Journal of Geography

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DOI :10.26650/JGEOG2023-1233104   IUP :10.26650/JGEOG2023-1233104    Full Text (PDF)

A BWM-GIS Based Approach for Wind Power Plant (WPP) Site Selection: Sample of Tunceli

Zekeriya Konurhan, Erkin Başaran

In today’s world, searching for an alternative energy source instead of fossil fuels has become highly popular. Renewable energy sources such as solar panels and wind power plants are the alternatives to fossil fuels. Wind power plants (WPPs) are actively used in several regions of the world, both at sea and on land. In Turkey, WPPs have been used, especially since the early 2000s, with the Aegean and Marmara regions being their prime locations. However, there is no WPP in Tunceli. Thus, the main objective of this study is to recommend suitable WPP areas for Tunceli. In this context, the best-worst method (BWM) was integrated into the geographical information system (GIS) and used in the study. The BWM method is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method based on pairwise comparison. In the study, 16 criteria were determined under four main criteria “topography”, “socio-economic”, “technical,” and “location” by using the BWM model. Experts from different disciplines evaluated each criterion as a questionnaire and used it for appropriate site selection. For the 16 criteria, separate maps were created, explanations of the criteria were established, and these maps were cumulatively used in the resulting map. The criteria weights determined using the BWM model were integrated into the GIS, and suitable WPP installation areas for Tunceli were determined. Accordingly, some areas around Pertek and Mazgirt in the southeast of Tunceli, north of Pülümür, and around Çemişgezek, which provide suitable conditions in terms of physical geography, are suitable for WPP installation.

Keywords: WPP, Best-Worst Method, Appropriate Site Selection with GIS, Tunceli
DOI :10.26650/JGEOG2023-1233104   IUP :10.26650/JGEOG2023-1233104    Full Text (PDF)

Rüzgâr Enerji Santrali (RES) Yer Seçimi için BWM-CBS Tabanlı Bir Yaklaşım: Tunceli Örneği

Zekeriya Konurhan, Erkin Başaran

Günümüz dünyasında fosil yakıtların yerine alternatif bir enerji kaynak arayışı oldukça popüler bir yaklaşımdır. Güneş panelleri ve rüzgâr enerjisi santralleri gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları fosil yakıtların alternatifleri arasındadır. Rüzgâr enerjisi santralleri hem denizde hem de karada olmak üzere dünyanın birçok bölgesinde aktif olarak kullanılmaktadır. Türkiye’de de RES’ler özellikle 2000’lerin başından itibaren kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Türkiye’deki RES’ler daha çok Ege ve Marmara Bölgesinde yer almaktadır. Çalışma alanı olan Tunceli’de ise herhangi bir RES bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Tunceli için uygun RES alanlarını önermektir. Bu kapsamda Best-Worst yöntemi (BWM) CBS’ye entegre edilerek kullanılmıştır. BWM yöntemi ikili karşılaştırmaya dayanan Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemidir. Çalışmada BWM modeli kullanılarak “topografya”, “sosyo-ekonomik”, “teknik” ve “lokasyon” olmak üzere dört ana kriter altında 16 kriter belirlenmiştir. Her bir kriter farklı disiplinlerden uzmanlar tarafından anket olarak değerlendirilmiş ve uygun yer seçimi için kullanılmıştır. 16 kriter için ayrı ayrı haritalar oluşturulmuş, kriterlerin açıklamaları yapılmış ve bu haritalar sonuç haritasında kullanılmıştır. BWM modeli kullanılarak tespit edilen kriter ağırlıkları CBS’ye entegre edilerek Tunceli için uygun RES kurulum alanları belirlenmiştir. Buna göre, Tunceli’nin güneydoğusunda yer alan Pertek ve Mazgirt çevresi ile Pülümür’ün kuzeyi ve Çemişgezek’in çevresinde fiziki coğrafya açısından uygun şartları sağlayan bazı alanlar RES kurulumuna elverişlidir.

Keywords: RES, Best-Worst Metot, CBS ile Uygun Yer Seçimi, Tunceli

EXTENDED ABSTRACT


The increasing energy demand in the world pushes countries to meet this demand each year from renewable resources in addition to fossil fuels. Based on sustainability and environmental impact factors, renewable energy sources have become extremely important. Wind energy is a renewable energy source, whose capacity is increasing both at home and abroad.

In this study, the most suitable WPP installation site for Tunceli was determined by using Best-Worst Metot (BWM)-GIS in an integrated manner. In this context, a total of 16 criteria were determined based on the liter ature and the characteristics of the study area, which were then evaluated by experts and used in the study. Since wind power plant location selection is an interdisciplinary problem, experts from different fields were consulted in the criteria evaluation. The expert team consisted of experts in the fields including geography, industrial engineers, surveyors, geology, energy systems engineering, disaster management, and renewable energy resources. These experts filled out the questionnaires (Table 3), and the criteria weights were calculated using the LINGO 19.0 software according to the formula suggested by the best-worst method (BWM). BWM is an MCDM method based on pairwise comparison. BWM outputs were transferred to the GIS, an overlapping analysis was applied using the “Weight Sum” tool from ArcGIS tools, and suitable areas for RES installation were determined. 

For Tunceli, the most suitable WPP areas proposed within the scope of the study constitute a limited area. These areas are partly the northern periphery of Pülümür and the environs of Pertek and Mazgirt. According to the study outputs, the “less suitable” and “not suitable” fields correspond to a fairly wide area owing to the wind speed in the Tunceli province and the difficult physical geographical conditions of the region. Especially in Munzur and Mercan Mountains located in the northern part of the study area, the altitude reaches 3,000 m and has considerably high slope values. Likewise, in most parts of the study area, the elevation and slope values are quite high. In addition, except for certain regions of the study area (partially north of Pülümür and around Pertek and Mazgirt), the wind speed is substantially low. Therefore, based on the effect of these conditions, suitable areas in the WPP installation coincided with a limited area.

Within the scope of the study, field studies were conducted in the areas most suitable for the WPP installation. Fieldwork is critical for the comparison of the analysis results with the real area. In this direction, necessary comparisons were drawn and locations possibly suitable for the WPP installation were shown. Despite the integrated use of BWM-GIS in this study, certain limitations exist. Within the scope of the study, a total of 16 criteria were used among only four main criteria. The output of the study agrees with these criteria. In addition, technical details such as wind turbine type and shape have not been considered and were evaluated in general, which was another limitation of the study. More precise results can be achieved if the number of criteria and turbine type are considered in detail in future studies.

Based on the results of this study, places with high elevation, very high slope, very dense forests, and those far from main roads and power lines correspond to “less suitable” and “unsuitable” areas. These areas are mostly located around the Munzur and Mercan mountain ranges, around the Munzur and Pülümür valleys, and high areas in the north of Hozat and Çemişgezek. These areas have limited settlement with difficult physical and climatic conditions. Therefore, such areas are not only suitable for WPP installation but also for various human activities.


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APA

Konurhan, Z., & Başaran, E. (2023). A BWM-GIS Based Approach for Wind Power Plant (WPP) Site Selection: Sample of Tunceli. Journal of Geography, 0(47), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2023-1233104


AMA

Konurhan Z, Başaran E. A BWM-GIS Based Approach for Wind Power Plant (WPP) Site Selection: Sample of Tunceli. Journal of Geography. 2023;0(47):15-28. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2023-1233104


ABNT

Konurhan, Z.; Başaran, E. A BWM-GIS Based Approach for Wind Power Plant (WPP) Site Selection: Sample of Tunceli. Journal of Geography, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 47, p. 15-28, 2023.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Konurhan, Zekeriya, and Erkin Başaran. 2023. “A BWM-GIS Based Approach for Wind Power Plant (WPP) Site Selection: Sample of Tunceli.” Journal of Geography 0, no. 47: 15-28. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2023-1233104


Chicago: Humanities Style

Konurhan, Zekeriya, and Erkin Başaran. “A BWM-GIS Based Approach for Wind Power Plant (WPP) Site Selection: Sample of Tunceli.” Journal of Geography 0, no. 47 (May. 2024): 15-28. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2023-1233104


Harvard: Australian Style

Konurhan, Z & Başaran, E 2023, 'A BWM-GIS Based Approach for Wind Power Plant (WPP) Site Selection: Sample of Tunceli', Journal of Geography, vol. 0, no. 47, pp. 15-28, viewed 6 May. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2023-1233104


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Konurhan, Z. and Başaran, E. (2023) ‘A BWM-GIS Based Approach for Wind Power Plant (WPP) Site Selection: Sample of Tunceli’, Journal of Geography, 0(47), pp. 15-28. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2023-1233104 (6 May. 2024).


MLA

Konurhan, Zekeriya, and Erkin Başaran. “A BWM-GIS Based Approach for Wind Power Plant (WPP) Site Selection: Sample of Tunceli.” Journal of Geography, vol. 0, no. 47, 2023, pp. 15-28. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2023-1233104


Vancouver

Konurhan Z, Başaran E. A BWM-GIS Based Approach for Wind Power Plant (WPP) Site Selection: Sample of Tunceli. Journal of Geography [Internet]. 6 May. 2024 [cited 6 May. 2024];0(47):15-28. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2023-1233104 doi: 10.26650/JGEOG2023-1233104


ISNAD

Konurhan, Zekeriya - Başaran, Erkin. “A BWM-GIS Based Approach for Wind Power Plant (WPP) Site Selection: Sample of Tunceli”. Journal of Geography 0/47 (May. 2024): 15-28. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2023-1233104



TIMELINE


Submitted12.01.2023
Accepted05.07.2023
Published Online05.01.2024

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