BÖLÜM


DOI :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.019   IUP :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.019    Tam Metin (PDF)

Akut Romati̇zmal Ateş Geçi̇rmi̇ş Çocuğun İzlemi̇ ve Toplumda Bakımı

Serra KaracaKemal Nişli

Akut romatizmal ateş gelişmekte olan ülkelerde en sık edinsel kalp hastalığı nedenidir. Ülkemiz de yüksek riskli toplumlar arasında yer almaktadır. ARA, hassas bir konakçı olan A grubu beta hemolitik streptokok ve çevre arasındaki karmaşık etkileşimin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkar. A grubu beta hemolitik streptokok enfeksiyonuna karşı anormal bir bağışıklık tepkisi, en çok eklemleri, beyni, kalbi ve/veya cildi etkileyen akut inflamatuar bir hastalığa yol açar. Diğer belirtiler kendini sınırlayıcı ve sekelsiz düzelse de, kardit kronik romatizmal kalp hastalığına neden olabilir. Kardiyak tutulumun derecesi değişkendir. Hastalık spektrumu çok hafif subklinik valvülitten, ciddi akut mitral ve/veya aort yetersizliği ile sonuçlanan ciddi kalp yetersizliğine kadar değişir. Akut romatizmal ateş kardit gelişen vakaların bazılarında subklinik tutulum olması dolayısıyla tanı konulamaması ve hastaların tedavi ile sekonder profilaksi süreçlerinin aksaması, artmış morbidite ve mortalite ile ilişkilidir. Çocukluk çağında Akut romatizmal ateşin zamanında tanınarak tedavi edilmesi, ileri yaşlara taşınabilecek kronik romatizmal kapak hastalıklarını ve kapak hastalıklarına bağlı gelişebilecek kalp yetersizliğini de önlemektedir. Yeni Jones kriterlerinde düşük ve orta-yüksek riskli topluluk ayrımı yapılmıştır. Bu ayrımın yapılması ve günümüzde laboratuvar testleri ve ekokardiyografiye erişim kolaylığı sayesinde tanı koyma ve tedavi başlama süreleri kısalmıştır. Bu bölümde akut romatizmal ateş tanısı, klinik belirtiler, tedavi ve önceden atak geçiren hastaların takibi hakkında bilgi verilecektir. 


DOI :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.019   IUP :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.019    Tam Metin (PDF)

Follow-up and Community Care of the Child Who Had Rheumatic Fever

Serra KaracaKemal Nişli

Rheumatic fever (RF) is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in developing countries; Turkey is among the high-risk societies. RF is caused by the complex interaction between a susceptible host, group A streptococcus, and the environment. An abnormal immune response to group A streptococcal infection leads to an acute inflammatory disease that most commonly affects the joints, brain, heart, and/or skin. Carditis can cause chronic rheumatic heart disease, although other symptoms are self-limiting and resolve without sequelae. The degree of cardiac involvement is variable, ranging from very mild, subclinical valvulitis to severe carditis with significant acute mitral and/or aortic regurgitation resulting in heart failure. Some cases of RF develop carditis but cannot be diagnosed due to subclinical involvement. The increased morbidity and mortality may be due to delay in the treatment and secondary prophylaxis. Timely diagnosis and treatment of RF in childhood also prevents chronic rheumatic valve diseases that can develop in adulthood and heart failure that may develop due to valve diseases. The new Jones criteria distinguish between low and medium-high risk populations, which, in addition to the ease of access to laboratory tests and echocardiography, shorten the time for diagnosis and allows timely initiation of treatment. This section discusses the diagnosis of acute RF, clinical symptoms, treatment, and follow-up of patients who have a history of RF.



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