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DOI :10.26650/IUITFD.2021.0204   IUP :10.26650/IUITFD.2021.0204    Full Text (PDF)

AN ENDOCRINOLOGICAL APPROACH IN INDIVIDUALS WITH GENDER DYSPHORIA

Ramazan ÇakmakAyşe Kubat Üzüm

Gender identity is defined as the acceptation and perception of an individual’s body and identity within a certain gender. Individuals with gender dysphoria, as diagnosed by psychiatrists, should also be evaluated in terms of endocrinologic measures, and certain underlying conditions/diseases regarding gender dysphoria must be excluded. Prior to initiation of hormonal and irreversible therapies, it is important for an individual to live suitably with the preferred gender identity as to acquire real life experience. The individual’s ability to live in the desired gender is tested in this manner, and whether there is sufficient social, economic, psychological support. Treatment can be initiated for a transgender individual after three months of real-life experience. Before initiation, the reversible and permanent effects must be informed, and the treatment should be individualized. Fertility preservation should be explained prior to hormone therapy, and in those who want to, ovarian preservation in women and sperm preservation in men should be suggested and informed consent obtained. Feminization signs, serum testosterone and estradiol levels, drug side effects, routine cancer screening for breast, colon and prostate cancer and osteoporosis risk factors should be assessed in transgender women. Transgender men, on the other hand, should be screened for virilization signs, serum testosterone levels, drug side effects, annual PAP-smear if uterus is intact and mammography if breast tissue is intact, and osteoporosis risk factors. Surgery can only be proposed to individuals over 18 years of age who have completed 1 year of real-life experience with the usage of hormone therapy for at least 3 months during this period. However, it should be punctuated that surgical procedures constitute irreversible changes and they are not obligatory. Over long-term follow-up, transgender individuals who have undergone surgical procedures are reported to have increased suicide rates and psychiatric morbidities.

DOI :10.26650/IUITFD.2021.0204   IUP :10.26650/IUITFD.2021.0204    Full Text (PDF)

CİNSİYET HOŞNUTSUZLUĞU OLAN BİREYLERDE ENDOKRİNOLOJİK YAKLAŞIM

Ramazan ÇakmakAyşe Kubat Üzüm

Cinsel kimlik, bireyin kendi bedenini ve kimliğini belli bir cinsiyet içinde algılaması, kabullenmesidir. Psikiyatri uzmanları tarafından yapılan değerlendirmeler sonrasında cinsiyet hoşnutsuzluğu tanısı konan bireyler endokrinolojik açıdan da değerlendirilmeli ve cinsiyet hoşnutsuzluğunun altında yatabilecek bazı durumlar/ hastalıklar mutlaka dışlanmalıdır. Hormonal ve geri dönüşümsüz tedaviler başlamadan önce, tercih ettiği cinsel kimliğe uygun olan cinsel rolü yaşaması, tedavi öncesi gerçek yaşam deneyimi açısından önemlidir. Bu şekilde, istenilen cinsiyette yaşama kapasitesi ve sosyal, ekonomik, psikolojik desteklerin yeterli olup olmadığı test edilmiş olur. Transbireye üç aylık gerçek yaşam deneyimi sonrasında hormon tedavisine başlanabilir, tedavi bireye özgü olmalı ve öncesinde hormon tedavisinin geri dönebilen ve kalıcı etkileri anlatılmalıdır. Hormon tedavisi öncesinde fertilite korunması ile ilgili bilgilendirme yapılmalı ve isteyen kadınlarda over prezervasyonu, erkeklerde sperm saklanması önerilmeli, ayrıntılı bilgilendirilmiş onam formu imzalatılmalıdır. Transkadında feminizasyon bulguları, serum testosteron ve estradiol düzeyleri bakılmalı, ilaç yan etkileri, meme, kolon, prostat kanseri açısından rutin kanser taraması ve osteoporoz risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesi yapılmalıdır. Transerkek ise, virilizasyon bulguları, serum testosteron düzeyleri, ilaç yan etkileri, uterus intakt ise yıllık PAP-smear, meme dokusu intakt ise mamografi ve osteoporoz risk faktörleri açısından değerlendirilmelidir. Operasyon, en az bir yıllık gerçek yaşam deneyimini tamamlamış olan ve bunun en az 3 ayında hormon tedavisi kullanmış olan, 18 yaşından büyüklere önerilebilir. Ancak cerrahi tedavinin geri dönülmez değişiklikler oluşturacağı ve cerrahi seçeneğe geçilmesinin şart olmadığı unutulmamalıdır. Cerrahi girişim uygulanmış transbireylerin uzun dönem takiplerinde intihar girişimi ve psikiyatrik morbiditelerin artabileceği bildirilmiştir.


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References

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APA

Çakmak, R., & Kubat Üzüm, A. (0001). AN ENDOCRINOLOGICAL APPROACH IN INDIVIDUALS WITH GENDER DYSPHORIA. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, 84(1), 17-22. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.2021.0204


AMA

Çakmak R, Kubat Üzüm A. AN ENDOCRINOLOGICAL APPROACH IN INDIVIDUALS WITH GENDER DYSPHORIA. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine. 0001;84(1):17-22. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.2021.0204


ABNT

Çakmak, R.; Kubat Üzüm, A. AN ENDOCRINOLOGICAL APPROACH IN INDIVIDUALS WITH GENDER DYSPHORIA. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, [Publisher Location], v. 84, n. 1, p. 17-22, 0001.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Çakmak, Ramazan, and Ayşe Kubat Üzüm. 0001. “AN ENDOCRINOLOGICAL APPROACH IN INDIVIDUALS WITH GENDER DYSPHORIA.” Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 84, no. 1: 17-22. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.2021.0204


Chicago: Humanities Style

Çakmak, Ramazan, and Ayşe Kubat Üzüm. AN ENDOCRINOLOGICAL APPROACH IN INDIVIDUALS WITH GENDER DYSPHORIA.” Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 84, no. 1 (Nov. 2024): 17-22. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.2021.0204


Harvard: Australian Style

Çakmak, R & Kubat Üzüm, A 0001, 'AN ENDOCRINOLOGICAL APPROACH IN INDIVIDUALS WITH GENDER DYSPHORIA', Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 17-22, viewed 25 Nov. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.2021.0204


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Çakmak, R. and Kubat Üzüm, A. (0001) ‘AN ENDOCRINOLOGICAL APPROACH IN INDIVIDUALS WITH GENDER DYSPHORIA’, Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, 84(1), pp. 17-22. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.2021.0204 (25 Nov. 2024).


MLA

Çakmak, Ramazan, and Ayşe Kubat Üzüm. AN ENDOCRINOLOGICAL APPROACH IN INDIVIDUALS WITH GENDER DYSPHORIA.” Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, vol. 84, no. 1, 0001, pp. 17-22. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.2021.0204


Vancouver

Çakmak R, Kubat Üzüm A. AN ENDOCRINOLOGICAL APPROACH IN INDIVIDUALS WITH GENDER DYSPHORIA. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine [Internet]. 25 Nov. 2024 [cited 25 Nov. 2024];84(1):17-22. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.2021.0204 doi: 10.26650/IUITFD.2021.0204


ISNAD

Çakmak, Ramazan - Kubat Üzüm, Ayşe. AN ENDOCRINOLOGICAL APPROACH IN INDIVIDUALS WITH GENDER DYSPHORIA”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 84/1 (Nov. 2024): 17-22. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.2021.0204



TIMELINE


Submitted15.05.2020
Accepted06.01.2021

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