Malekoshoaara Bahar and His Poem About Ottoman Constitutionalism
Malekoshoaarā Bahar, who was one of the most important figures of Iran’s literature, science, politics and media life in the 20th century, lived in one of the most politically and socially complicated periods of Iran. The events which shaped the political life of the world, also effected Iran. The poet did not ignore these events and daily matters and he reflected them in his poems. In this context, he was very happy because Sultan Abdulhamid II was decrowned due to the “31 March incident” which was a result of the decleration of the constitutional monarchy on 24 July 1908, and Sultan Mehmed Reşad V. replaced him. Bahar expressed his pleasure in the poem, “Ehlen ve Sehlen/Welcome” which was written in the Müstezad form. This poem is very interesting, because it was written by a Persian intellectual who followed the developments in the Ottoman Empire and expressed his expectations about it.
Melikü’ş-Şuarâ Bahâr ve Osmanlı Meşrutiyeti Hakkındaki Bir Şiiri
20. yy İran edebiyat, ilim, siyaset ve basın hayatının en önemli şahsiyetlerinden olan Melikü’ş-şuarâ Bahâr, İran’ın siyasi ve sosyal açıdan en karışık dönemlerinden birinde yaşadı. Dünya siyasi tarihinin dengelerini değiştiren olaylar, İran’ı da etkilediğinden bu değişikliklere kayıtsız kalmayan şair, güncel meseleleri şiirlerine aksettirdi ve bu bağlamda 24 Temmuz 1908’de Osmanlı devletinde II. Meşrutiyetin ilan edilmesi, akabinde 31 Mart vakası üzerine II. Abdülhamid’in tahttan indirilmesi ve V. Mehmet Reşat’ın tahta geçmesinden duyduğu memnuniyeti, yazdığı ‘Ehlen ve Sehlen/Hoşgeldin’ başlıklı müstezad tarzındaki şiiriyle dile getirdi. Bu şiir İranlı bir aydının Osmanlıdaki değişiklikleri takip etmesi ve beklentilerini ortaya koyması bakımından ilgi çekicidir.
Malekoshoaarā Bahar, who was one of the most important figures of Iran’s literature, science, politics and media life in the 20th century, was born as a child of a poet father in Mashhad, 1886. He was educated by his father at first and after his death, his education was continued by famous writer Edib Nişâbûri and other scholars. He completed his education in Medrese-i Nevvab. His talent for poetry since his childhood years, impelled him to be a poet. This success brought him the title “Malekoshoaarā” which was given by Muzafferüddin Shah. Bahar, joined the constitutionalism movement. When the Democratical Party was founded, he published its publication organ “Nevbahar” in Mashhad. He was exiled countless times because of his anomalous articles. Bahar was elected as a parlament member several times. He formed a literary group named “Danishkede” and published the journal that has the same name. Bahar retired from his political career after The Pehlevi dynasty accede. While he was working as a scholar, he left some important works in the academic world. He died in Teheran in 1951.
The poet lived in politically and socially complicated periods of Iran. The events which shaped the political life of the world, also effected Iran. The poet did not ignore these political and daily matters. As a result, he reflected them in his poems. In this context, he was very happy because Sultan Abdulhamid II was decrowned due to the ‘’31 March incident’’ which was a result of the decleration of the constitutional monarchy on 24 July 1908, and Sultan Mehmed Reşad V replaced him. He expressed his pleasure in his poem “Ehlen ve Sehlen/ Welcome” which was written in the Müstezad form. This poem is very interesting, because it was written by a Persian intellectual who followed the developments in the Ottoman Empire and expressed his expectations about it.
