BÖLÜM


DOI :10.26650/B/AA9PS34.2024.006.005   IUP :10.26650/B/AA9PS34.2024.006.005    Tam Metin (PDF)

From the Cave to the Canvas “Keeping the Ancient Art of Rogan Silk Painting Alive”

Tom Corcoran

The Bamiyan Valley’s cultural landscape and archaeological sites are a testament to Buddhism’s artistic and religious evolution. The Bamiyan valley marked the most westerly point of Buddhist expansion and was once a crucial hub for travellers and trade. Its caves are home to the earliest known oil paintings dating to 650 CE, where scientists also documented traces of resins and numerous ochres, just as one would find in any modern-day artist’s studio. While the Monks of these art studios applied their oil paints to the walls, this period was also the peak of the Silk Road trade and no doubt there was significant artistic experimentation with oils on textiles such as silk. Evidence of the expansion of oil painting can be found nearby within the Afridi tribal arts. The Afridi are the oldest Pashtun tribe in the region, and they have occupied the mountainous areas straddling Afghanistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, long before the arrival of Islam. Their oil painting technique is referred to as “Rogan Silk Painting” (‘Rogan’ is the Persian word for ‘Oil’). They were once well known in the marketplace for their artistic oil-based block-printed Afridi Lac Cloth. While the Afridi no longer practice this tribal art, the technique remains in the region with one local family of Rajput descent from the old Silk Roads city of Peshawar. The Ahmad family has a long history of working as Rogan Silk Painters. As artists of old, they travelled widely, painting only the best textiles across this region of South Asia. Rogan painting spread as far east as Gujerat, India, where the Khatri family today continue to produce handmade and printed Rogan Islamic-style art. The Khatri family trace their Rogan heritage back around four hundred years. Today, Rogan art has been revived in India. Yet, in Pakistan, Fayyaz Ahmad is finding it much more challenging to keep this fading art alive. Although his art has gained some international interest, the Rogan painting technique is yet to be fully recognised and preserved in Pakistan. Rogan painting offers a new chapter in the history of oil painting through the journey from the cave to the canvas.



Referanslar

  • Aafreedi, N. J. Claimants of Israelite Descent in South Asia. The Journal of Indo-Judaic Studies, 97. google scholar
  • Ahmad Fayyaz (2019). Rogan Silk Painting, artisan interview, Peshawar city Pakistan. Corcoran, Tom Ethnog-raphic PhD research Birmingham University United Kingdom. google scholar
  • Ahmad Riaz (2019). Rogan Silk Painting artisan interview Peshawar city Pakistan. Corcoran, Tom. Ethnographic PhD research Birmingham University United Kingdom. google scholar
  • Ahmad Riaz (2022). Rogan Silk Painting artisan interview Peshawar city Pakistan. Corcoran, Tom. Ethnographic PhD research Birmingham University United Kingdom. google scholar
  • Anderson JA. (2009). China’s Southwestern Silk Road in World History By: James A. Anderson, “China’s Southwestern Silk Road in World History,” World History Connected http://worldhistoryconnected.press. illinois.edu/6.1/anderson.html google scholar
  • Baltsavias, Emmanuel P; Gruen, Armin; Gool, Luc Van; Baltsavias, Manos ; Pateraki, Maria., (2006). Recording, Modeling and Visualization of Cultural Heritage: Proceedings of the International Workshop, Centro Stefano Franscini, Monte Verita, Ascona, Switzerland, May 22-27, 2005. Netherlands, Taylor & Francis, 2006. google scholar
  • Bijan Omrani (2013) The Buddhas of Bamiyan, Asian Affairs, 44:1, 120-121. google scholar
  • Brotton, J. (2002);, The Renaissance bazaar: from the Silk Road to Michelangelo, Oxford University Press, Oxford. google scholar
  • Brotton, Jerry, (2006) ‘Rewriting the Renaissance’ The Renaissance: A Very Short Introduction google scholar
  • Caroe Sir Olaf (2003) The Pathans - 550 BC - AD 1957, 1958, Macmillan Company, Reprinted Oxford Uni-versity Press google scholar
  • Dukpa, (2002). Presentation made at the course on Preservation and Restoration of wooden structures in Nara. Elisseeff, V. (2000). The Silk Roads; highways of culture and commerce, Berghahn Books, New York, Paris. Elkins, J. (2004). What painting is. Routledge. google scholar
  • Encyclopaedia Britannica: Gandara, (2022) Available online at: https://web.archive.org/web/20070929225502/ http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9035986/Gandhara google scholar
  • Frankopan, P. (2015). The Silk Roads: A New History of the World. PPN237185245. Published by Bloomsbury. google scholar
  • Hashmi, S. Q., Sarfraz, S., & Naeem, S. (2022). Hand Block Printing: The Ancient Craft of South Asia. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 3(2), 38-47. google scholar
  • HCAS (2012). Remembering the Bamiyan Buddhas. Himalayan and Central Asian Studies, 16(2), 102-107. google scholar
  • Higuchi, T., & Barnes, G. (1995). Bamiyan: Buddhist Cave Temples in Afghanistan. World Archaeology, 27(2), 282-302. http://www.jstor.org/stable/125086 google scholar
  • Holdich, T. H. (1899). “Swatis and Afridis.” The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 29, no. 1/2, 1899, pp. 2-9. JSTOR. google scholar
  • Holdich, T. H. (1899). Swatis and Afridis. The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 29(1/2), 2-9. google scholar
  • ICCROM, (2021). Rethinking Textile Conservation. International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, available at: https://www.iccrom.org/events/rethinking-textile-conservation google scholar
  • Kaur, J. Kutch: (2021). Creative Journey-A Case Study. S. Sobha Singh Department of Fine Arts, Punjabi University Patiala. google scholar
  • Kuczkiewicz-Fras, A. (2016). Over the Khyber: Afghans and South Asia - History of Contacts. Politeja, 13(40), 47-65. google scholar
  • Kulke (2004), A History of India. Professor of Asian History Hermann; Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-32919-4 google scholar
  • Lluveras-Tenorio, A., Vinciguerra, R., Galano, E., Blaensdorf, C., Emmerling, E., Maria, P. C., Bonaduce, I. (2017). GC/MS and proteomics to unravel the painting history of the lost giant buddhas of bamiyan (afg-hanistan). PLoS One, 12(4). google scholar
  • Maas Rupert (2009). The History of Oils, Jan van Eyck discovers the secret of oils. The Artist Explorer was generously funded by Foyle Foundation. Available at: https://www.mallgalleries.org.uk/learning/resources/ history-oils google scholar
  • Miles, L. W. (1994). Traditional methods. Textile Printing, 1. google scholar
  • Morgan Llewelyn (2012). The Buddhas of Bamiyan. Profile Books, London, 2012. google scholar
  • NWFP (2016) In Search of a Name: pakhtunkhwa.com. Archived from original on the 31 January 2016. google scholar
  • Riazuddin, A. (1988). History of Handicrafts: Pakistan India. Islamabad: National Hijra Council. google scholar
  • Shah Mastan (2022). Rogan oil traditional block printer; Interview Peshawar city, Pakistan, February 2022; December 2022. google scholar
  • Starr, L. A. (1920). Frontier folk of the Afghan border and beyond. google scholar
  • Taniguchi, Y. Cultural Identity and the Revival of Values after the Demolishment of Bamiyan’s Buddhist Wall Paintings. In The Future of the Bamiyan Buddha Statues: Heritage Reconstruction in Theory and Practice; Nagaoka, M., Ed.; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2020; pp. 51-70. google scholar
  • Taniguchi, Y. Issues of Conservation for the Bamiyan Buddhist Mural Paintings. In Mural Paintings along the Silk Road: Cultural Exchanges between East and West, Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Symposium on the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, National Research Institute for Cul-tural Properties, Tokyo, January 2006; Yamauchi, K., Taniguchi, Y., Uno, T., Eds.; Archetype Publications: London, UK, 2007; pp. 144-151. google scholar
  • Wijesuriya (2013). Introduction, Asian Buddhist Heritage. Conserving the Sacred -CHA International Forum on Conservation of Asian Buddhist Heritage: Conserving the Sacred Seoul, Republic of Korea google scholar
  • Wriggins, S. (2020). Xuanzang: A Buddhist Pilgrim on the Silk Road. Routledge. google scholar
  • Wylly, H.C.,(1912) From the Black Mountain to Wazirista, Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, Pakistan 1912. google scholar
  • Yacopino, F. (1977). Threadlines Pakistan. Ministry of Industries, Government of Pakistan. google scholar
  • Yusuf, Imtiyaz. (2017). Tracing the exculsion of the Rohingya Director of the Center for Buddhist-Muslim Un-derstanding College of Religious Studies Mahidol University Salaya, Thailand Ta’seel Commons google scholar


PAYLAŞ




İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, uluslararası yayıncılık standartları ve etiğine uygun olarak, yüksek kalitede bilimsel dergi ve kitapların yayınlanmasıyla giderek artan bilimsel bilginin yayılmasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları açık erişimli, ticari olmayan, bilimsel yayıncılığı takip etmektedir.