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DOI :https://doi.org/10.18017/iuitfd.22186   IUP :https://doi.org/10.18017/iuitfd.22186    Full Text (PDF)

ANATOMY OF THE NUTRIENT FORAMEN ON THE HUMERUS, RADIUS AND ULNA: A REVIEW

Esranur Korkmaz, İlke Ali Gürses, Özcan Gayretli, Adnan Öztürk

Objective: The nutrient foramina are reported as a cause for union defects in humerus, radius and ulna fractures. We aimed to review the relationship between the anatomy of the nutrient foramina and fractures of these bones. Materials and Methods: We performed an internet search via Pubmed and Google Scholar. We obtained full-text articles of 27 papers. We included 23 articles in our study. Eight studies investigated only humerus, 1 investigated radius, 1 investigated ulna, 1 investigated radius and ulna, and 12 investigated all three bones. We used additional 21 articles for a clinical viewpoint. Therefore 44 references were included in our study. Results: For humerus, foraminal index (the ratio of the distance between nutrient foramen and proximal end of the bone to total bone length) ranged between 32.7 and 59.1, and mostly the foramina located at the anteromedial surface. For radius, foraminal index ranged between 32.7 and 44.52, and mostly the foramina located at the anterior surface. For ulna, foraminal index ranged between 35.7 and 41.97, and mostly the foramina located at the anterior surface. Conclusion: The number and location of the foramina are concordant among different ethical groups. The most common site of union defects for humerus is the proximal 1/3. This complication is attributed to the attachments of strong skeletal muscles to this region. In forearm, non-unions tend to occur at the distal 1/3. At this region, blood supply is diminished due to the decrease of number of branches from the nutrient artery

Keywords: Nutrient foramen, nutrient artery, humerus, radius, ulna
DOI :https://doi.org/10.18017/iuitfd.22186   IUP :https://doi.org/10.18017/iuitfd.22186    Full Text (PDF)

HUMERUS, RADIUS VE ULNA’DAKİ FORAMEN NUTRICIUM’LARIN ANATOMİSİ (BİR DERLEME)

Esranur Korkmaz, İlke Ali Gürses, Özcan Gayretli, Adnan Öztürk

Amaç: Humerus, radius ve ulna kırıklarında kaynama ya da kaynamada gecikme problemlerinin foramen nutricium’lar (FN) ile ilgili olduğu bildirilmektedir. Bu kemiklerin kırılmalarından sonra görülen kaynama problemlerinin FN’in anatomisi ile ilişkili olup olmadığını irdelemeyi amaçladık.

Gereç ve yöntem: Pubmed ve Google Akademik arama motorları ile makale taraması yaparak humerus, radius ve ulna’yı ilgilendiren toplam 27 makaleye ulaştık. Çalışma kriterlerimize uygun 23 makaleden; 8’i sadece humerus, 1’i sadece radius, 1’i sadece ulna, 1’i radius ve ulna, 12’si humerus-radius-ulna’yı değerlendirmiştir. Ayrıca klinik değerlendirmeler için 21 makaleden yararlanırken, toplam 44 makale kaynaklarımızda yer aldı.

Sonuçlar: İncelediğimiz makalelerde, humerus için foraminal indeks (FI) (FN’in kemiğin proksimal ucuna olan mesafenin, kemiğin toplam uzunluğuna oranlanması) en düşük 32.7, en yüksek ise 59.1’dir. Humerus’ta FN’lerin en sık facies anteromedialis’te yer aldığı bildirilmiştir. Radius için FI en düşük 32.7, en yüksek ise 44.52’dir. Radius’ta FN’lerin en sık facies anterior’da yer aldığı kaydedilmiştir. Ulna için FI en düşük 35.7, en yüksek ise 41.97’dir. Ulna’da FN’lerin en sık facies anterior’da olduğu gösterilmiştir.

Tartışma: FN sayı ve yerleşimi açısından anatomisi, farklı etnik gruplar arasında uyum içindedir. Humerus kırıklarından sonra görülen kaynama problemlerinin proksimal 1/3’ünde daha sık olması, bu bölgeye tutunan güçlü üst ekstremite ve gövde kasları ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Ön kol kırıklarında ise kaynama problemlerinin, FN’lerin lokalizasyonunda değil, arteria nutricia (AN)’nın dallarının azaldığı diafizin distal 1/3 bölgesinde daha sık rastlandığı gösterilmiştir.


Keywords: Foramen nutricium, arteria nutricia, humerus, radius, ulna

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APA

Korkmaz, E., Gürses, İ.A., Gayretli, Ö., & Öztürk, A. (2016). ANATOMY OF THE NUTRIENT FORAMEN ON THE HUMERUS, RADIUS AND ULNA: A REVIEW. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, 79(1), 32-37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18017/iuitfd.22186


AMA

Korkmaz E, Gürses İ A, Gayretli Ö, Öztürk A. ANATOMY OF THE NUTRIENT FORAMEN ON THE HUMERUS, RADIUS AND ULNA: A REVIEW. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine. 2016;79(1):32-37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18017/iuitfd.22186


ABNT

Korkmaz, E.; Gürses, İ.A.; Gayretli, Ö.; Öztürk, A. ANATOMY OF THE NUTRIENT FORAMEN ON THE HUMERUS, RADIUS AND ULNA: A REVIEW. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, [Publisher Location], v. 79, n. 1, p. 32-37, 2016.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Korkmaz, Esranur, and İlke Ali Gürses and Özcan Gayretli and Adnan Öztürk. 2016. “ANATOMY OF THE NUTRIENT FORAMEN ON THE HUMERUS, RADIUS AND ULNA: A REVIEW.” Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 79, no. 1: 32-37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18017/iuitfd.22186


Chicago: Humanities Style

Korkmaz, Esranur, and İlke Ali Gürses and Özcan Gayretli and Adnan Öztürk. “ANATOMY OF THE NUTRIENT FORAMEN ON THE HUMERUS, RADIUS AND ULNA: A REVIEW.” Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 79, no. 1 (Aug. 2025): 32-37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18017/iuitfd.22186


Harvard: Australian Style

Korkmaz, E & Gürses, İA & Gayretli, Ö & Öztürk, A 2016, 'ANATOMY OF THE NUTRIENT FORAMEN ON THE HUMERUS, RADIUS AND ULNA: A REVIEW', Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 32-37, viewed 23 Aug. 2025, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18017/iuitfd.22186


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Korkmaz, E. and Gürses, İ.A. and Gayretli, Ö. and Öztürk, A. (2016) ‘ANATOMY OF THE NUTRIENT FORAMEN ON THE HUMERUS, RADIUS AND ULNA: A REVIEW’, Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, 79(1), pp. 32-37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18017/iuitfd.22186 (23 Aug. 2025).


MLA

Korkmaz, Esranur, and İlke Ali Gürses and Özcan Gayretli and Adnan Öztürk. “ANATOMY OF THE NUTRIENT FORAMEN ON THE HUMERUS, RADIUS AND ULNA: A REVIEW.” Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, vol. 79, no. 1, 2016, pp. 32-37. [Database Container], https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18017/iuitfd.22186


Vancouver

Korkmaz E, Gürses İA, Gayretli Ö, Öztürk A. ANATOMY OF THE NUTRIENT FORAMEN ON THE HUMERUS, RADIUS AND ULNA: A REVIEW. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine [Internet]. 23 Aug. 2025 [cited 23 Aug. 2025];79(1):32-37. Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18017/iuitfd.22186 doi: https://doi.org/10.18017/iuitfd.22186


ISNAD

Korkmaz, Esranur - Gürses, İlkeAli - Gayretli, Özcan - Öztürk, Adnan. “ANATOMY OF THE NUTRIENT FORAMEN ON THE HUMERUS, RADIUS AND ULNA: A REVIEW”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 79/1 (Aug. 2025): 32-37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18017/iuitfd.22186



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