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DOI :10.26650/mecmua.2023.81.3.0003   IUP :10.26650/mecmua.2023.81.3.0003    Full Text (PDF)

The Issue of Whether the Special Lien is Transferred to the Assignee in Case of the Assignment of the Claim Secured by the Special Lien

Hayrunnisa Altın Şahin

Special lien is a limited real right that authorizes the creditor to retain and realize chattels and securities that have come into his or her possession with the debtor’s consent. As an accessory right, a special lien serves to secure the claim. The conditions of the general special lien are regulated under Articles 950-953 of the Turkish Civil Code no. 4721. For the special lien to arise, the creditor’s claim must be due, the creditor must possess the retained object with the debtor’s consent, and there must be a connection between the retained object and the claim. Special lien may not be exercised in cases that are incompatible with the obligations of the creditor, the instructions of the debtor, or public policy. Whether the special lien is transferred to the assignee when the claim secured by the special lien is assigned remains debatable. Some authors argue that the special lien is not transferred to the assignee, whereas others state that only the commercial special lien is not transferred to the assignee. Meanwhile, some authors agreed that the special lien is transferred to the assignee. In the justifications of these opinions, many issues are examined: the legal nature of the special lien, whether the assignee of the claim fulfills the conditions of the special lien, and whether the special lien is one of the accessory rights that can be transferred to the assignee pursuant to Article 189/I of the Turkish Code of Obligations no. 6098. In this study, opinions are evaluated on whether the special lien can be transferred to the assignee in the case of the assignment of the claim secured by the special lien. In this context, it is accepted that the special lien is transferred to the assignee without distinction according to Article 189/I of the Turkish Code of Obligations. It is sufficient for the special lien to arise prior to the claim’s assignment. The conditions of the special lien are not required to be fulfilled by the assignee.

Keywords: Special Lien, Security, Possession, Claim, Connection, Assignment of Claims, Assignee, Accessory Right
DOI :10.26650/mecmua.2023.81.3.0003   IUP :10.26650/mecmua.2023.81.3.0003    Full Text (PDF)

Hapis Hakkı ile Güvence Altına Alınan Alacağın Devredilmesi Hâlinde Hapis Hakkının Devralana Geçip Geçmeyeceği Sorunu

Hayrunnisa Altın Şahin

Hapis hakkı, alacaklıya borçlunun rızası ile zilyedi olduğu taşınır eşya veya kıymetli evrakı alıkoyma ve paraya çevirme yetkisi veren bir sınırlı ayni haktır. Hapis hakkının alacağa bağlı hak olarak alacağı teminat altına alma işlevi bulunmaktadır. Genel hapis hakkının şartları Türk Medeni Kanunu’nun 950-953. maddelerinde düzenlenmektedir. Hapis hakkının doğması için alacaklının alacağının muaccel olması, alacaklının hapis hakkına konu eşyaya borçlunun rızası ile zilyet olması ve hapis hakkına konu eşya ile alacak arasında bağlantının bulunması gerekir. Hapis hakkı, alacaklının yükümlülükleri, borçlunun talimatı veya kamu düzeni ile bağdaşmayan hâllerde kullanılamaz. Hapis hakkı ile güvence altına alınan alacağın devredilmesi hâlinde hapis hakkının devralana geçip geçmeyeceği tartışmalıdır. Bazı yazarlar, hapis hakkının alacakla birlikte devralana geçişini tamamen veya sadece ticari hapis hakkı yönünden reddetmektedirler. Bazı yazarlar ise hapis hakkının alacakla birlikte devralana geçeceğini savunmaktadırlar. Bu görüşlerin gerekçelerinde, hapis hakkının niteliği, alacağı devralanın hapis hakkının şartlarını taşıyıp taşımadığı, hapis hakkının Türk Borçlar Kanunu madde 189/I uyarınca devralana alacakla birlikte geçen bağlı haklardan olup olmadığı gibi pek çok husus incelenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, hapis hakkı ile güvence altına alınan alacağın devredilmesi hâlinde hapis hakkının alacakla birlikte devralana geçmesinin mümkün olup olmadığı konusundaki görüşler değerlendirilmektedir. Bu kapsamda, hapis hakkının ayrıma tabi olmaksızın Türk Borçlar Kanunu madde 189/I uyarınca devralana geçeceği savunulmaktadır. Hapis hakkının devralana geçmesi için alacağın devrinden önce doğması yeterlidir. Hapis hakkının şartları devralan bakımından aranmamalıdır.

Keywords: Hapis Hakkı, Teminat, Zilyetlik, Alacak, Bağlantı, Alacağın Devri, Devralan, Bağlı Hak

EXTENDED ABSTRACT


The special lien is a right that authorizes the creditor to retain and realize chattels and securities that have come into his or her possession with the debtor’s consent until the creditor’s claim has been satisfied with performance or security has been provided for his or her claim. The special lien is a type of legal pledge of chattels and is a limited real right. The special lien arises upon fulfilling the conditions regulated in Articles 950-953 of the Turkish Civil Code no. 4721.

The special lien can be asserted over realizable chattels. The claim must be valid and due for the special lien to arise. Moreover, the creditor must acquire the possession of chattels and securities with the debtor’s consent. Furthermore, a connection must exist between the retained objects and the claim. The connection condition is regulated in two ways in Article 950 of the Turkish Civil Code in terms of civil and commercial special lien. When the negative conditions of this right are not met, the special lien arises. In other words, the special lien cannot be asserted in cases that are incompatible with a creditor obligation, debtor instructions prior to or upon transfer of possession of the chattel, or public policy.

In the case of the assignment of the claim secured by the special lien, whether the special lien is transferred to the assignee remains controversial. In this regard, some authors argue that the special lien is not transferred to the assignee, whereas others accept that the special lien except the commercial special lien is transferred. Meanwhile, some authors agreed that the special lien is transferred to the assignee without distinction. This disagreement in the doctrine first stems from the uncertainty about whether the assignee must fulfill the conditions of the special lien. Second, whether the special lien is within the scope of Article 189/I of the Turkish Code of Obligations no. 6098 regarding the transfer of accessory rights in the assignment of claims leads to this disagreement.

The authors who reject the transfer of the special lien to the assignee in the case of assignment of the claim secured by the special lien argue that the assignee does not fulfill the conditions of the special lien. Meanwhile, some authors reject only the transfer of commercial special lien. These authors agree that the commercial special lien is one of the rights that cannot be separated from the assignor’s person. As a result, they contend that, in the case of claim assignment, the commercial special lien is not transferred to the assignee following Article 189/I of the Turkish Code of Obligations. According to this opinion, only the civil special lien is transferred to the assignee.

Some authors accepted that all types of special lien are transferred to the assignee in the case of assignment of the claim secured by the special lien. Some of these authors reached this conclusion on the basis of the legal nature of the special lien. However, some of them argued that the special lien is one of the accessory rights in accordance with Article 189/I of the Turkish Code of Obligations without any distinction.

The issue of whether the special lien is transferred to the assignee in case of the assignment of the claim secured by the special lien is discussed in this article. Findings reveal that it is sufficient for the special lien to arise prior to the assignment of the claim for it to be transferred to the assignee. The assignee is not required to fulfill the conditions of the special lien. The legal reason for transferring the special lien to the assignee is Article 189/I of the Turkish Code of Obligations, which regulates the transfer of accessory rights in the assignment of claims. This provision transfers both civil and commercial special liens to the assignee. This solution in favor of the assignee of the claim does not worsen the debtor’s position, but the rejection of this solution leads to a disadvantageous result for the creditor.


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APA

Altın Şahin, H. (2023). The Issue of Whether the Special Lien is Transferred to the Assignee in Case of the Assignment of the Claim Secured by the Special Lien. Istanbul Law Review, 81(3), 675-698. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2023.81.3.0003


AMA

Altın Şahin H. The Issue of Whether the Special Lien is Transferred to the Assignee in Case of the Assignment of the Claim Secured by the Special Lien. Istanbul Law Review. 2023;81(3):675-698. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2023.81.3.0003


ABNT

Altın Şahin, H. The Issue of Whether the Special Lien is Transferred to the Assignee in Case of the Assignment of the Claim Secured by the Special Lien. Istanbul Law Review, [Publisher Location], v. 81, n. 3, p. 675-698, 2023.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Altın Şahin, Hayrunnisa,. 2023. “The Issue of Whether the Special Lien is Transferred to the Assignee in Case of the Assignment of the Claim Secured by the Special Lien.” Istanbul Law Review 81, no. 3: 675-698. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2023.81.3.0003


Chicago: Humanities Style

Altın Şahin, Hayrunnisa,. “The Issue of Whether the Special Lien is Transferred to the Assignee in Case of the Assignment of the Claim Secured by the Special Lien.” Istanbul Law Review 81, no. 3 (May. 2024): 675-698. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2023.81.3.0003


Harvard: Australian Style

Altın Şahin, H 2023, 'The Issue of Whether the Special Lien is Transferred to the Assignee in Case of the Assignment of the Claim Secured by the Special Lien', Istanbul Law Review, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 675-698, viewed 11 May. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2023.81.3.0003


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Altın Şahin, H. (2023) ‘The Issue of Whether the Special Lien is Transferred to the Assignee in Case of the Assignment of the Claim Secured by the Special Lien’, Istanbul Law Review, 81(3), pp. 675-698. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2023.81.3.0003 (11 May. 2024).


MLA

Altın Şahin, Hayrunnisa,. “The Issue of Whether the Special Lien is Transferred to the Assignee in Case of the Assignment of the Claim Secured by the Special Lien.” Istanbul Law Review, vol. 81, no. 3, 2023, pp. 675-698. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2023.81.3.0003


Vancouver

Altın Şahin H. The Issue of Whether the Special Lien is Transferred to the Assignee in Case of the Assignment of the Claim Secured by the Special Lien. Istanbul Law Review [Internet]. 11 May. 2024 [cited 11 May. 2024];81(3):675-698. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2023.81.3.0003 doi: 10.26650/mecmua.2023.81.3.0003


ISNAD

Altın Şahin, Hayrunnisa. “The Issue of Whether the Special Lien is Transferred to the Assignee in Case of the Assignment of the Claim Secured by the Special Lien”. Istanbul Law Review 81/3 (May. 2024): 675-698. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2023.81.3.0003



TIMELINE


Submitted19.06.2023
Accepted15.10.2023
Published Online19.12.2023

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