The International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Maintanence Claims According to The 2007 Hague Convention
In the international recovery of maintenance claims, due to the fact that the creditors of maintenance have not been able to obtain their claims or they are delayed in obtaining them, they started to seek solutions in order to overcome these difficulties. In the search for solutions, it is aimed to bring the international recovery of maintenance claims in accordance with the technological developments, the cost-effective, effective and fast maintenance recovery system. In this sense, an important convention was signed in 2007 in Hague International Private Law Conference on the international recovery of maintenance. The name of the convention is “Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance”. Turkey became party to this Convention in 2016, however entered into force on February 1, 2017. The Convention replaces previous agreements on maintenance and has introduced a number of innovations about the recognition and enforcement of maintenance decisions given by the foreign state and the recovery of foreign maintenance claims. In our study, we will evaluate the new features of it and investigate whether the convention is sufficient to realize its objectives and all the issues in the convention will be examined in detail.
2007 Tarihli La Haye Sözleşmesine İstinaden Çocuk Nafakası ile Diğer Nafaka Çeşitlerinden Doğan Nafaka Alacağının Milletlerarası Tahsili
Nafaka alacaklarının milletlerarası tahsilinde nafaka alacaklılarının alacaklarını elde edemeyişleri ya da elde etmede gecikmeleri sebebiyle bir takım zorluklar yaşanmaktayken bu zorlukları gidermek için çözüm arayışlarına başlanmıştır. Çözüm arayışlarında nafaka alacaklarının milletlerarası tahsilinin teknolojik gelişmelere uyumlu, maliyeti uygun olan, etkin ve hızlı bir nafaka tahsil sistemi getirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu anlamda 2007 yılında La Haye uluslararası özel hukuk konferansında milletlerarası nafakanın tahsili hakkında önemli bir sözleşme akdedilmiştir. Bu sözleşme; “Çocuk Nafakası ve Diğer Nafaka Türlerinin Uluslararası Tahsiline İlişkin 2007 tarihli La Haye Sözleşmesi” dir. Çocuk Nafakası ve Diğer Nafaka Türlerinin Uluslararası Tahsiline İlişkin 2007 tarihli La Haye Sözleşmesine Türkiye 2016 yılında taraf olmuş, sözleşme Türkiye açısından 1 Şubat 2017 tarihinde yürürlüğe girmiştir. Sözleşme, nafakaya ilişkin önceki sözleşmelerin yerine geçmiş, yabancı devlet tarafından verilen nafaka kararlarının tanınması ve tenfizi ile yabancı nafaka alacaklarının tahsili hakkında birtakım yenilikler getirmiştir. Çalışmamızda yenilikler değerlendirilerek Sözleşmenin hedeflerini gerçekleştirmeye yeterli olup olmadığı üzerinde durulacak ve Sözleşmede düzenlenen tüm hususlar ayrıntılı olarak incelenecektir.
The Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Family Maintenance is a contract between the States Parties that responds to the settlement of maitenance-related problems, is accessible, fast, low-cost, efficient, fair and effective to ensure the effective communication. In line with these objectives, it is a contract that regulates the recognition and enforcement of the maintenance decisions primarily by taking into consideration the best interests of the children. The 2007 Hague Recovery Convention aimed to establish an effective international administrative cooperation system in the recovery of maintenance under the convention. The 2007 Hague Recovery Convention is an administrative cooperation and an enforcement convention. According to the provisions of the Convention, implementation of reciprocity between the Contracting States shall apply. So this convention is not a loi uniforme / erga omnes quality convention. The Convention was established to replace the 1958 and 1973 dated Hague Convention both the 1956 New York Convention. With the 2007 Hague Recovery Convention from “sender” and “intermediary” authorities in the 1956 New York Convention were abandoned and the central authority system was adopted. Turkey has designated as the central authority was Ministry of Justice External Relations and the European Union General Directorate. The Convention also imposes an obligation to provide free legal assistance to children under the age of 21 in applications for child support. Unlike the other Hague convention, the system of enforcing maintenance decisions is regulated according to the law of the state which is requested for the first time. The convention firstly includes child support and spouses maintenance. The maintenance between the brothers, the maintenance demanded from the children of the parents and maintenance arising from kinship by marriage are excluded from the scope of the convention as a rule. In order for these types of maintenance to be covered by the Convention, States parties are required to make declarations in respect of the same maintenance obligations. In accordance with the provisions of the Convention, the 2007 Hague Recovery Convention will be applied on the disagreement arising between the 1956 New York Convention and the 2007 Hague Recovery Convention. Again, in accordance with Article 48 of the 2007 Hague Recovery Convention, in the cases covered by the 1973 Convention and the issues of the 2007 Hague Covention, the 1973 Hague Convention will be disabled. The same applies to the 1958 Hague Convention. Turkey has expanded the scope of the Convention about the maintenance for children up to the age of 25. Also in terms of all the Convention, Turkey has declared that include spouse maintenance, children with mental or physical disabilities and mother / father in need of nursing maintenance the scope of the convention. Turkey, while the State party, also declared that adopting Article 24 of the regulation as an alternative method of recognition and enforcement procedures in the convention.
