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DOI :10.26650/SP2018-0013   IUP :10.26650/SP2018-0013    Full Text (PDF)

Examining the Effect of Extraversion, Frequency of Social Networks Use, and Gender on Problematic Use of Social Network among University Students

Ahmet Kesici

Problematic social network use is a trouble about a person’s failure at self-control over the impulse to join social networks or resisting that impulse. This trouble leads to social, psychological, and physiological problems. The present study was conducted in order to assess the effects of extraversion, frequency of social network use, and gender on problematic use of social networks among university students. A hundred and fifty-eight students studying at a state university in the spring term of 2017-2018 academic year participated in the study. The Scale for Problematic Use of Social Network, extraversion dimension of the Five Factor Inventory, and the Scale for Frequency of Social Network Use were employed in gathering the data. According to the results of multiple linear regression analysis, the model comprising of extraversion, frequency of social network use, and gender explains significantly 6.4% of problematic use of social networks. Thus, it was detected that the frequency of social network use is a significant predictor to problematic use of social networks. However, it was found that neither extraversion nor gender is a significant predictor to problematic use of social networks. It was also found that the frequency of problematic social network use had less impact than expected on social network use; therefore, it can be said that there are some other factors affecting problematic social network use. Furthermore, it was found that the gender is not a risk factor on problematic social network use. Although there is a slight positive correlation between extraversion and problematic social network use, extraversion does not have a significant effect on problematic social network use. This result was that extroverts use social network due to the fear of missing important events, but they prefer face-to-face communication to satisfy their social desires.
Keywords: Extraversion, social networks, problematic use of social network, digital addiction
DOI :10.26650/SP2018-0013   IUP :10.26650/SP2018-0013    Full Text (PDF)

Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Dışadönüklük, Sosyal Ağları Kullanma Sıklığı ve Cinsiyetin Problemli Sosyal Ağ Kullanımına Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Ahmet Kesici

Problemli sosyal ağ kullanımı, kişinin sosyal ağlara katılma güdüsüne karşı kendini kontrol edememesi ile ilgili bir sorundur. Bu sorun, kişide sosyal, psikolojik ve fizyolojik rahatsızlıkların yaşanmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma; dışadönüklük, sosyal ağları kullanma sıklığı ve cinsiyetin üniversite öğrencileri arasında problemli sosyal ağ kullanımına etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya 2017 - 2018 öğretim yılı bahar döneminde bir devlet üniversitesinde okuyan 258 öğrenci katılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında Problemli Sosyal Ağ Kullanım Ölçeği, Beş Faktör Envanteri’nin dışadönüklük faktörü ve Sosyal Ağları Kullanma Sıklığı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre dışadönüklük, sosyal ağları kullanma sıklığı ve cinsiyetten oluşan model, problemli sosyal ağ kullanımındaki değişimin %6.4’ünü anlamlı olarak açıklamıştır. Araştırmada sosyal ağları kullanma sıklığının problemli sosyal ağ kullanımında anlamlı bir yordayıcı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna karşın, dışadönüklük ile cinsiyetin, üniversite öğrencilerinde problemli sosyal ağ kullanımının anlamlı yordayıcıları olmadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara dayalı olarak sosyal ağları kullanma sıklığının problemli sosyal ağ kullanımı üzerinde beklenenden daha düşük düzeyde bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla problemli sosyal ağ kullanımı üzerinde kullanım sıklığı dışında başka faktörlerin de etkili olduğu söylenebilir. Ayrıca üniversite öğrencilerinde cinsiyetin problemli sosyal ağ kullanımı açısından bir risk faktörü olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada dışadönüklük ile sosyal ağları kullanma sıklığı arasında pozitif yönde, düşük düzeyde ve anlamlı bir ilişki olmasına rağmen dışadönüklüğün problemli sosyal ağ kullanımı üzerinde etkili olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuç; dışadönüklerin merak ve heyecan verici gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu gibi kişilik özellikleri nedeniyle sosyal ağları amaçları doğrultusunda sık kullandıkları ancak sosyal doyum sağlamak için yüz yüze etkileşimi tercih ettikleri şeklinde değerlendirilmiştir.
Keywords: Dışadönüklük, sosyal ağlar, problemli sosyal ağ kullanımı, dijital bağımlılık

EXTENDED ABSTRACT


Social networks are today used widely by university students. Overuse of social networks results in social, psychological, and mental problems. This trouble is defined as problematic use of social network. Problematic use of social network is related to a person’s failure at self-control over the impulse to join social networks and to resist the impulse to join social networks. The present study was carried out in order to examine the effect of extraversion, frequency of social network use, and gender on problematic use of social network among university students. 

Method

Participants

The data for this study were composed of 258 persons studying at a state university in the spring term of 2017-2018 academic years. The data was collected from the students of various faculties so as to ensure the variety of data. 

Measures

Scale for Problematic Use of Social Network. In the research, the students’ level of problematic use of social network was determined by the Scale for Problematic Use of Social Network (SPUSN). SPUSN was developed by adapting the items of the Game Addiction Scale, which was introduced by Lemmens, Valkenburg and Peter (2009) to establish internet gaming disorders and translated into Turkish by Irmak and Erdoğan (2015), to social network use. SPUSN is seven-item, one dimensional, and five-point Likert type. The scale explains 50.32% of variance. Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale is .79. 

Extraversion Sub-Dimension of the Big Five Inventory. In the research, the extraversion of students was identified by 8-item extraversion sub-dimension of 44-item The Big Five Inventory developed by Benet-Martinez and John in 1998 under the title of The Big Five Inventory. The scale is a five-point Likert type. The Big Five Inventory was adapted into Turkish within the study to determine the self-identification profiles of people in 56 countries (Schmitt, Allik, McCrae, & Benet-Martinez, 2007). In the present research study, the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of extraversion sub-dimension was calculated as .76. 

The Scale for Frequency of Social Network Use. In the research study, the students’ frequency of social network use was established through The Scale for Frequency of Social Network Use developed by the researcher. The scale is five-point Likert type and onedimensional. It explicates 32.77% of variance. Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was calculated as .77. 

Results

Regarding the multiple linear regression analysis, the model comprising of extraversion, frequency of social network use, and gender explains significantly 6.4% of problematic use of social network. Accordingly, the frequency of social network use is expectedly a significant predictor for problematic use of social network. It was revealed that extraversion and gender are not significant predictors for problematic use of social network. The regression equation obtained from the multiple regression analysis is such that: Problematic Use of Social Network=1.54 + (.31) x Frequency of Social Network Use - (.04) x Extraversion + (.03) x Gender (1=Male; 0=Female)

Discussion

Extravert students are social, lively, cheerful, dominant, assertive, and interested in others (Aydoğmuş, 2011; Costa & McCrae, 1995; Tatlılıoğlu, 2014). It can be claimed that these traits lead social people to prefer face to face interactions to virtual ones. Therefore, it can be stated that extrovert personality traits impedes problematic use of social networks. In the research, it was found that gender is not a significant predictor for problematic use of social networks. It is speculated that this state springs from the fact that social network use is intermittently sustainable in contrast to internet games, and responsibilities of university students is similar with regard to gender. Thus, problematic use of digital devices should be individually investigated based on digital device and application. 

It was discovered in the research that there is positive, slight, and statistically significant correlation between extraversion and frequency of social network use. This result is striking because no significant association was established between extraversion and problematic use of social networks. This situation can be elucidated by the sensitivity of social students to others (Aydoğmuş, 2011; Costa & McCrae, 1995; Tatlılıoğlu, 2014). Accordingly, social individuals use social networks more frequently due to their fear of missing what is going on around them. Furthermore, this situation can be explained by moral panic. Moral panic is defined as the social reaction to any person, event, and situation which is against common values and interests (Akdemir, 2016; Macintosh, 2008; Marwick, 2008; McRobbie & Thorntom, 1995; Yıldız & Sümer, 2010). Moral panic reactions arising over nationalism, violence to woman, child abuse, and other issues may be another reason for students to use social networks more frequently. This topic should be investigated by different models to explain problematic use of social network based on the findings of the present study. Moreover, students should be informed about the harms resulting from overuse of social networks. It can be claimed that what harms emanate from problematic use of social networks within the context of right use of digital devices should be inserted into pre-university curriculum.


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APA

Kesici, A. (2019). Examining the Effect of Extraversion, Frequency of Social Networks Use, and Gender on Problematic Use of Social Network among University Students. Studies in Psychology, 39(1), 23-44. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2018-0013


AMA

Kesici A. Examining the Effect of Extraversion, Frequency of Social Networks Use, and Gender on Problematic Use of Social Network among University Students. Studies in Psychology. 2019;39(1):23-44. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2018-0013


ABNT

Kesici, A. Examining the Effect of Extraversion, Frequency of Social Networks Use, and Gender on Problematic Use of Social Network among University Students. Studies in Psychology, [Publisher Location], v. 39, n. 1, p. 23-44, 2019.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Kesici, Ahmet,. 2019. “Examining the Effect of Extraversion, Frequency of Social Networks Use, and Gender on Problematic Use of Social Network among University Students.” Studies in Psychology 39, no. 1: 23-44. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2018-0013


Chicago: Humanities Style

Kesici, Ahmet,. “Examining the Effect of Extraversion, Frequency of Social Networks Use, and Gender on Problematic Use of Social Network among University Students.” Studies in Psychology 39, no. 1 (Jun. 2024): 23-44. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2018-0013


Harvard: Australian Style

Kesici, A 2019, 'Examining the Effect of Extraversion, Frequency of Social Networks Use, and Gender on Problematic Use of Social Network among University Students', Studies in Psychology, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 23-44, viewed 26 Jun. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2018-0013


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Kesici, A. (2019) ‘Examining the Effect of Extraversion, Frequency of Social Networks Use, and Gender on Problematic Use of Social Network among University Students’, Studies in Psychology, 39(1), pp. 23-44. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2018-0013 (26 Jun. 2024).


MLA

Kesici, Ahmet,. “Examining the Effect of Extraversion, Frequency of Social Networks Use, and Gender on Problematic Use of Social Network among University Students.” Studies in Psychology, vol. 39, no. 1, 2019, pp. 23-44. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2018-0013


Vancouver

Kesici A. Examining the Effect of Extraversion, Frequency of Social Networks Use, and Gender on Problematic Use of Social Network among University Students. Studies in Psychology [Internet]. 26 Jun. 2024 [cited 26 Jun. 2024];39(1):23-44. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2018-0013 doi: 10.26650/SP2018-0013


ISNAD

Kesici, Ahmet. “Examining the Effect of Extraversion, Frequency of Social Networks Use, and Gender on Problematic Use of Social Network among University Students”. Studies in Psychology 39/1 (Jun. 2024): 23-44. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2018-0013



TIMELINE


Submitted14.08.2018
First Revision23.10.2018
Last Revision10.03.2019
Accepted19.03.2019
Published Online06.05.2019

LICENCE


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