Geography and the Anthropocene

EnglishTürkçe

BÖLÜM


DOI :10.26650/B/SS19.2024.001.07   IUP :10.26650/B/SS19.2024.001.07    Tam Metin (PDF)

Agriculture

Serge Schmitz

The development of agricultural practices has changed the local and global environment since the Neolithic Age. The influences of agricultural development in the last decades have been more important than ever and contributed largely to entering the Anthropocene, the suggested geological epoch marked by human beings and their activities. This chapter depicts most of the environmental impacts of agriculture from a global perspective and points out the main challenges concerning both agriculture and the food supply chain to mitigate damages to the environment. Geography, as a discipline, provides precious insights into interactions between agriculture and the environment, highlighting the different geographical scales of these interactions and the considerable diversity of situations worldwide.


Anahtar Kelimeler: Agriculture, Anthropocene, Global Change, Food Supply Chain, Geographical Scales

Referanslar

  • Balesdent, J., Dambrine, E. & Fardeau, J.-C. (2015) Les sols ont-ils de la memoire?. Versailles, France: Editions Quae. google scholar
  • Barcus, H., Jones, R., & Schmitz, S. (Eds.). (2022). Rural Transformations: Globalization and Its Implications for Rural People, Land, and Economies. London, New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Bernard, B., & Lux, A. (2017). How to feed the world sustainably: an overview of the discourse on agroecology and sustainable intensification. Regional Environmental Change, 17(5), 1279-1290. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10113-016-1027-y google scholar
  • Bairoch, P. (1989). Les trois revolutions agricoles du monde developpe: rendements et productivite de 1800 a 1985. Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, 44(2), 317-353. https://doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1989.283596 google scholar
  • Cassidy, E. S., West, P. C., Gerber, J. S., & Foley, J. A. (2013). Redefining agricultural yields: from tonnes to people nourished per hectare. Environmental Research Letters, 8(3), 034015. http://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034015 google scholar
  • Ciervo, M., & Schmitz, S. (2017). Sustainable biofuel: A question of scale and aims. Moravian geographical reports, 25(4), 220-233. https://doi.org/10.1515/mgr-2017-0019 google scholar
  • Crutzen, P. J. (2006). The “anthropocene”. In E. Ehlers & T. Krafft (Eds.), Earth system science in the anthropocene (pp. 13-18). Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. google scholar
  • Crutzen, P. J., & Stoermer, E. F. (2000). The Anthropocene. IGBP, Global Change Newsletter, 41, 17-18. google scholar
  • Diamond, J. (2002). Evolution, consequences and future of plant and animal domestication. Nature, 418, 700707. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01019 google scholar
  • Dronne, Y. (2019). Les matieres premieres agricoles pour l’alimentation humaine et animale: le monde. INRAE Productions Animales, 31(3), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.0.31.0.2345 google scholar
  • Eldridge H., (2018). Agroecological Farming is Key to a Sustainable Future, Agrolinks. Retrieved from https:// www.agrilinks.org/post/agroecological-farming-key-sustainable-future google scholar
  • FAO (2016). State of the World’s Forests 2016. Forests and agriculture: land-use challenges and opportunities. Rome, Italy: The Food and Agricultural Organization. google scholar
  • FAO (2016). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016. Rome, Italy: The Food and Agricultural Organization. google scholar
  • Gemenne, F., & Rankovic, A. (2019). Atlas de l’anthropocene. Paris, France: Les Presses de Sciences Po. google scholar
  • Gliessman, S.R., (2014). Agroecology, The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems, 3rd edition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. google scholar
  • Godfray, H. C. J., Beddington, J. R., Crute, I. R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., ...& Toulmin, C. (2010). Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science, 327(5967), 812-818. http://doi.org//10.1126/ science.1185383 google scholar
  • Gustavson, J., Cederberg, C., Sonesson, U., van Otterdijk, R., Meybeck, A. (2011). Global Food Losses and Food Waste. The Food and Agricultural Organization. google scholar
  • Mateo-Sagasta, J., Zadeh, S. M., Turral, H., & Burke, J. (2017). Water pollution from agriculture: a global review. Rome, Italy: The Food and Agricultural Organization. google scholar
  • Montgomery, D. R. (2007). Soil erosion and agricultural sustainability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(33), 13268-13272. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611508104 google scholar
  • Mottet, A., Opio, C., Falcucci, A., Tempio, G., Cinardi, G., & Uwizeye, A. (2017). Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model. The Food and Agricultural Organization. google scholar
  • Mueller, N. D., Gerber, J. S., Johnston, M., Ray, D. K., Ramankutty, N., & Foley, J. A. (2012). Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water management. Nature, 490 (7419), 254-257. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11420 google scholar
  • Noin, D. (2005). Geographie de la population, 7e edition. Paris, France: Armand Colin. google scholar
  • Paarlberg, R. (2018). Why agroecology doesn’t scale up? Rural 21, 2/2018, 26-27. google scholar
  • Palsson, G., Szerszynski, B., Sörlin, S., Marks, J., Avril, B., Crumley, C., Hackmann, H., ... & Buen&a, M. P. (2013). Reconceptualizing the ‘Anthropos’ in the Anthropocene: Integrating the social sciences and humanities in global environmental change research. Environmental Science & Policy, 28, 3-13. http://doi. org/10.1016/j.envsci.2012.11.004 google scholar
  • Pradhan, P., Fischer, G., van Velthuizen, H., Reusser, D. E., & Kropp, J. P. (2015). Closing yield gaps: How sustainable can we be? PloS one, 10(6), 0129487. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129487 google scholar
  • Paustian, K., Lehmann, J., Ogle, S., Reay, D., Robertson, G. P., & Smith, P. (2016). Climate-smart soils. Nature, 532(7597), 49-57. http://doi.org/doi:10.1038/nature17174 google scholar
  • Ritchie H. Max Roser (2020). Land Use. Published online at OurWorldInData.org. Retrieved from: https:// ourworldindata.org/land-use google scholar
  • Ruddiman, W. F., & Thomson, J. S. (2001). The case for human causes of increased atmospheric CH4 over the last 5000 years. Quaternary Science Reviews, 20(18), 1769-1777. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00067-1 google scholar
  • Schirmer, J., Schmitz, S. & Schirmer-Nejfeld, G. (1997). Agricultures du monde. Bulletin de la Societe geographique de Liege, 33. google scholar
  • Shepon, A., Eshel, G., Noor, E., & Milo, R. (2018). The opportunity cost of animal based diets exceeds all food losses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(15), 3804-3809. https://doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.1713820115 google scholar
  • Smith, B. D., & Zeder, M. A. (2013). The onset of the Anthropocene. Anthropocene, 4, 8-13. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ancene.2013.05.001 google scholar
  • Stengers, I. (2015). Accepting the reality of Gaia: a fundamental shift? In C. Hamilton, C. Bonneuil & F. Gemenne (Eds.). The anthropocene and the global environmental crisis (pp. 134-144). Abingdon, England: Routledge. google scholar
  • Steinfeld, H., Gerber, P., Wassenaar, T. D., Castel, V., Rosales, M., Rosales, M., & de Haan, C. (2006). Livestock’s long shadow: environmental issues and options. Rome, Italy: The Food and Agricultural Organization. google scholar
  • Sun, F., Yun, D. A. I., & Yu, X. (2017). Air pollution, food production and food security: A review from the perspective of food system. Journal of integrative agriculture, 16(12), 2945-2962. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S2095-3119(17)61814-8 google scholar
  • Thornton, P. K. (2010). Livestock production: recent trends, future prospects. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 365(1554), 2853-2867. https://doi.org/10.1098/ rstb.2010.0134 google scholar
  • Tyrrell, M. (Ed.) (2014). The Global Forest Atlas. Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. Retrieved from: https://globalforestatlas.yale.edu/ google scholar
  • UNEP (2016). A Snapshot of the World’s Water Quality: Towards a global assessment. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme. google scholar
  • UN DESA (2019). World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights. ST/ESA/SER.A/423. New York: United Nations, Population Division. google scholar
  • Van Der Werf, G. R., Morton, D. C., Defries, R. S., Olivier, J. G. J., Kasibhatla, P. S., Jakson G. J., . & Randerson, J. T. (2009). CO2 emissions from forest loss. Nature Geoscience, 2, 737-738. https:/doi. org/10.1038/ngeo671 google scholar
  • Vanwambeke, E. (2019). Comprendre et composer (avec) l’Antropocene, Wavre, Belgium: Oxfam. Retrieved from https://www.oxfammagasinsdumonde.be/blog/2019/09/09/comprendre-et-composer-avec-lanthropocene/#.XlefBqhKjtQ google scholar
  • Vanbergen, A.J. and the Insect Pollinators Initiative (2013). Threats to an ecosystem service: pressures on pollinators. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 11: 251-259. https:/doi.org/10.1890/120126 google scholar
  • Vanwalleghem, T., Gomez, J. A., Amate, J. I., De Molina, M. G., Vanderlinden, K., Guzman, G., ... & Giraldez, J. V. (2017). Impact of historical land use and soil management change on soil erosion and agricultural sustainability during the Anthropocene. Anthropocene, 17, 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ancene.2017.01.002 google scholar
  • Wageningen University and Research Centre. (2012). Agriculture is the direct driver for worldwide deforestation. ScienceDaily. Retrieved from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120925091608.htm google scholar
  • Willett, W., Rockström, J., Loken, B., Springmann, M., Lang, T., Vermeulen, S., ... & Jonell, M. (2019). Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. The Lancet, 393(10170), 447-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4 google scholar
  • Zomer, R. J., Bossio, D. A., Sommer, R., & Verchot, L. V. (2017). Global Sequestration Potential of Increased Organic Carbon in Cropland Soils. Scientific reports, 7(1), 15554. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15794-8 google scholar


PAYLAŞ




İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, uluslararası yayıncılık standartları ve etiğine uygun olarak, yüksek kalitede bilimsel dergi ve kitapların yayınlanmasıyla giderek artan bilimsel bilginin yayılmasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları açık erişimli, ticari olmayan, bilimsel yayıncılığı takip etmektedir.