Journal of Geography

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DOI :10.26650/JGEOG2020-0047   IUP :10.26650/JGEOG2020-0047    Full Text (PDF)

Determination of Soil Loss Based on the TanDEM-X12m. Digital Elevation Model

Aydoğan Avcıoğlu, Cihan Bayrakdar, Erol Sarı, Tuğçe Nagihan Arslan Kaya

Soil is one of the most important natural resources in the world. Determination of soil degradation has been widely attempted all over the world in the last 50 years. This study provides a perspective of comparing the digital elevation model (DEM) in terms of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model, which calculates soil loss in Mountain Karadağ - Akçay Basin. RUSLE comprises the topographic (LS), climatic (R), vegetation (C), soil (K), and support practice (P) parameters. To evaluate soil loss in the Akçay Basin, TanDEM-X12m. DEM was used and compared with ALOS12.5m and SRTM30m. DEM. Distribution of soil loss has a positive correlation with slope degree (R2 = 0.62) and rainfall and runoff factor (R). As the elevation increases in the short range (15 km) from south to north in Akçay Basin, the rainfall and runoff increase together with elevation. The tributaries of the trunk river (Akçay) were characterized by a narrow and incised V-shaped valley, and this gave rise to increase in the LS factor in the short range. This phenomenon shows that the LS factor is one of the most important factors with regard to triggering factors. According to the TanDEM-X12m-based DEM, the mean annual soil loss is 28 ton ha−1 ya−1 from the basin.

Keywords: Soil Loss, Rusle, TanDEM-X12m DEM
DOI :10.26650/JGEOG2020-0047   IUP :10.26650/JGEOG2020-0047    Full Text (PDF)

TanDEM-X12m Sayısal Yükselti Verisine Dayalı Toprak Erozyonu Tespiti (Rusle)

Aydoğan Avcıoğlu, Cihan Bayrakdar, Erol Sarı, Tuğçe Nagihan Arslan Kaya

Toprak dünya üzerinde en önemli doğal kaynaklardan biridir. Son elli yıl içerisinde toprağın degradasyonunu belirleme adına dünya çapında yoğun bir çaba sarf edilmektedir. Bu çalışma da Karadağ’ın (Fethiye) güneyinde Akçay Havzası’nda RUSLE yöntemi ile toprak kaybını hesaplayan ve Sayısal Yükselti Modeli (SYM) verilerini yöntem kapsamında karşılaştıran bir bakış açısı ortaya koymaktadır. RUSLE yöntemi, topoğrafik (LS), iklimsel (R), bitki örtüsü (C), toprak erodobilite (K), toprak koruma yöntemleri (P) gibi parametreleri esas alarak çalışma Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) yardımıyla alanda meydana gelen toprak kaybını tespit edebilmektedir. Akçay Havzası’nda toprak kaybını elde edebilmek adına, TanDEM-X12m SYM verisi kullanılmıştır, ALOS12.5m ve SRTM30m SYM verileri ile de karşılaştırılmıştır. Toprak kaybının alansal dağılımı, eğim dereceleri (r=0.62) ve R faktör ile pozitif bir ilişkiye sahiptir. Akçay Havzası’nda güneyden kuzeye kısa mesafede (15 km) yükselti arttıkça, yağış ve akış bununla beraber artmaktadır. Akçay Havzası dar ve derince yarılmış V şekilli vadilerle karakterize olmaktadır ve bu durum sonucunda, LS faktörün kısa mesafede artması, erozyonu hazırlayıcı en önemli faktör olduğunu göstermektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmayla beraber, TanDEM-X12m SYM verisinden üretilen sonuçlara göre çalışma alanında ortalama 28 ton ha-1 yıl-1 toprak kaybı meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir. 

Keywords: Toprak Kaybı, Rusle, TanDEM-X12m SYM

EXTENDED ABSTRACT


Soil as a critical element is an inalienable natural source for humankind. Especially after the industrial revolution, anthropogenic effects on soil were intensely observed. Moreover, the soil erosion rate increased progressively in the last century. For sustainable agricultural activities, evaluation of the soil loss rate is crucial. A couple of models based on Geographical Information System (GIS) (USLE, RUSLE, WEPP, EUROSEM) can calculate soil loss in t ha−1 year−1. Although these models have vulnerabilities, they still can provide general information about the distribution and amount of soil loss. These models integrate topography (DEM), soil, climate, land use, and land cover variables. 

The topography of Turkey has been shaped under control Mediterranean and Continental climate and it has suffered from soil erosion. Southern Turkey, where the Taurus mountain belt lies, is characterized by high relief, which accelerates gravitational-related external processes. This region is also open for the warm-humid front from the Mediterranean sea, and these fronts have become conducive to orographic rainfall when reaching to the Taurus. This process also causes a high amount of sediment transportation along with surface runoff. So, these two variables (relief and climate) for erosion are epicenters of this study. As relief (slope) affects directly on erosion, DEM accuracy and resolution also play a crucial role in the asses of the topographic variables for soil loss models. As the DEM resolution increased, the performance of the DEM capability increased. From this point of view, in this study, we assessed the soil loss of the Akçay Basin located at Western Taurus Karadağ Mountain of the south-face, using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Together with soil loss in the study area, DEM comparison was made between TanDEM-X12m., ALOS12.5m., and SRTM30m. DEMs in respect of the RUSLE method.

The study area differs from other areas (mostly located in the agricultural or gently slope regions) applied the RUSLE method while it’s located in the mountainous terrain. Akçay Basin has relief more than 1800m. in the short range (15 km.) and narrow-steep valleys and canyons. From the climate viewpoint study, the area is characterized by the Mediterranean climate (average annual temp. 18.38°C and annual 862.3 mm. precipitation), and orographic rainfall is also determined in the area. The lithology of the basin mainly composes of chert-limestone and dolomite.

The RUSLE model comprises five parameters that control soil loss. These are Rainfall and Runoff Erosivity Factor (R), Soil Erodobility Factor (12 samples taken), (C) Landuse and Landcover Factor (CORINE 2012 used), (LS) Slope Lenght and Steepness Factor, and (P) Support Practices. All of these parameters were calculated in the ArcGIS 10.4.1, SAGA GIS 7.2.0, and converted to factor maps; finally, the potential soil loss map was achieved. The LS factor was produced using TanDEM-X12m. DEM and then DEMs were compared utilizing the slope values of each DEM’s slope values and validated with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based DEM 1m.- resolution.

According to the research conducted on soil loss by using RUSLE, factor maps and the final distribution of potential erosion loss map were created. In the study area, the R factor ranged from 403 to 601 t ha−1 year−1, and the K factor values were between 0.010 and 0.079 t ha−1 year−1. Within the C factor, 14 types of CORINE classes were determined (43%, mostly 323 Sclerophyllous vegetation and transitional woodland shrub). The LS factor values range from 0 to 174, and support practices are not observed in the area. Distribution of the potential soil loss focuses on high LS and R values, and the amount of soil loss is 0–167 t ha−1 year−1.

In conclusion, it is determined that soil loss occurs in relief and climate control in the study area and according to the comparison result of DEM’s TanDEM-X12m., represents the topography more accurately than the others.


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APA

Avcıoğlu, A., Bayrakdar, C., Sarı, E., & Arslan Kaya, T. (2020). Determination of Soil Loss Based on the TanDEM-X12m. Digital Elevation Model. Journal of Geography, 0(41), 93-107. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2020-0047


AMA

Avcıoğlu A, Bayrakdar C, Sarı E, Arslan Kaya T. Determination of Soil Loss Based on the TanDEM-X12m. Digital Elevation Model. Journal of Geography. 2020;0(41):93-107. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2020-0047


ABNT

Avcıoğlu, A.; Bayrakdar, C.; Sarı, E.; Arslan Kaya, T. Determination of Soil Loss Based on the TanDEM-X12m. Digital Elevation Model. Journal of Geography, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 41, p. 93-107, 2020.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Avcıoğlu, Aydoğan, and Cihan Bayrakdar and Erol Sarı and Tuğçe Nagihan Arslan Kaya. 2020. “Determination of Soil Loss Based on the TanDEM-X12m. Digital Elevation Model.” Journal of Geography 0, no. 41: 93-107. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2020-0047


Chicago: Humanities Style

Avcıoğlu, Aydoğan, and Cihan Bayrakdar and Erol Sarı and Tuğçe Nagihan Arslan Kaya. “Determination of Soil Loss Based on the TanDEM-X12m. Digital Elevation Model.” Journal of Geography 0, no. 41 (May. 2024): 93-107. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2020-0047


Harvard: Australian Style

Avcıoğlu, A & Bayrakdar, C & Sarı, E & Arslan Kaya, T 2020, 'Determination of Soil Loss Based on the TanDEM-X12m. Digital Elevation Model', Journal of Geography, vol. 0, no. 41, pp. 93-107, viewed 17 May. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2020-0047


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Avcıoğlu, A. and Bayrakdar, C. and Sarı, E. and Arslan Kaya, T. (2020) ‘Determination of Soil Loss Based on the TanDEM-X12m. Digital Elevation Model’, Journal of Geography, 0(41), pp. 93-107. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2020-0047 (17 May. 2024).


MLA

Avcıoğlu, Aydoğan, and Cihan Bayrakdar and Erol Sarı and Tuğçe Nagihan Arslan Kaya. “Determination of Soil Loss Based on the TanDEM-X12m. Digital Elevation Model.” Journal of Geography, vol. 0, no. 41, 2020, pp. 93-107. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2020-0047


Vancouver

Avcıoğlu A, Bayrakdar C, Sarı E, Arslan Kaya T. Determination of Soil Loss Based on the TanDEM-X12m. Digital Elevation Model. Journal of Geography [Internet]. 17 May. 2024 [cited 17 May. 2024];0(41):93-107. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2020-0047 doi: 10.26650/JGEOG2020-0047


ISNAD

Avcıoğlu, Aydoğan - Bayrakdar, Cihan - Sarı, Erol - Arslan Kaya, Tuğçe Nagihan. “Determination of Soil Loss Based on the TanDEM-X12m. Digital Elevation Model”. Journal of Geography 0/41 (May. 2024): 93-107. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2020-0047



TIMELINE


Submitted02.06.2020
Accepted05.09.2020
Published Online16.12.2020

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