Journal of Penal Law and Criminology

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DOI :10.26650/JPLC360265   IUP :10.26650/JPLC360265    Full Text (PDF)

Forensic DNA Analysis in the Turkish Criminal Procedure Law in the Context of the Law of Germany, Switzerland and Austria

Gülsün Ayhan Aygörmez

Developments of the judicial DNA examinations in criminal procedure law have never been completely terminated or fully resolved. Even the legal debates that revolutionized criminal law have now receded into the background. The present study is aimed at rediscussing such issues as creating the authority to record DNA profiles under the criminal procedure law and establishing the national DNA bank of Turkey by reexamining molecular genetic studies in Turkish criminal procedure law. This study consists of three main parts. The first part includes a general introduction to DNA analysis in criminal proceedings, a short history of DNA analyzes in criminal procedure law and an explanation of the status of DNA analyzes against fundamental rights. In the second part of the work, the legislation on DNA analysis of Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Turkey is reviewed with an emphasis given to German and Turkish law. The last part of study deals with the need to foresee two new norms in Turkish Criminal Procedure Law on generating DNA analyzes, recording DNA profiles and analyzing mass DNA data for the future criminal proceedings.

Keywords: Research of Molecular Genetics, Forensic DNA Analysis, DNA Profile, Mass DNA Analysis, DNA Data Bank
DOI :10.26650/JPLC360265   IUP :10.26650/JPLC360265    Full Text (PDF)

Almanya, İsviçre ve Avusturya Hukuku Bağlamında Türk Ceza Muhakemesi Hukukunda Adlî DNA Analizleri

Gülsün Ayhan Aygörmez

Keşfi ile ceza muhakemesi hukukunda devrim yaratan ve bir dönem üzerinde hararetli tartışmaların yapıldığı moleküler genetik incelemelere ilişkin hukukî tartışmalar günümüzde artık arka planda kalmış olsa da ceza muhakemesi hukukunda adlî DNA incelemelerine ilişkin gelişmeler aslında ne tam olarak sonlandırılmış ne de bu husustaki sorunlara tam olarak çözüm bulunabilmiştir. Mevcut çalışma, Türk ceza muhakemesi hukukunda moleküler genetik incelemeleri yeniden mercek altına alarak, DNA profillerinin TürkCMK kapsamında kaydedilmesi ile Türkiye Milli DNA Bankasının kurulması gibi hususları yeniden tartışmaya açma hedefindedir. Çalışma üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde ceza muhakemesinde DNA analizlerine genel giriş yapılmış ve DNA analizlerinin ceza muhakemesi alanındaki tarihsel gelişimlerine kısaca değinilmiş, bunun ardından DNA analizlerinin temel haklar karşısındaki durumu ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde DNA analizlerine ilişkin Almanya, Avusturya, İsviçre ve Türkiye mevzuatı aktarılmış, bu esnada Alman ve Türk hukukuna ağırlık verilmiştir. Çalışmanın son aşamasında anılan ülkelerde bulunan ancak Türk ceza muhakemesi hukukunda yer almayan iki hükmün (gelecek yargılamalarda kullanılmak üzere DNA anali-zi yapılması ve DNA profillerinin kaydedilmesi ile kitlesel DNA analizleri) de lege ferenda Türk ceza muhakemesi hukukunda öngörülmesi ve bunlarla bağlantılı Türkiye Milli DNA Bankası kurulması önerileri gerekçeleriyle birlikte ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords: Moleküler genetik araştırma, adlî DNA analizi, DNA profili, kitle DNA analizleri, DNA veri bankası

EXTENDED ABSTRACT


Developments about the judicial DNA examinations in criminal procedure law have neither been completely terminated nor fully resolved. Even the legal debates, which revolutionized criminal law, have now subsided into the background. The present study is aimed at re-discussing such issues as creating the authority to record DNA profiles under the criminal procedure law and establishing the national DNA bank of Turkey by re-examining molecular genetic studies in Turkish criminal procedure law. Indeed, first of all there is no consensus on the concept of judicial DNA examinations and the implications of these examinations on constitutional rights. In particular, the immunity of human dignity, the context of protection of body integrity, fundamental human rights, and the right to determine the future of personal information (autonomy of information or autonomy of informing) i.e., the right to request the protection of personal data, will be appropriate topics of the discussion in studies of judicial DNA within Turkish and comparative law. Although the private aspects of human life will not be invaded via judicial DNA examinations, obtaining personal DNA profiles is an attack on the private lives of people and it may not be required that everyone knows the direct or indirect information to be obtained as a result of the examination. Furthermore, the generation, using, processing, recording, detection, etc. of DNA profiles are attacks on the right to autonomy of informing which is in under the protection of the constitution. DNA profiles are personal data, and because of that, DNA profiles are under protection of Turkish Constitution Article 20/III. With a change in criminal procedure law, provisions that can be created about the making, recording and re-using judicial DNA analysis to be used in future jurisdiction may mean violating people’s rights to privacy and autonomy of information . For this reason, restrictions of these rights should be in accordance with the constitution. Beside the described matters, there is no provision about the processing and recording of DNA profiles in future jurisdiction and conducting mass DNA analyzes in Turkish Criminal Law. Unlike Turkish Criminal Procedure Law, there are four provisions in German Criminal Law. German Criminal Law Article 81/a is related to a suspect/defendant’s physical examination, German Procedure Criminal Law Article 81/c is related to another’s physical examination, German Criminal Procedure Law Article 81/e is related to genetic molecular examination and German Criminal Procedure Law Article 81/f is related to procedure of genetic molecular examination. Austrian Criminal Procedure Law Article 124 and Swiss Criminal Procedure Law Article 255 are the equivalent of the Turkish Criminal Procedure Law Art 75 and German Criminal Law Article 81. As said before, in Turkish Criminal Procedure Law there is no provision about the recording of DNA profiles to be used in future jurisdictions. Despite that, detailed regulations have been made in German Criminal Procedure Law Article 81/g, Swiss Criminal Procedure Law Article 256 and Austrian Security Forces Article 67. Similarly, the regulation on mass DNA analyzes are in German Criminal Procedure Law Article 81/h and Swiss Procedure Law Article 257 although they are not included in Turkish Criminal Procedure Law. A norm like that in German Criminal Procedure Law Article 81/g does not exist in Turkish Criminal Procedure Law. The other norms about DNA analyzes in German Criminal Law are similar to the norms in Turkish Criminal Procedure Law. Other than this, a new norm (Turkish Criminal Procedure Law Article 78/A) should be introduced about generating and recording to be used in future jurisdictions with comparative law, German Criminal Procedure Law Article 81/g, Swiss Criminal Procedure Law Article 256 and Austrian Security Forces Article 67 in mind. The same is valid for mass DNA analyzes too. When considering the comparative law regulations and discussions, the addition of a de lege ferenda norm (Turkish Criminal Procedure Law Article 78/B) to Criminal Procedure Law would be appropriate. This new norm should be reconsidered in the context of DNA data and the Turkish National DNA Database Law Draft and this draft should be passed immediately. This study consists of three main parts. The first part includes a general introduction to DNA analysis in criminal proceedings and a short history of DNA analyzes on criminal procedure law and includes the status of DNA analyzes against fundamental rights. In the second part of the work, legislation from Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Turkey on DNA analysis was reviewed, and German and Turkish law was emphasized. The last part of study deals with the need to foresee two new norms in Turkish Criminal Procedure Law on generating DNA analyzes, recording DNA profiles and analyzing mass DNA data for the future criminal proceedings.


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APA

Aygörmez, G. (0001). Forensic DNA Analysis in the Turkish Criminal Procedure Law in the Context of the Law of Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Journal of Penal Law and Criminology, 5(2), 29-87. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC360265


AMA

Aygörmez G. Forensic DNA Analysis in the Turkish Criminal Procedure Law in the Context of the Law of Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Journal of Penal Law and Criminology. 0001;5(2):29-87. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC360265


ABNT

Aygörmez, G. Forensic DNA Analysis in the Turkish Criminal Procedure Law in the Context of the Law of Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Journal of Penal Law and Criminology, [Publisher Location], v. 5, n. 2, p. 29-87, 0001.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Aygörmez, Gülsün Ayhan,. 0001. “Forensic DNA Analysis in the Turkish Criminal Procedure Law in the Context of the Law of Germany, Switzerland and Austria.” Journal of Penal Law and Criminology 5, no. 2: 29-87. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC360265


Chicago: Humanities Style

Aygörmez, Gülsün Ayhan,. “Forensic DNA Analysis in the Turkish Criminal Procedure Law in the Context of the Law of Germany, Switzerland and Austria.” Journal of Penal Law and Criminology 5, no. 2 (Nov. 2024): 29-87. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC360265


Harvard: Australian Style

Aygörmez, G 0001, 'Forensic DNA Analysis in the Turkish Criminal Procedure Law in the Context of the Law of Germany, Switzerland and Austria', Journal of Penal Law and Criminology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 29-87, viewed 15 Nov. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC360265


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Aygörmez, G. (0001) ‘Forensic DNA Analysis in the Turkish Criminal Procedure Law in the Context of the Law of Germany, Switzerland and Austria’, Journal of Penal Law and Criminology, 5(2), pp. 29-87. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC360265 (15 Nov. 2024).


MLA

Aygörmez, Gülsün Ayhan,. “Forensic DNA Analysis in the Turkish Criminal Procedure Law in the Context of the Law of Germany, Switzerland and Austria.” Journal of Penal Law and Criminology, vol. 5, no. 2, 0001, pp. 29-87. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC360265


Vancouver

Aygörmez G. Forensic DNA Analysis in the Turkish Criminal Procedure Law in the Context of the Law of Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Journal of Penal Law and Criminology [Internet]. 15 Nov. 2024 [cited 15 Nov. 2024];5(2):29-87. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC360265 doi: 10.26650/JPLC360265


ISNAD

Aygörmez, Gülsün Ayhan. “Forensic DNA Analysis in the Turkish Criminal Procedure Law in the Context of the Law of Germany, Switzerland and Austria”. Journal of Penal Law and Criminology 5/2 (Nov. 2024): 29-87. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC360265



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