A systematic review. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, andPolicy, 11(6), 597-613. google scholar
- Bailey, N., Kearns, A., & Livingston, M., (2012). Place attachment in deprived neighborhoods: The impacts of population turnover and social mix. Housing Studies, 27(2), 208-231. http://eprints. gla.ac.uk/56263/1/56263.doc.pdf google scholar
- Becker, G., (2003). Meanings of place and displacement in three groups of older immigrants. Journal ofAging Studies, 17(2), 129-149. google scholar
- Bonaiuto, M., Bonnes, M., & Continisio, M. (2004). Neighborhood evaluation within a multi-place perspective on urban activities. Environ. Behav, 36(1), 41-69. google scholar
- Brown, B. B., & Perkins, D. D. (1992). Disruptions in place attachment. In I. Altman & S. M. Low (Eds.), Place attachment (pp. 279-304). Plenum Press. google scholar
- Buffel, T., Phillipson, C., & Scharf, T. (2013). Experiences of neighborhood exclusion and inclusion among older people living in deprived inner-city areas in Belgium and England. Ageing & Society, 33(1), 89-109. google scholar
- Campbell, A. (1981). The sense ofwell-being in America: recent patterns and trends. McGraw-Hill. google scholar
- Cattell, V. and Evans, M. (1999). Neighbourhood Images in East London. Joseph Rowntree Foundation. google scholar
- Creswell, J. (2017). Eğitim araştırmaları: Nicel ve nitel araştırmanın planlanması, yürütülmesi ve değerlendirilmesi [Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating qualitative and quantitative research] (Trans. A. Avcu, D, Eryiğit, D. Dinçer, E. Bakiler, G. Alçekiç, H. Ekşi, H. Çelik, İ. Karsantik, M. Tuncel, M. Kaya Başman, N. Yaman, S. Kardaş, S. Doğan, S. Çakır, Ş. Tatık, & Y. Baykın). EDAM. google scholar
- Duman, B. (2015).Kentsel dönüşümde riskler ve beklentilere dair ilk tespitler: İstanbul’da bir saha çalışması, Megaron, 10(3), 410-422. google scholar
- Duman-Bay, B., Şentürk, M., Otrar, M. & Güler, Z. (2020). Expectations of Elderly People Regarding Urban Renew: The Case of Istanbul, Turkish Journal of Geriatrics 23(2), 241-250. google scholar
- Eijkelenboom, A. M., Verbeek, H., Felix, E., & Van Hoof, J. (2017). Architectural factors influencing the sense of home in nursing homes: An operationalization for practice. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 6(2). google scholar
- Ekström, M. (1994). Elderly people’s experiences of housing renewal and forced relocation: Social theories and contextual analysis in explanations of emotional experiences. Housing Studies, 9(3), 369-391. google scholar
- Emlak Kulisi. (2014). İstanbul’da riskli alan ilan edilen yerler! Emlak Kulisi, (14), 12-15. Retrieved from: https://emlakkulisi.com/istanbulda-riskli-alan-ilan-edilen-yerler/224114 google scholar
- Fornara, F., & Manca, S. (2017). Healthy residential environments for the elderly. In G. Fleury-Bahi, E. Pol, & O. Navarro (Eds.), Handbook of environmental psychology and QQL research (pp. 441-465). Springer. google scholar
- Fornara, F., Bonaiuto, M., & Bonnes, M. (2010). Cross-validation of abbreviated perceived residential environment quality (PREQ) and neighborhood attachment (NA) indicators. Environment & Behavior 42, 171-196. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916508330998 google scholar
- Fried, M. (1963). Grieving for a lost home. In L. J. Duhl (Eds.), The urban condition (pp. 151-171). Basic Books. google scholar
- Fried, M. (2000). Continuities and discontinuities of place. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 20(3), 193-205. google scholar
- Goetz, E. G. (2010). Desegregation in 3D: Displacement, dispersal and development in American public housing. Housing Studies, 25(2), 137-158. google scholar
- Goetz, E. G. (2013) Too good to be true? The variable and contingent benefits of displacement and relocation among low-income public housing residents, Housing Studies, 28, 235-252. google scholar
- Jones, P. & Evans, J. (2012). Rescue geography: Place making, affect and regeneration. Urban Studies, 49(11), 2315-2330. google scholar
- Kalaycı Önaç, A., Gönüllü Sütçüoğlu, G. (2021). Effect of urban change on place attachment: evidence from two locations from a city in Turkey with similar historical landscape values. Arab J Geosci 14, 1990 google scholar
- İnal-Çekiç, T., Kozaman-Aygün, S. & Bilen, Ö. (2024). Reflections on “place attachment”: perceptions of urban redevelopment in an informal neighborhood in Istanbul. J Hous and the Built Environ 29, 1-20 google scholar
- Kleinhans, R. J. and Kearns, A. (2013). Neighbourhood Restructuring and Residential Relocation: Towards a Balanced Perspective on Relocation Processes and Outcomes, Housing Studies 28(2), 163-176. google scholar
- Kleinhans, R., Veldboer, L., Jansen, S., & van Ham, M. (2014). Ageing in a long-term regeneration neighborhood: A disruptive experience or successful ageing in place? IZA Discussion Paper No. 8660. Retrieved from https://repec.iza.org/dp8660.pdf google scholar
- Kleinhans, R. (2019). The Routledge Handbook of Housing Policy and Planning: Uncovering the Janus Head of Forced Residential Relocation. In K. B. Anacker, M. T. Nguyen, & D. P. Varady (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Housing Policy and Planning (pp. 317-329). Routledge -Taylor & Francis Group. google scholar
- Kleit, R. G., & Manzo, L. C. (2006). To move or not to move: Relationships to place and relocation choices in HOPE VI. Housing Policy Debate, 17(2), 271-308. google scholar
- Korkmaz Yaylagul, N. (2016). The effect of transformation on the well-being of older people from the aspect of social relations: results from a field study carried out in two urban renewal districts. Euras J Anthropol 7(1), 1-10. google scholar
- Korpela, K. M. (2012). Place attachment. In S. Clayton (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of environmental and conservation psychology (pp. 148-163). Oxford University Press. google scholar
- Kuyucu, T., & Unsal, O. (2010). Urban transformation’ as state-led property transfer: An analysis of two cases of urban renewal in Istanbul. Urban Studies, 47(7), 1479-1499. google scholar
- Lager, D., Van Hoven, B., & Huigen, P.P. (2013). Dealing with change in old age: Negotiating working-class belonging in a neighborhood in the process of urban renewal in the Netherlands. Geoforum, 50, 54-61. google scholar
- Lewicka, M. (2011a). Place attachment: How far have we come in the last 40 years? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31(3), 207-230. google scholar
- Lewicka, M. (2011b). On the varieties of people’s relationships with places: Hummon’s typology revisited. Environment and Behaviour 43, 679-709. google scholar
- Lewis, C., Yarker, S., Hammond, M., Kavanagh, N., & Phillipson, C. (2022). “Ageing in Place” and Urban Regeneration: Analysing the Role of Social Infrastructure. Urban Planning, 7(4), 523-533. google scholar
- Ley, D., & Teo, Sin. Y. (2013). Gentrification in Hong Kong? Epistemology vs. Ontology. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 38(4), 1286-1303. google scholar
- Li, S.-M., & Song, Y.-L. (2009). Redevelopment, displacement, housing conditions, and residential satisfaction: A study of Shanghai. Environment and Planning A, 41(5), 1090-1108. google scholar
- Liu, Y., Fulong W., Ye, L., & Zhigang L. (2017) Changing neighbourhood cohesion under the impact of urban redevelopment: a case study of Guangzhou, China, Urban Geography, 38(2), 266-290. google scholar
- Livingston, M., Bailey, N., & Kearns, A. (2010). Neighborhood attachment in deprived areas: Evidence from the north of England. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 25, 409-427. google scholar
- Longa, R. D. (2011). Urban models. In R. D. Longa (Eds.), Urban models and public-private partnership (pp. 7-46). Springer-Verlag. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70508-6_2 Lopez-Morales, E. (2015). Gentrification in Global South. City, 19(4), 564-573. google scholar
- Lopez-Morales, E. (2020). State-led gentrification. In A. M. Orum (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of urban and regional studies (pp. 1-6). John Wiley and Sons. google scholar
- Lovering, J., & Türkmen, H. (2011). Bulldozer neo-liberalism in Istanbul: The state-led construction of property markets, and the displacement of the urban poor. International Planning Studies, 16(1), 73-96. google scholar
- Manzo L. C., Kleit, R. G., & Couch, D. (2008). Moving three times is like having your house on fire once: The experience of place and impending displacement among public housing residents. Urban Studies, 45(9), 1855-1878. google scholar
- Manzo, L. C., Devine-Wright, P. (2014). Place Attachment. Routledge. google scholar
- Özmete, E., & Dinç, B. (2020). Yaşlıların göç ve yerinde yaşlanma bağlamında kentsel dönüşüm ile ilgili değerlendirmeleri. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 46, 197-234. google scholar
- Pan, Y., & Connibah, P. B. (2023). Embedding place attachment: Residents’ lived experiences of urban regeneration in Zhuanghe, China, Habitat International 135(3), 102796. google scholar
- Pani-Harreman, K. E., Bours, G. J. J. W., Zander, I., Kempen, G. I. J. M., & van Duren, J. M. A. (2021). Definitions, key themes and aspects of ageing in place: A scoping review. Ageing & Society, 41, 2026-2059. google scholar
- Phillips, D. R., Siu, O-L., Yeh, G. A., & Cheng, K.H.C. (2005). Ageing and the urban environment. In D. Andrews (Eds.), Ageing and place: Perspectives, policy, practice (pp. 147-163). Routledge. google scholar
- Phillipson, C., Bernard, M., Phillips, J., & Ogg, J. (2000). The family and community life of older people. Routledge. google scholar
- Putnam, R. D. (2007) E pluribus unum: Diversity and community in the twenty-first century. Scandinavian Political Studies, 30, 137-174. google scholar
- Rapoport, A. (2001). Theory, Culture and Housing. Housing, Theory and Society, 17(4), 145-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/140360900300108573 google scholar
- Rowles, G. D. (1993). Evolving images of place in aging and ‘aging in place’. Generations, 17(2), 65-70. google scholar
- Rowles G.D., Bernard, M. (2013). The meaning and significance of place in old age. In Rowles GD, Bernard M (Eds.), Environmental gerontology - Making meaningful places in old age. (pp 3-24). Springer Publishing Company, google scholar
- Ruel, E., Oakley, D. A., Ward, C., Alston, R. S., & Reid, L. W. (2013). Public housing relocations in Atlanta: Documenting residents’ attitudes, concerns and experiences. Cities, 35, 349-358. google scholar
- Samper, J., Jennifer A. S., Dean, B. (2020). “The Paradox of Informal Settlements Revealed in an ATLAS of Informality: Findings from Mapping Growth in the Most Common Yet Unmapped Forms of Urbanization”. Sustainability 12(22), 9510. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229510 google scholar
- Scannell, L., & Gifford, R. (2014). Comparing the Theories of Interpersonal and Place Attachment. In M. D. Wright (Eds.), Place Attachment: Advances in Theory Methods and Applications (pp. 24- 36). Routledge. google scholar
- Scharf, T., Phillipson, C., Kingston, P., & Smith, A. E. (2001). Social exclusion and older people: Exploring the connections. Education and Ageing, 16, 303-320. google scholar
- Scharf, T., Phillipson, C., & Smith, A. E. (2005). Multiple exclusion and quality of life amongst excluded older people in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, Social Exclusion Unit. google scholar
- Scharf, T., & De Gierveld, J. de J. (2008). Loneliness in urban neighborhoods: An Anglo-Dutch comparison. European Journal of Ageing, 5(2), 103-115. google scholar
- Sixsmith, A., & Sixsmith, J. (2008). Ageing in place in the United Kingdom. Ageing International, 32, 219-135. google scholar
- Smith, A. E. (2009). Ageing in urban neighborhoods: Place attachment and social exclusion. Policy Press. google scholar
- Stockdale, A. & Haartsen, T. (2018). Editorial Introduction: Putting rural stayers in the spotlight. Population Space and Place 24(4), 1-8. google scholar
- Tuan, Y. -F. (1977). Space and Place. The perspective of experience. University of Minnesota Press. google scholar
- Turkish Statistical Institute. (2017, February 1). Adrese dayalı nüfus kayıt sistemi sonuçları. In TUİK google scholar
- Haber Bülteni (27587th ed.). Retrieved from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2017-27587#:~:text=%C3%9Clkemizde%20 15%2D64%20ya%C5%9F%20grubunda,%258%2C5%20olarak%20ger%C3%A7ekle%C5%9Fti. google scholar
- Turkish Statistical Institute. (2022, March 18). İstatistiklerle yaşlılar 2021. In TUİKHaber Bülteni (45636th ed.). Retrieved from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Yaslilar-2021-45636 google scholar
- Türkün, A. (2014). Türkiye’de ve Dünya’da kentsel dönüşüm uygulamaları. Yerel Yönetimler Kentleşme ve Demokrasi Sempozyumu, TMMOB Mimarlar Odası. google scholar
- Ünsal, B. Ö. (2016). State-led urban regeneration in Istanbul: Power struggles between interest groups and poor communities. Housing Studies, 30(8), 1299-1316. google scholar
- van der Graaf, P. (2009). Out ofplace? Emotional ties to the neighborhood in urban renewal in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Amsterdam University Press. google scholar
- Watt, P. (2022). Displacement and estate demolition: multi-scalar place attachment among relocated social housing residents in London, Housing Studies, 37(9), 1686-1710. google scholar
- Webber, R., May, V., & Lewis, C. (2022). Ageing in place over time: The marking and unmaking of home. Sociological Research Online. Advance online publication. google scholar
- Wiles, J. L., Leibing, A., Guberman, N., Reeve, J., & Allen, R. E. S. (2012). The meaning of ageing in place to older people. Gerontologist, 52(3), 357-366. google scholar
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Global database of age-friendly practices. https://extranet. who.int/agefriendlyworld/afp/ google scholar
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2007). Global age friendly cities: A guide. https://apps.who. int/iris/handle/10665/43755 google scholar
- Wu, F. (2004a). Intraurban residential relocation in Shanghai: Modes and stratification. Environment and Planning A, 36(1), 7-25. google scholar
- Wu, F. (2004b). Residential relocation under market-oriented redevelopment: The process and outcomes in urban China. Geoforum, 35, 453-470. google scholar
- Yu, J., & Rosenberg, M. W. (2020). Aging and the changing urban environment: The relationship between older people and the living environment in post-reform Beijing. Urban Geography, 41(1), 162-181. google scholar
Citations
Copy and paste a formatted citation or use one of the options to export in your chosen format
EXPORT
APA
Duman Bay, B., & Şentürk, M. (2024). Changes in Attachment to Place: Urban Transformation and Older People in İstanbul. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, 44(1), 197-220. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.1.0103
AMA
Duman Bay B, Şentürk M. Changes in Attachment to Place: Urban Transformation and Older People in İstanbul. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology. 2024;44(1):197-220. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.1.0103
ABNT
Duman Bay, B.; Şentürk, M. Changes in Attachment to Place: Urban Transformation and Older People in İstanbul. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, [Publisher Location], v. 44, n. 1, p. 197-220, 2024.
Chicago: Author-Date Style
Duman Bay, Betül, and Murat Şentürk. 2024. “Changes in Attachment to Place: Urban Transformation and Older People in İstanbul.” İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 44, no. 1: 197-220. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.1.0103
Chicago: Humanities Style
Duman Bay, Betül, and Murat Şentürk. “Changes in Attachment to Place: Urban Transformation and Older People in İstanbul.” İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 44, no. 1 (Nov. 2024): 197-220. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.1.0103
Harvard: Australian Style
Duman Bay, B & Şentürk, M 2024, 'Changes in Attachment to Place: Urban Transformation and Older People in İstanbul', İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 197-220, viewed 22 Nov. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.1.0103
Harvard: Author-Date Style
Duman Bay, B. and Şentürk, M. (2024) ‘Changes in Attachment to Place: Urban Transformation and Older People in İstanbul’, İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, 44(1), pp. 197-220. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.1.0103 (22 Nov. 2024).
MLA
Duman Bay, Betül, and Murat Şentürk. “Changes in Attachment to Place: Urban Transformation and Older People in İstanbul.” İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, vol. 44, no. 1, 2024, pp. 197-220. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.1.0103
Vancouver
Duman Bay B, Şentürk M. Changes in Attachment to Place: Urban Transformation and Older People in İstanbul. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology [Internet]. 22 Nov. 2024 [cited 22 Nov. 2024];44(1):197-220. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.1.0103 doi: 10.26650/SJ.2024.44.1.0103
ISNAD
Duman Bay, Betül - Şentürk, Murat. “Changes in Attachment to Place: Urban Transformation and Older People in İstanbul”. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 44/1 (Nov. 2024): 197-220. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.1.0103