Akademik Yayıncılık İçin Bir Tehdit: Yağmacı Dergiler ve Yayıncılar
Fatih CanataGünümüzde bilim insanlarının performanslarının yayın sayısıyla ölçülmesi sonucunda ortaya çıkan “yayımla ya da yok ol” (publish or perish) kültürü, akademisyenleri baskı altına almıştır. Bu baskı akademide etik dışı uygulamaların ve bir sektör haline gelen yağmacı dergilerin/yayıncıların (predatory journals/publishers) ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Akademik yükseltme ve teşvikler, bilimsel ödüller, rekabet, puan toplamak, farkındalık eksikliği gibi nedenlerle sayıları gün geçtikçe artan yağmacı dergilerin akademiye verdiği zararlar uluslararası çalışmalarda da ele alınmıştır. Literatür incelemesi yöntemiyle yapılan bu çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası ve ulusal literatürde son yıllarda tartışılan yağmacı dergiler/yayıncılar konusunu çeşitli yönleriyle ele almak fe bu fenomene yol açan etkenleri tartışmaktır. Altın (gold) açık erişim modelini kullanan yağmacı dergiler/yayıncılar, minimum düzeyde veya hiç olmayan akran değerlendirmesi (peer review) vaadiyle akademik yayıncılığın itibarına ve bilimsel birikime zarar vermektedir. Temel motivasyonları para kazanmak olan yağmacı yayıncılara yapılan yayın başvurularının çoğu, kısa sürede kabul edilmekte, yazarlar ödeme yaptıktan sonra makaleleri dijital ortamda hızlıca yayımlanmaktadır. Yağmacı dergiler çoğunlukla gelişmekte olan ülkelerde faaliyetlerini sürdürmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar, bu tür yayınları yapan akademisyenlerin farkındalık eksikliğinden dolayı daha çok genç araştırmacılardan oluştuğunu, bununla birlikte teşvik ve atama ölçütlerinin birçok akademisyeni bu yayınlara özendirdiğini, bu araştırmacıların ise özellikle Hindistan, Nijerya ve Türkiye’den olduğunu saptamıştır.
A Threat to Academic Publishing: Predatory Journals and Publishers
Fatih CanataToday, the “publish or perish” culture that has evolved from measuring the performance of scientists by the number of publications they produce puts pressure on academics. This pressure has led to the rise of unethical practices in academia and predatory journals/publishers that have become an industry. International studies discuss how predatory journals, whose number is increasing day by day due to academic promotion, academic incentive policies, science awards, competition and lack of awareness, etc., are destroying science. The aim of this study is to adress, based on a literature review, the problem of predatory journals/publishers, which has been discussed in the international and national literature in the last decade, from different aspects and to discuss the factors that lead to this phenomenon. Predatory journals/ publishers use golden open access publishing methods with the promise of so-called “peer review” damaging both the reputation of academic publishing and the accumulation of scientific knowledge through these unqualified studies. Papers submitted to predatory publishers, whose main motivation is to make money, are accepted within a very short time and quickly published in the digital environment after the authors complete the payment process. The predatory journals and publishers are mainly active in developing countries. From the studies, it is found that especially young researchers publish in these predatory journals and publishers because they are not aware of it. In addition, many researchers are encouraged by publication incentive policies and promotion criteria to participate in such publications. It was also found that researchers involved in such publications are particularly from India, Nigeria, and Turkey.
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