Engellilik Araştırmaları Yazıları

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DOI :10.26650/B/SS46.2022.013.04   IUP :10.26650/B/SS46.2022.013.04    Tam Metin (PDF)

Psikolojik Bozukluklar ve Engelli Hakları

Arzu Çalışkan Sarı, Elif Emir Öksüz, Ece Ceren Akkaya, Rabia Nur Kodak, Özden Yalçınkaya Alkar

Psikolojik sağlık, fiziksel sağlığın ve genel iyi oluş halinin ayrılmaz bir parçası ve temel bir insan hakkıdır. Psikolojik sağlığın yerinde olması bireyin çevresiyle daha iyi temas kurabilmesi, işlevsel bir yaşam sürebilmesi, problemlerle başa çıkabilmesi ve gelişebilmesi anlamına gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada; engellilik bağlamında psikolojik bozukluklar ele alınmış ve psikolojik bozukluğu bulunan bireylere yönelik damgalama, olumsuz tutumlar ve ayrımcılık değerlendirilmiş ve iş yaşamında yaşanan sıkıntıların özellikle üzerinde durulmuştur. Bunun yanında, psikolojik bozuklukları bulunan bireyler için toplumdaki farkındalığı yükseltmek ve kapsayıcı sağlık hizmetleri sağlamak adına ulusal düzeyde yapılması gereken çalışmalar aktarılmıştır. Psikolojik bozukluğu bulunan bireyler çoğu zaman fırsat eşitsizliği yaşamakta ve çoğunlukla iş hayatında ayrımcılığa maruz kalmaktadırlar. Bu ayrımcılık kendini, bahsedilen bireylere yönelik toplum tarafından oluşturulmuş sosyal mesafe miktarında göstermektedir. Psikolojik bozuklukları bulunan bireylere yönelik sosyal mesafe yüksektir ve mesafenin fazla olması bu bireylerin tehlikeli olduğu algısı ile artmaktadır. Psikolojik bozukluğu olan bireylere yönelik sosyal mesafenin azalmasında etkili olan yöntemlerden biri de damgalama karşıtı kampanyalar düzenlemektir. Yapılan çalışmalar, damgalama karşıtı programların veya kampanyaların psikolojik bozuklukların bir zayıflık göstergesi ve bir tür “delilik” hali olduğuyla ilgili klişelere odaklanması ve bunlara karşı koyması gerektiğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Psikolojik bozukluğu olan kişilerin çalışma hayatı konusunda yaşadıkları güçlükler ve karşılaştıkları bariyerlere dair birçok araştırma bulunmaktadır ve bunların önemli bir kısmı işveren odaklı zorluklardan bahsetmektedir. Toplumu bilinçlendirme ve sosyal etkileşimi arttırma çabalarının yanı sıra politika üreticilerin makro düzeyde işverenlere birtakım yaptırımlarda bulunması önemli olacaktır. Hiyerarşik açıdan öncelikle politika üreticilerin ve bakanlıkların psikolojik engelli bireyler hususunu gündemde tutması ve bireylerin lehine kararlar alması, istihdamını kolaylaştırması gerekmektedir. Engelli bireylerin istihdamının sağlanması ve sosyal bir devlet olarak giderlerinin karşılanması, ayrıca bu bireylerin topluma entegrasyonunun sağlanması, psikolojik ve sosyal rehabilitasyon stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi açısından kamunun sorumlulukları yadsınamaz.


Anahtar Kelimeler: Psikolojik bozukluklar, Damgalama, Olumsuz tutumlar, Kapsayıcı sağlık hizmeti, Ayrımcılıkla mücadele
DOI :10.26650/B/SS46.2022.013.04   IUP :10.26650/B/SS46.2022.013.04    Tam Metin (PDF)

Psychological Disorders and Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Arzu Çalışkan Sarı, Elif Emir Öksüz, Ece Ceren Akkaya, Rabia Nur Kodak, Özden Yalçınkaya Alkar

Psychological health is an integral part of physical health and general well-being and a fundamental human right. Meaning of psychological health for the individuals are; establishment of better contact with his/her environment, leading a functional life, coping with problems, and development. In the current chapter, psychological disorders in the context of disability were discussed and stigma, negative attitudes, and discrimination against individuals with psychological disorders were evaluated, especially the problems experienced in work life were emphasized. In addition, the studies implemented to increase public awareness and inclusive healthcare for people with psychological disorders at the national level were conveyed. Individuals with psychological disorders often experience inequality of opportunity and they are mostly exposed to discrimination in work life. This discrimination manifests itself in the amount of social distance established by the society towards the individuals mentioned. The social distance for individuals with psychological disorders is high, and the longer the distance increases with the perception that these individuals are dangerous. One of the effective methods in reducing social distance towards individuals with psychological disorders is to organize anti-stigmatization campaigns. Studies have revealed that anti-stigma programs or campaigns need to focus on the stereotypes that mental illness is a sign of weakness and a form of “insanity”. There are many studies on the difficulties and barriers faced by individuals with psychological disabilities in their work life, and a significant number of them mention employer-oriented challenges. In addition to efforts to raise public awareness and increase social interaction for combating prejudices towards people with mental illnesses, it will be important for policymakers to impose some macro-level sanctions on employers. From a hierarchical point of view, first, policymakers and ministries should keep the issue of individuals with psychological disabilities on the agenda, make decisions in favor of individuals and facilitate their employment. The responsibilities of the public institutions cannot be denied in terms of ensuring the employment of disabled people and meeting their expenses as a social state, also ensuring the integration of these individuals into society, and developing psychological and social rehabilitation strategies.


Anahtar Kelimeler: Psychological disorders, Stigma, Negative attitudes, Inclusive health care, Dealing with discrimination

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