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DOI :10.26650/mecmua.2020.78.4.0009   IUP :10.26650/mecmua.2020.78.4.0009    Full Text (PDF)

Taking the Advantage of the Coercive Effects of Legal Arrangements in Shaping Public Servants’ Political Behaviors: The Case of the Hatch Act

Oktay Koç, Abdullah Kıray, Osman Abdullah Günaydın

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of legal arrangements in terms of providing neutrality for public servants, and in this essence hindering them from behaving politically. The main rationale motivating this study is basic propositions about the possible political behaviors of public servants and the necessities of avoiding such behaviors. In fact, it can be assumed that the politics-administration dichotomy has an incredibly deterministic effect in the public administration field. In this scope, some roles have mostly been given to public administrators in terms of just implementing policies and some measures have been taken for providing administrators’ political neutrality. One of the bestknown of these measures is the Hatch Act in the USA. The Hatch Act has been built as an institutional order in providing political neutrality of federal, state and local employees. In can also be expressed that several coercive measures were established for building and maintaining this order. For analysis, specific archive documents and other relevant texts were collected by using open sources (i.e. legal documents and internet resources). After collecting data, the content analysis technic was used to find apposite answers for the research questions. This study’s potential contributions are manyfold. Firstly, it defines political or partizan behaviors or activities of public servants in general and more specifically in the scope of the Hatch Act to some extent. Besides this, many issues such as the coercive effects of legal arrangements in hindering political behavior of public servants, established actors and mechanisms for this aim and produced outcomes in implementation have been put forth in detail. Along with these it also clarifies the maintenance of such institutional orders. 

Keywords: Politics-administration dichotomy, Political neutrality, Institutional arrangements, Coercive effect, The Hatch act
DOI :10.26650/mecmua.2020.78.4.0009   IUP :10.26650/mecmua.2020.78.4.0009    Full Text (PDF)

Kamu Görevlilerinin Politik Davranışlarını Biçimlendirmede Yasal Düzenlemelerin Zorlayıcı Etkilerinden Yararlanmak: Hatch Kanunu Örneği

Oktay Koç, Abdullah Kıray, Osman Abdullah Günaydın

Çalışma, kamu görevlilerinin yansızlıklarını tesis etme ve bu anlamda politik davranmalarına mani olma bakımından yasal düzenlemelerin etkilerini araştırmak üzere tasarlanmıştır. Bu çalışmayı motive eden temel gerekçe; özellikle kamu görevlilerinin partizanca hareket etmelerinin veya daha yumuşak bir ifade ile kamu görevlilerinin politik davranma eğilimlerinin ortaya çıkabilmesi ve bunlara karşı mutlaka bir tedbirin alınması gerektiğine ilişkin temel varsayımlardır. Çünkü kamu görevlilerinin, özellikle politikaları uygulama yönüyle güçlü bir yanlarının olduğu ve bu anlamda seçmenleri etkileyebilecek avantajlara sahip oldukları ileri sürülmektedir. Gerçekten de siyaset-idare ayrımının kamu yönetimi alanında oldukça belirleyici etkisi olduğu ileri sürülebilir. Bu kapsamda idarecilere çoklukla sadece politikaların uygulanması bakımından bazı rollerin verildiği ve politik açıdan yansız olmalarını sağlayacak bazı tedbirlerin alındığı bilinmektedir. Bu tedbirlerin en bilindik olanlarından biri Amerikan Hatch Kanunu’dur. Hatch Kanunu; federal, eyalet ve yerel idarelerde çalışanların, politik yansızlıklarını tesis etmede bir kurumsal düzen oluşturmuştur. Bu düzenin oluşturulması ve sürdürülmesinde birtakım zorlayıcı önlemlerin de kanunla tesis edildiği ifade edilebilir. Analiz için, belirli arşiv belgeleri ve diğer ilgili metinler açık kaynaklar (yasal belgeler ve internet kaynakları) vasıtasıyla veri olarak toplanmıştır. Veri toplandıktan sonra araştırma sorularına uygun cevapların bulunması için içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın potansiyel katkıları çok yönlüdür. Öncelikle, kamu görevlilerinin siyasi veya partizan davranışları veya faaliyetleri hem genel olarak ve hem de spesifik olarak Hatch Kanunu kapsamında tanımlanmıştır. Ayrıca kamu görevlilerinin politik davranışlarının engellenmesinde yasal düzenlemelerin zorlayıcı etkileri, bunun için oluşturulan aktör ve mekanizmalar ile uygulamada üretilen çıktılar gibi meseleler etraflı olarak ortaya konmuştur. Bunların yanı sıra, bu tür kurumsal düzenlerin sürdürülmesine de açıklık getirilmiştir.

Keywords: Siyaset-idare ayrımı, Politik yansızlık, Kurumsal düzenlemeler, Zorlayıcı etki, Hatch kanunu

EXTENDED ABSTRACT


In the case of democratic development and maturity, reformed bureaucracies may also be expected to work in a way which contains their discreetness, trustfulness, objectivity and soul of professionalism and at the same time they have to be responsive and accountable to the governments that come to power by democratic elections. Yet in the face of unsuccessful administrators in doing that, many lawmakers from various countries tend to legislate against those administrators for restraining them from behaving in a partizan way and ensuring that they are neutral in providing public services. For this aim they made some reforms and established new institutional orders. 

The current study was conducted to understand and explain the critical issues associated with the American Hatch Act, which is provided as such an institutional order, using documents that were collected by reviewing archives. The main rationale motivating such a study is basic propositions about the possible political behaviors of public servants and the necessities of avoiding such behaviors because public servants may have some powerful aspects on account of implementing public policies and in this sense they create some advantageous situations for policy makers by affecting voters. If it is really true, it would also be plausible to make some coercive legal arrangements, which are particularly effective in arranging actors’ behaviors, to guarantee public servants’ impartiality. The Hatch Act investigated in the scope of this study has been understudied to date, although it is accepted as one of the institutional arrangements that aim to make public servants neutral. With the current study, issues such as what sort of institutional order is established for American public servants, what is the main requirement for this type of order, what kind of coercive mechanisms and actors are created in this meaning, what type of implementations are created for this aim, why are some amendments in the Hatch Act realized during time and finally whether Hatch Act produce desired aims, in the scope of th eAmerican Hatch Act have been addressed in detail. To this end, we conducted a qualitative study by using the Hatch Act as a case. In doing so, this study provides some insights into the requirements of public servants’ neutrality while producing and providing public services. Furthermore it also provides some clues towards creating institutional orders, which aim to constrain first and then shape the behaviors (especially political) of public servants, by illuminating the processes of such an order from the USA. For analysis, we collected specific archive documents and other relevant texts by using open sources (i.e. legal documents and internet resources) and in some cases limited documents are provided by incumbents of the special council. After collecting data we used the content analysis technic to find apposite answers for our research questions. During this process we processed all of our data by using qualitative coding. 

This study’s potential contributions are manyfold. First it defines political or partizan behaviors or activities of public servants in general and more specifically in the scope of the Hatch Act to some extent. Secondly it illuminates and explains common socio-cultural infrastructure or background, aims and scope of institutional orders such as those created by the Hatch Act which aim to ensure public servants’ neutrality. In this way, it also paves the way for making very clear rationales of acts such as the Hatch Act. In addition to these it sheds lights on the legal processes, penalties and other implementations of the Hatch Act by providing some cases. More over, it provides concrete examples of the mechanisms and other actors aiming to facilitate and realize the implementation of the Hatch Act. Along with these it also clarifies the maintenance of such institutional orders.


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APA

Koç, O., Kıray, A., & Günaydın, O.A. (2020). Taking the Advantage of the Coercive Effects of Legal Arrangements in Shaping Public Servants’ Political Behaviors: The Case of the Hatch Act. Istanbul Law Review, 78(4), 1989-2023. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2020.78.4.0009


AMA

Koç O, Kıray A, Günaydın O A. Taking the Advantage of the Coercive Effects of Legal Arrangements in Shaping Public Servants’ Political Behaviors: The Case of the Hatch Act. Istanbul Law Review. 2020;78(4):1989-2023. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2020.78.4.0009


ABNT

Koç, O.; Kıray, A.; Günaydın, O.A. Taking the Advantage of the Coercive Effects of Legal Arrangements in Shaping Public Servants’ Political Behaviors: The Case of the Hatch Act. Istanbul Law Review, [Publisher Location], v. 78, n. 4, p. 1989-2023, 2020.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Koç, Oktay, and Abdullah Kıray and Osman Abdullah Günaydın. 2020. “Taking the Advantage of the Coercive Effects of Legal Arrangements in Shaping Public Servants’ Political Behaviors: The Case of the Hatch Act.” Istanbul Law Review 78, no. 4: 1989-2023. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2020.78.4.0009


Chicago: Humanities Style

Koç, Oktay, and Abdullah Kıray and Osman Abdullah Günaydın. “Taking the Advantage of the Coercive Effects of Legal Arrangements in Shaping Public Servants’ Political Behaviors: The Case of the Hatch Act.” Istanbul Law Review 78, no. 4 (May. 2024): 1989-2023. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2020.78.4.0009


Harvard: Australian Style

Koç, O & Kıray, A & Günaydın, OA 2020, 'Taking the Advantage of the Coercive Effects of Legal Arrangements in Shaping Public Servants’ Political Behaviors: The Case of the Hatch Act', Istanbul Law Review, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 1989-2023, viewed 9 May. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2020.78.4.0009


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Koç, O. and Kıray, A. and Günaydın, O.A. (2020) ‘Taking the Advantage of the Coercive Effects of Legal Arrangements in Shaping Public Servants’ Political Behaviors: The Case of the Hatch Act’, Istanbul Law Review, 78(4), pp. 1989-2023. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2020.78.4.0009 (9 May. 2024).


MLA

Koç, Oktay, and Abdullah Kıray and Osman Abdullah Günaydın. “Taking the Advantage of the Coercive Effects of Legal Arrangements in Shaping Public Servants’ Political Behaviors: The Case of the Hatch Act.” Istanbul Law Review, vol. 78, no. 4, 2020, pp. 1989-2023. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2020.78.4.0009


Vancouver

Koç O, Kıray A, Günaydın OA. Taking the Advantage of the Coercive Effects of Legal Arrangements in Shaping Public Servants’ Political Behaviors: The Case of the Hatch Act. Istanbul Law Review [Internet]. 9 May. 2024 [cited 9 May. 2024];78(4):1989-2023. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2020.78.4.0009 doi: 10.26650/mecmua.2020.78.4.0009


ISNAD

Koç, Oktay - Kıray, Abdullah - Günaydın, OsmanAbdullah. “Taking the Advantage of the Coercive Effects of Legal Arrangements in Shaping Public Servants’ Political Behaviors: The Case of the Hatch Act”. Istanbul Law Review 78/4 (May. 2024): 1989-2023. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2020.78.4.0009



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Submitted18.02.2020
Accepted21.01.2021
Published Online16.02.2021

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