Studies in Psychology

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DOI :10.26650/SP2019-0016   IUP :10.26650/SP2019-0016    Full Text (PDF)

Remember/Know and Modality Effects in a Forced-Choice Test of False Memory

Gökhan Şahin, Hasan Gürkan Tekman

The main aim of this study was to observe the sensitivity for discriminating old and new words for three word types (critical, related, unrelated) in Deese- Roediger-McDermott (DRM) lists. With this aim, for all three kinds of DRM paradigm word types we paired one presented word on study phase against one word that was not presented in each trial in a two-alternative forced choice test. We tried to answer three questions related to false positive responses in the DRM paradigm: First, do false positives stem from a response bias or do the participants have lower sensitivity to distinguish nonstudied from studied words? We used a forced-choice recognition task in order to isolate the effect of sensitivity. Second, is a potential reduction in sensitivity related to recollection or familiarity? We asked participants to classify their responses as “remember”, “know”, or “guess” in order to explore this issue. Third, is there a difference in sensitivity for prior study in auditory and visual list learning tasks and their distribution into the three kinds of recognition responses? For the first question of the study as a result of the research we observed lower sensitivity for the critical words of the DRM lists than words in unrelated lists. When the findings they classified in terms of recognition memory were examined, it was observed that remember responses clearly differentiated for the three types of words. It was an answer for the second question of the study that sensitivity reduction was related with recollection more than familiarity. Modality did not make a difference in any measure.
Keywords: False memory, DRM paradigm, signal detection theory, remember/ know
DOI :10.26650/SP2019-0016   IUP :10.26650/SP2019-0016    Full Text (PDF)

Sahte Hatıralarda Zorunlu Seçim Yöntemi ile Hatırlıyorum/ Biliyorum ve Modalite Etkileri

Gökhan Şahin, Hasan Gürkan Tekman

Araştırmanın temel amacı Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) yöntemiyle ortaya çıkan sahte hatıralarda eski ve yeni kelimeler üzerindeki duyarlılığın etkisinin gözlemlenmesi ve yanıt yanlılığı dışarıda bırakılarak DRM listelerindeki kelime türleri üzerinden duyarlılık etkilerinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesidir. Bu amaçla DRM paradigmasında iki alternatifli zorunlu seçim yöntemi yardımı ile üç kelime türünün (kritik, ilişkili, ilişkisiz) gerçekten çalışılmış ve gerçekte çalışılmamış çiftleri eşleştirilmiştir. Bu sayede DRM görevlerinde gözlenen yanlış pozitif cevaplarla ilgili üç soruya cevap vermeye çalışılmıştır: Birinci soru, yanlış pozitif yanıtlar bir yanıt yanlılığından mı kaynaklanıyor yoksa katılımcılar çalıştıkları sözcükleri ayırt etmekte daha az bir duyarlılığa sahip olduklarından, yani kelimelerin kendilerine gerçekten sunulup sunulmadığını ayırt edemediklerinden dolayı mı hata yapmaktadır? Yanıtlardaki yanlılık etkileri dışarıda bırakılarak, duyarlılığın etkisini izole etmek için test aşamasında evet-hayır testi yerine iki alternatifli zorunlu seçim tanıma görevi kullanılmıştır. İkinci soru, duyarlılıktaki potansiyel bir azalma, tanıma belleğinin anımsama mı yoksa aşinalık bileşeni ile mi ilişkilidir? Bu konuyu araştırmak için katılımcılardan yanıtlarını “hatırlıyorum”, “biliyorum” veya “tahmin ediyorum” şeklinde sınıflandırmaları istenmiştir. Üçüncü ve son soru ise, listeleri işitsel veya görsel modalitede öğrenme görevlerinde, çalışılan kelimelere karşı duyarlılıklarında ve bunların üç tür tanıma yanıtına dağılımı arasında bir fark var mıdır? Çalışmanın birinci sorusuna yanıt olarak araştırma sonucunda katılımcıların, DRM listelerinin kelime türlerinden kritik kelimeler için ilişkisiz listelerdeki kelimelerden daha düşük duyarlılıkları olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci sorusuyla ilgili olarak verdikleri yanıtlarını tanıma belleği açısından sınıfladıkları bulgular incelendiğinde hatırlıyorum yanıtlarının üç kelime türü için açık şekilde farklılık gösterdiği gözlenmiştir. Duyarlılıktaki azalmanın aşinalıktansa anımsama ile ilgili olduğu görülmüştür. Görsel ve işitsel modalite arasında herhangi bir ölçümde anlamlı bir fark olmadığı görülmüştür.
Keywords: Sahte hatıralar, DRM listeleri, sinyal denetleme teorisi, hatırlıyorum/biliyorum

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APA

Şahin, G., & Tekman, H. (2019). Remember/Know and Modality Effects in a Forced-Choice Test of False Memory. Studies in Psychology, 39(1), 179-193. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2019-0016


AMA

Şahin G, Tekman H. Remember/Know and Modality Effects in a Forced-Choice Test of False Memory. Studies in Psychology. 2019;39(1):179-193. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2019-0016


ABNT

Şahin, G.; Tekman, H. Remember/Know and Modality Effects in a Forced-Choice Test of False Memory. Studies in Psychology, [Publisher Location], v. 39, n. 1, p. 179-193, 2019.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Şahin, Gökhan, and Hasan Gürkan Tekman. 2019. “Remember/Know and Modality Effects in a Forced-Choice Test of False Memory.” Studies in Psychology 39, no. 1: 179-193. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2019-0016


Chicago: Humanities Style

Şahin, Gökhan, and Hasan Gürkan Tekman. “Remember/Know and Modality Effects in a Forced-Choice Test of False Memory.” Studies in Psychology 39, no. 1 (Jun. 2024): 179-193. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2019-0016


Harvard: Australian Style

Şahin, G & Tekman, H 2019, 'Remember/Know and Modality Effects in a Forced-Choice Test of False Memory', Studies in Psychology, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 179-193, viewed 26 Jun. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2019-0016


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Şahin, G. and Tekman, H. (2019) ‘Remember/Know and Modality Effects in a Forced-Choice Test of False Memory’, Studies in Psychology, 39(1), pp. 179-193. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2019-0016 (26 Jun. 2024).


MLA

Şahin, Gökhan, and Hasan Gürkan Tekman. “Remember/Know and Modality Effects in a Forced-Choice Test of False Memory.” Studies in Psychology, vol. 39, no. 1, 2019, pp. 179-193. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2019-0016


Vancouver

Şahin G, Tekman H. Remember/Know and Modality Effects in a Forced-Choice Test of False Memory. Studies in Psychology [Internet]. 26 Jun. 2024 [cited 26 Jun. 2024];39(1):179-193. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2019-0016 doi: 10.26650/SP2019-0016


ISNAD

Şahin, Gökhan - Tekman, Hasan Gürkan. “Remember/Know and Modality Effects in a Forced-Choice Test of False Memory”. Studies in Psychology 39/1 (Jun. 2024): 179-193. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2019-0016



TIMELINE


Submitted19.02.2019
First Revision24.04.2019
Last Revision03.05.2019
Accepted13.06.2019
Published Online26.06.2019

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