Research Article


DOI :10.26650/jtcd.1432027   IUP :10.26650/jtcd.1432027    Full Text (PDF)

Reflection on Kyrgyz Epic Saga Tradition in Puppet Theatre: A Study of “The Epic of Janyl Mırza”

Ezgi Oya GümüşÖzkul Çobanoğlu

The Kyrgyz theatre, originating in 1926 during the Soviet Union era, has persevered uninterruptedly for 98 years, embodying modern sensibilities while drawing deeply from the wellspring of Kyrgyz epic sagas. These ancient narratives have not only inspired but also directly influenced the theatrical repertoires of Kyrgyzstan, giving rise to a distinctive form known as “Kyrgyz Epic Saga Theatre.” In this study, we aim to shed light on the intersection of Kyrgyz epic tradition and the art of puppet theatre, focusing on the example of “The Epic of Janyl Mırza.” Authored by Calil Sadikov, this theatrical piece is intricately woven with elements drawn from the epic saga of Janyl Mırza, showcasing both similarities and deviations in content and form. Furthermore, the stage design of Janyl Mırza is imbued with material cultural elements, providing a rich visual tapestry that resonates with the essence of the epic tradition.

DOI :10.26650/jtcd.1432027   IUP :10.26650/jtcd.1432027    Full Text (PDF)

Kırgız Epik Destan Geleneğinin Tiyatro Sanatına Yansıması: Cañıl Mırza Destanı ve Kukla Tiyatrosu Örneği

Ezgi Oya GümüşÖzkul Çobanoğlu

1926 yılında ilk kez modern anlamda Sovyetler Birliği döneminde perde diyen Kırgız Tiyatrosu 98 yıldır kesintisiz olarak varlığını sürdürmektedir. Modern Kırgız tiyatrosunu besleyen kaynaklardan birisi de Kırgız epik destanlarıdır. Kırgızistan’daki tiyatrolarının repertuarlarını incelediğimizde Kırgız epik destanlarından esinlenerek yazılmış, sahnelenmiş tiyatro oyunlarının varlığını tespit edilmiştir. Bazı destanların doğrudan tiyatro olarak sahneye taşındığını görülmüştür. Destanlardan esinlenerek yazılan tiyatro metinlerini incelediğimiz zaman açığa çıkan tiyatro türünün kendine has özellikleri olan “Kırgız Epik Destan Tiyatrosu” olduğunu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmamız kapsamında epik destan özelliği gösteren, kendine has özellikleri olan bu tiyatro metinlerinin varlığını akademik ve sanat camiasına duyurmayı amaçlanmıştır. Makalemizde Calil Sadıkov’un Cañıl Mırza destanından esinlenerek yazdığı metni incelemeyi seçtik. İçerik ve biçim açısından destan ile arasındaki benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları belirlenmiştir. Kuklaların ve tiyatro gösteriminin sahne tasarımında kullanılan Kırgızlara ait maddi kültür unsurlarını da tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; belirtmeliyiz ki Cañıl kukla tiyatrosu destan metniyle ile benzerlik gösteren, epik destan anlatım özelliklerinin taşıyan özgün bir eserdir.


EXTENDED ABSTRACT


Traces of Kyrgyz epic sagas are prominently evident in Kyrgyz theatre. Kyrgyz epic sagas boast rich narrative subject matter, involving a diverse range of oral folk literature products such as tales, laments, riddles, rituals, rites of passage, birth, weddings, death, stories, and epic saga narratives. This rich reservoir of content serves as the bedrock of Kyrgyz theatre artistry. While the Manas Trilogy, comprising Manas, Semetey, and Seytek, remains a cornerstone of Kyrgyz epic tradition, its influence on the theatre extends beyond, encompassing small-scale epics that find their place on stage. Among these is the epic of Janyl Mırza, which features a female protagonist and is classified within the scope of heroic epics. In this study, we discussed the “Janyl Mırza” epic, a small-scale, yet heroic and historical saga of the Kyrgyz people. The Janyl Mirza epic dates back to a period when the Kirghiz were subject to Kalmak rule during the 17th and 18th centuries. Janyl Mırza has four variants. In our study, we conducted research on Kyrgyz’s repertoire theatres. Among the plays written about the Cañıl Mırza epic, we chose the puppet theatre text written by Calil Sadıkov. The text was written for a puppet theatre. It was also staged as theatre other than puppet. The play was written between 1978–1979. The name of the play is “Janyl Mırza.” At the beginning of the play’s text, a description states, "an epic drama written for puppet theatre." At the beginning of the play, the author states the type of play he wrote as "Epic Drama." This extends beyond Bertolt Brecht’s understanding of epic theatre to the epic tradition and the theatre texts written based on this tradition. Thus, we examined the subject of the Janyl Mırza text, the number of acts, characters and their functions, and their similarities and differences with the epic text. In addition, we discussed the staging processes of the puppet theatre and the cultural elements revealed in the decor and costume design. Our research reveals that out of the nine main scenes of the puppet text, one introductory scene wherein Race Girl plays the komuz stands out. The play features ten main characters and a Komuzcu character named “Irchı Kız,” who sings and provides game-related information. Incorporating songs and poems, traditional musical instruments such as the “komuz” are employed throughout the performance. Notably, the puppet plays have been staged at festivals in different languages. Our research revealed that Janyl Mirza’s puppet theatre productions have been staged internationally in different languages, including regional theatres in conventional theatrical format, beyond puppetry. These enactments serve as practical tools for disseminating Kyrgyz culture and enhancing theatrical arts. The author stated that “Irchı Kız” wore traditional Kyrgyz women’s attire, while other characters used traditional Kyrgyz clothing, “Ak Kalpak,” “Tebetey,” “Eleçek,” and “Köynök,” garments. Cañıl has a sword and a shield in his hand and a warrior’s helmet on his head. The author took some episodes from the epic but did not use the exact words of the epic. The author also referred to Kyz Saykal, another Kyrgyz epic, within the text of the puppet play. Despite Janyl Mırza categorizing the text as an “epic drama,” it diverges from Brecht-style epic theatre. Instead, it represents a puppet text derived from an epic narrative-based oral folk literature product. This work includes elements of the epic, poems, and song narration. Conversely, these epic saga-based narratives and reenactments are unique creations. Thus, the stage presentations of Kyrgyz epic sagas epitomized a genre specific to Kyrgyz performance arts, termed “Kyrgyz Epic Saga Theatre.” In conclusion, when considering works stemming from Kyrgyz epic sagas, they are rightly characterized as Kyrgyz Epic Saga Theatre. "Janyl Mırza" also stands as an example of this tradition.



PDF View

References

  • Abdıgulov, Tolkunbek. T. Abdumomunov Atındagı Kırgız Uluttuk Teatırı (1926-2006). Bişkek: Uçkun, 2007. google scholar
  • Andaşova, Aynura. “Canıl Mırza Eposunun Professional Adabıyatta Körköm İştelişi.” Doktora Tezi, Cusup Balasagın Universitesi, 2011. google scholar
  • Andaşova, Aynura. “Janyl Mırza Soyuceti Dramaturgiyada.”, Nauka i Nobie Tehnologii 1, (2011): 286-289. google scholar
  • Artıkbayev, Kaçkınbay. XX Kırgız Edebiyatı Tarihi. Çeviren. Mayramgül Dıykanbayeva. Ankara: Bengü, 2013. google scholar
  • Başgöz, İlhan. “Dede Korkut Destanı’nda Epitetler.” Milli Folklor 37, (1998): 23-35. google scholar
  • Baygaziev, Sovetbek. XX. Kılımdagı Kırgız Dramaturgiyasının Tarıhı Kitep-I. Bişkek: Uluttuk İlimder Akademiyası, 2002. google scholar
  • Berard, Victor. Le Drame Epique. Paris: Rue Des Saints-Peres, 1930. google scholar
  • Botkin, Albert. “Applied Folklore: Creating Understanding Through Folklore.” Southern Folklore Quarterly 17, (1953): 199-206. google scholar
  • Burudniy, Dimitri. Teatralnoe İskustva Kirgizii. Moskva: Izdatelstvo Znanıye, 1953. google scholar
  • Caynakova, Aynek. Canıl Mırza Kence Epos, IX. Tom. Editör. Abdıldacan Akmataliev. Bişkek: Arbasiya Press, 2015. google scholar
  • Cunuşov, Abdırasul. Sahna Çeberleri. Frunze: Kırgızstan, 1988. google scholar
  • Çobanoğlu, Özkul. Türk Dünyası Epik Destan Geleneği. Ankara: Akçağ, 2007. google scholar
  • Ekici, Metin, Türk Halk Edebiyatı El Kitabı, Ankara: Grafiker Yay, 2007. google scholar
  • Ermatov, Egemberdi. Egemberdi Ermatov Esseler cana Dramalar. Bişkek: Biyiktik, 2011. google scholar
  • Feyzioğlu, Nesrin. (2006). Türk Dünyasında ve Anadolu’da Kopuz, A. Ü. Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, 31, 233-246. google scholar
  • Gümüş, E. Oya. (2003). “Kültürel Aktarımın Bir Şekli Olarak Kırgızistan’da Duvar Resimleri ve Grafitiler.” Folklor Akademi Dergisi, 6, 3, 1096- 1117. google scholar
  • Hugo, Victor. William Shakespeare. Çeviren Melville Anderson. Chicago, A.C. McClurg and Company, 1911. google scholar
  • Kagan, Moissej. Estetik ve Sanat Dersleri. Çeviren Aziz Çalışlar. Ankara: İmge Yayınları, 1993. google scholar
  • Kaya, Doğan. Kırgız Destanları. Ankara: Salkım Söğüt Yayınları, 2015. google scholar
  • Köktürk, Milay. Toplum ve Kültür. Ankara: Ötüken Yayınları, 2017. google scholar
  • Kulmambetov, Canış. Kırgız Teatrı. Bişkek: Turar, 2017. google scholar
  • Kulmambetov, Canış. Kırgızdın Epikalık Teatırı. Literatura.kg, 2018. http://literatura.kg/uploads/kyrgyzdyn_epikalyk_teatry.pdf. google scholar
  • Lvov, Nikolay. Kırgızskii Teatr. Moskva: İskustva, 1953. google scholar
  • Malikov, Kubanıçbek. Kubanıçbek Malikov IX Tom. Bişkek: İmak Ofseti, 2015. google scholar
  • Markov, P. Aleksandroviç. Teatral’naya Entsiklopediya Tom 3. Moskva: Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya, 1964. google scholar
  • Morton, Margaret. Kyrgyz Epic Theatre in New York, Editör Virlana Tkacz. NewYork: Kyrgyz National Museum of Fine Arts, 2008. google scholar
  • Musaev, Samar. Manas Sagınbay Orozobakovdun Varyantı Boyunça, Ankara: TDBB Yayınları, 2017. google scholar
  • Pignarre, Robert. Tiyatro Tarihi, Çeviren. Pınar Kür. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 1991 google scholar
  • Reich, Karl. (2002). Türk Boylarının Destanları. Çeviren. Metin Ekici. Ankara: TDK Yay. google scholar
  • Sadıkov, Calil. Möltür Bulak. Frunze: Mektep, 1981. google scholar
  • Sırımbetov, Avas. Kırgız Kuurçak Teatırı. Frunze: Adabiyat, 1989. google scholar
  • Sokolinsky, Evgeni.Kirilloviç. "Smert’ Tarelkına I Russkaya Narodnaya Komedıya, Russkaya Demonologıya A. V. Sukhovo-Kobylına”, Ruskiy Folklor, 18, (1978): 42-60. google scholar
  • Şarafidinova, Maratbek. Narınskiy Oblastnoy Muzikalno Dramateçiskiy Tiatr İmeni M. Rıskulov, Narın: Ministerstvo Kulturı Kirgizkoy CCP, 1987. google scholar
  • Tacıbayeva, Altınay. Borbodruk Aziyanın Epikalık Teatrı. Bişkek: Biyiktik, 2009. google scholar
  • Temur, Nezir. Folklor ve İdeoloji. Ankara: Türk Kültürünü Araştırma Enstitüsü, 2011. google scholar
  • Yudahin, Konstantin. Kırgız Sözlüğü. Ankara: TDK Yayınları, 2011. google scholar

Citations

Copy and paste a formatted citation or use one of the options to export in your chosen format


EXPORT



APA

Gümüş, E.O., & Çobanoğlu, Ö. (2024). Reflection on Kyrgyz Epic Saga Tradition in Puppet Theatre: A Study of “The Epic of Janyl Mırza”. Journal of Theatre Criticism and Dramaturgy, 0(38), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.26650/jtcd.1432027


AMA

Gümüş E O, Çobanoğlu Ö. Reflection on Kyrgyz Epic Saga Tradition in Puppet Theatre: A Study of “The Epic of Janyl Mırza”. Journal of Theatre Criticism and Dramaturgy. 2024;0(38):27-40. https://doi.org/10.26650/jtcd.1432027


ABNT

Gümüş, E.O.; Çobanoğlu, Ö. Reflection on Kyrgyz Epic Saga Tradition in Puppet Theatre: A Study of “The Epic of Janyl Mırza”. Journal of Theatre Criticism and Dramaturgy, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 38, p. 27-40, 2024.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Gümüş, Ezgi Oya, and Özkul Çobanoğlu. 2024. “Reflection on Kyrgyz Epic Saga Tradition in Puppet Theatre: A Study of “The Epic of Janyl Mırza”.” Journal of Theatre Criticism and Dramaturgy 0, no. 38: 27-40. https://doi.org/10.26650/jtcd.1432027


Chicago: Humanities Style

Gümüş, Ezgi Oya, and Özkul Çobanoğlu. Reflection on Kyrgyz Epic Saga Tradition in Puppet Theatre: A Study of “The Epic of Janyl Mırza”.” Journal of Theatre Criticism and Dramaturgy 0, no. 38 (Nov. 2024): 27-40. https://doi.org/10.26650/jtcd.1432027


Harvard: Australian Style

Gümüş, EO & Çobanoğlu, Ö 2024, 'Reflection on Kyrgyz Epic Saga Tradition in Puppet Theatre: A Study of “The Epic of Janyl Mırza”', Journal of Theatre Criticism and Dramaturgy, vol. 0, no. 38, pp. 27-40, viewed 15 Nov. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/jtcd.1432027


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Gümüş, E.O. and Çobanoğlu, Ö. (2024) ‘Reflection on Kyrgyz Epic Saga Tradition in Puppet Theatre: A Study of “The Epic of Janyl Mırza”’, Journal of Theatre Criticism and Dramaturgy, 0(38), pp. 27-40. https://doi.org/10.26650/jtcd.1432027 (15 Nov. 2024).


MLA

Gümüş, Ezgi Oya, and Özkul Çobanoğlu. Reflection on Kyrgyz Epic Saga Tradition in Puppet Theatre: A Study of “The Epic of Janyl Mırza”.” Journal of Theatre Criticism and Dramaturgy, vol. 0, no. 38, 2024, pp. 27-40. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/jtcd.1432027


Vancouver

Gümüş EO, Çobanoğlu Ö. Reflection on Kyrgyz Epic Saga Tradition in Puppet Theatre: A Study of “The Epic of Janyl Mırza”. Journal of Theatre Criticism and Dramaturgy [Internet]. 15 Nov. 2024 [cited 15 Nov. 2024];0(38):27-40. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/jtcd.1432027 doi: 10.26650/jtcd.1432027


ISNAD

Gümüş, EzgiOya - Çobanoğlu, Özkul. Reflection on Kyrgyz Epic Saga Tradition in Puppet Theatre: A Study of “The Epic of Janyl Mırza””. Journal of Theatre Criticism and Dramaturgy 0/38 (Nov. 2024): 27-40. https://doi.org/10.26650/jtcd.1432027



TIMELINE


Submitted05.02.2024
Accepted02.04.2024
Published Online24.06.2024

LICENCE


Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)

This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.


SHARE




Istanbul University Press aims to contribute to the dissemination of ever growing scientific knowledge through publication of high quality scientific journals and books in accordance with the international publishing standards and ethics. Istanbul University Press follows an open access, non-commercial, scholarly publishing.