Research Article


DOI :10.26650/YTA2025-1575845   IUP :10.26650/YTA2025-1575845    Full Text (PDF)

A British Woman Agent in Mesopotamia: Gertrude Bell and her Historical Role

Cemile ŞahinNejla Doğan

Iraq’s rich petroleum reserves, control over trade routes, and vast agricultural lands suitable for cultivation have drawn the attention of imperialist powers to the region. Due to its commercial and political interests in the Middle East, Britain sought to maintain its presence in the area and established direct contact with Arab tribes and clans that were dissatisfied with the Ottoman Empire. One of the methods employed in this process was the use of intelligence activities carried out by agents working under the guise of missionaries, archaeologists, and travelers. Among the most notable of these figures is Gertrude Bell (1868–1926), known as the “Queen of the Desert.” The British Empire aimed to thoroughly study the geography of Iraq, which lay along its colonial routes, through intelligence specialists in order to shape policies that would strengthen its position. Gertrude Bell attempted to map out the tribes and clans of the Arab world, identifying their characteristics and working to persuade local powers to side with Britain against the Turks. Her efforts can be traced through over 1,600 letters written between 1874 and 1926 and diaries kept between 1877 and 1919, which are preserved in the Gertrude Bell Archive at Newcastle University. Starting from the early 1900s, her travels throughout the Arab region focused on demographic structures, political dynamics, and sectarian divisions. She provided valuable intelligence regarding the regional strategic importance of various tribes. Furthermore, she analyzed sectarian and ethnic structures, striving to determine the relationships between the tribes, central authorities, and foreign actors.

DOI :10.26650/YTA2025-1575845   IUP :10.26650/YTA2025-1575845    Full Text (PDF)

Mezopotamya’da Bir İngiliz Kadın Ajanı: Gertrude Bell ve Tarihsel Rolü

Cemile ŞahinNejla Doğan

Irak’ın zengin petrol rezervleri, ticaret yollarına hâkimiyeti ve tarıma elverişli geniş zirai alanları emperyalist devletlerin bu bölgeye yoğunlaşmasına neden olmuştur. Ortadoğu’daki ticari ve siyasi menfaatleri nedeniyle bölgedeki varlığını daim kılmak isteyen İngiltere, Osmanlı Devleti’nden hoşnut olmayan Arap kabileleri ve aşiretleriyle doğrudan irtibata geçmiştir. Bu süreçte kullanmış olduğu yöntemlerden birisi de misyoner, arkeolog ve seyyah gibi ünvanlarla çalışan ajanları vasıtasıyla bölgede yürütülen istihbarat faaliyetleridir. “Çöl Kraliçesi” namıyla ünlenen Gertrude Bell (1868-1926) bu isimlerin başında gelmektedir. İngiltere, sömürge yolları üzerinde bulunan Irak coğrafyasını istihbarat uzmanları vasıtasıyla detaylı bir şekilde etüt ederek, kendi konumunu güçlendirici bir siyaset tayinine çabalamıştır. Gertrude Bell, Arap coğrafyasındaki kabile ve aşiretlerin haritalarını ve özelliklerini belirleyerek, yerel güçleri Türklere karşı İngiltere’nin yanında yer almaya ikna etmeye çalışmıştır. Newcastle Üniversitesi’ndeki Gertrude Bell Archive’da 1874-1926 yılları arasında yazılmış 1600 mektubundan ve 1877-1919 yılları arasında yazılmış günlüklerinden onun bu çalışmalarını takip etmek mümkündür. 1900’lü yılların başlarından itibaren Arap bölgesinde gerçekleştirdiği seyahatlerde demografik yapı, siyasal dinamikler ve mezhepsel ayrımlara odaklanmış; aşiretlerin bölgesel stratejik önemi hakkında değerli istihbarat bilgileri sağlamıştır. Ayrıca, mezhepsel ve etnik yapıyı analiz ederek, kabilelerin birbirleriyle, merkezi yönetimle ve yabancılarla olan ilişkilerini tespit etmek için çaba göstermiştir.


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APA

Şahin, C., & Doğan, N. (2025). A British Woman Agent in Mesopotamia: Gertrude Bell and her Historical Role. Recent Period Turkish Studies, 0(47), 88-98. https://doi.org/10.26650/YTA2025-1575845


AMA

Şahin C, Doğan N. A British Woman Agent in Mesopotamia: Gertrude Bell and her Historical Role. Recent Period Turkish Studies. 2025;0(47):88-98. https://doi.org/10.26650/YTA2025-1575845


ABNT

Şahin, C.; Doğan, N. A British Woman Agent in Mesopotamia: Gertrude Bell and her Historical Role. Recent Period Turkish Studies, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 47, p. 88-98, 2025.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Şahin, Cemile, and Nejla Doğan. 2025. “A British Woman Agent in Mesopotamia: Gertrude Bell and her Historical Role.” Recent Period Turkish Studies 0, no. 47: 88-98. https://doi.org/10.26650/YTA2025-1575845


Chicago: Humanities Style

Şahin, Cemile, and Nejla Doğan. A British Woman Agent in Mesopotamia: Gertrude Bell and her Historical Role.” Recent Period Turkish Studies 0, no. 47 (Sep. 2025): 88-98. https://doi.org/10.26650/YTA2025-1575845


Harvard: Australian Style

Şahin, C & Doğan, N 2025, 'A British Woman Agent in Mesopotamia: Gertrude Bell and her Historical Role', Recent Period Turkish Studies, vol. 0, no. 47, pp. 88-98, viewed 6 Sep. 2025, https://doi.org/10.26650/YTA2025-1575845


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Şahin, C. and Doğan, N. (2025) ‘A British Woman Agent in Mesopotamia: Gertrude Bell and her Historical Role’, Recent Period Turkish Studies, 0(47), pp. 88-98. https://doi.org/10.26650/YTA2025-1575845 (6 Sep. 2025).


MLA

Şahin, Cemile, and Nejla Doğan. A British Woman Agent in Mesopotamia: Gertrude Bell and her Historical Role.” Recent Period Turkish Studies, vol. 0, no. 47, 2025, pp. 88-98. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/YTA2025-1575845


Vancouver

Şahin C, Doğan N. A British Woman Agent in Mesopotamia: Gertrude Bell and her Historical Role. Recent Period Turkish Studies [Internet]. 6 Sep. 2025 [cited 6 Sep. 2025];0(47):88-98. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/YTA2025-1575845 doi: 10.26650/YTA2025-1575845


ISNAD

Şahin, Cemile - Doğan, Nejla. A British Woman Agent in Mesopotamia: Gertrude Bell and her Historical Role”. Recent Period Turkish Studies 0/47 (Sep. 2025): 88-98. https://doi.org/10.26650/YTA2025-1575845



TIMELINE


Submitted29.10.2024
Accepted17.04.2025
Published Online26.06.2025

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