Comparison of The Content of Turkish Proficiency Exam (TPE) and Some Language Qualification Exams with International Language Proficiency Exams
The aim of this research is to compare the Turkish Proficiency Exam (TPE) with the language proficiency exams applied internationally in terms of content (what skills the exams are prepared for, what types of questions are included in the exams) and to determine the qualitative view of TPE. The data source of the research is the Turkish Proficiency Exam (TPE) administered by Yunus Emre Institute and the language proficiency exams held in the international arena. These exams are in the equivalence table of ÖSYM (Republic of Turkey Measurement Selection and Placement Center). These exams are CPE, CAE, TOEFL iBT, PTE Academic for English; TestDaF, DSD II, telc Deutsch and GoetheZertifikat for German; DELF & DALF for French, DELE for Spanish, CELI for Italian, TORFL for Russian. Data sources were analyzed by content analysis technique. According to the data obtained, It has been determined that all of the TPE and other language proficiency exams are prepared according to four skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing), however, some language proficiency exams also have sections that measure grammar and integrated skills. In terms of question type, TPE and other language proficiency exams are similar in terms of question types, but there are also question types that are found in other language proficiency exams but not in TPE.
Türkçe Yeterlik Sınavı’nın (TYS) Uluslararası Geçerliğe Sahip Bazı Dil Yeterlik Sınavlarıyla İçerik Açısından Karşılaştırılması
Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkçe Yeterlik Sınavı’nı (TYS) uluslararası alanda uygulanan dil yeterlik sınavlarıyla içerik (sınavların hangi becerilere göre hazırlandığı, sınavlarda hangi soru çeşitlerine yer verildiği) yönünden karşılaştırıp TYS’nin niteliksel görünümünü tespit etmektir. Araştırmanın veri kaynağı Yunus Emre Enstitüsü tarafından yapılan Türkçe Yeterlik Sınavı (TYS) ve uluslararası alanda yapılan dil yeterlik sınavlarıdır. ÖSYM’nin eşdeğerlik tablosunda yer alan bu sınavlar İngilizce için CPE, CAE, TOEFL iBT, PTE Akademik; Almanca için TestDaF, DSD II, telc Deutsch ve Goethe-Zertifikat; Fransızca için DELF & DALF, İspanyolca için DELE, İtalyanca için CELI, Rusça için TORFL’dır. Veri kaynakları içerik analizi tekniğiyle incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre, TYS ve diğer dil yeterlik sınavlarının tamamının dört beceriye (dinleme, konuşma, okuma, yazma) göre hazırlandığı, bununla beraber bazı dil yeterlik sınavlarında dil bilgisi bölümünün ve bütünleşik becerilerin ölçüldüğü bölümlerin de bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Soru çeşidi açısından TYS’deki soru çeşitlerinin diğer dil yeterlik sınavlarındaki sorularla benzerlik taşıdığı ancak diğer dil yeterlik sınavlarında sorulup TYS’de bulunmayan soru çeşitlerinin de olduğu belirlenmiştir.
The aim of this research is to compare the Turkish Proficiency Exam (TPE) with the language proficiency exams administered internationally in terms of content and to determine the qualitative appearance of TPE. The data sources of the research consist of The Turkish Proficiency Exam (TPE) conducted by Yunus Emre Institute and internationally held language proficiency exams. These exams which are included in the equivalency table of ÖSYM are CPE, CAE, TOEFL iBT, PTE Academic for English; TestDaF, DSD II, telc Deutsch and Goethe-Zertifikat for German; DELF & DALF for French, DELE for Spanish, CELI for Italian, and TORFL for Russian. Data sources were analyzed by the content analysis technique.
In the context of the data obtained, TPE and other language proficiency exams were prepared according to four skills. However, some language proficiency exams also have a grammar section, and sections where integrated skills are measured. The types of questions in the reading, listening, writing and speaking exams of TPE are the same as those in other exams. In the reading section, graphic reading question type presented originality. There are types of questions asked in other language proficiency exams that are not present in the TPE. These types of questions in the reading exam are sentence completion, paragraph creation, paragraph completion, matching, summarizing the text, completing the text, short-answer questions, and integrated skills questions. In the listening exam, the questions are follow-up text questions, short-answer questions, and integrated skills questions. In the writing exam, they are correcting errors in the text, summarizing, integrated skills questions, graphic interpretation, and text reconstruction questions. In the listening exam, the questions are follow-up text questions, short-answer questions, and integrated skills questions. In the writing exam, they are correcting errors in the text, summarizing, integrated skills questions, graphic interpretation, and text reconstruction questions. In the speaking test, these questions are talking about a picture or a photograph, repeating a sentence, evaluating data, making a phone call, interpreting a video, speaking a sentence with an emotional tone (meta language), persuading, giving a radio talk, integrated skills questions, and talk to partner. There are no sample solutions in the reading exam of the TPE. In the TPE, listening texts are played once, and in the listening exams of other language proficiency exams, the texts in certain tasks are played for a second time. Written phonetic transcription of listening texts are included in the sample exams of TestDaF, DSD II, telc Deutsch B2, telc Deutsch C1, telc Deutsch C2, Goethe-Zertifikat B2, GoetheZertifikat C1, Goethe-Zertifikat C2 GDS, DELF B2, DALF C1, DALF C2, DELE Nivel B2, DELE Nivel C1, DELE Nivel C2, TORFL Level 2, TORFL Level 3, TORFL Level 4, but the phonetic transcription of texts in the sample exams of TPE, CPE, CAE, PTE Academic, TOEFL iBT, CELI 3, CELI 4, CELI 5 are not found. There are 2 tasks in the writing exam of the TPE. In the TPE speaking exam, the candidate is given a 2/3-minute preparation period. The number of candidates taking the speaking exam varies according to the exams. There is no grammar section in the TPE. The grammar section is formed either as an independent section in some of the language proficiency exams or as a separate section within the reading and listening exams.
Considering these findings, the following suggestions are included in the study: The variety of questions in the TPE can be increased. Sentence completion, paragraph creation, paragraph completion, matching, summarizing the text, completing the text, short-answer questions, integrated skills questions in reading exams; follow-up text questions, short answer questions, integrated skills questions in listening exams; correcting errors in the text, summarizing, integrated skills questions, graphic interpretation, text reconstruction questions in writing exams; picture, photo, video interpretation, sentence repetition, data evaluation, telephone conversation, radio speeches, talk to partner, meta language skills questions in speaking exams can be included in the TPE in similar or different ways. As in other language proficiency exams, presenting the students with a sample solution can be practiced in the TPE. The texts in the listening test can be played for a second time. The written form of the listening texts, the phonetic transcription can be shared together with sample questions. The preparation time for the speaking test can be increased. Depending on the content of the questions, the preparation time can be equal to the exam time. It can be 15 minutes of preparation time, and 15 minutes of exam time. Sample answer texts given to these questions can be shared as well as the questions related to the writing exam.