Besi̇n Alerji̇si̇ Olan Çocuğun İzlemi̇ ve Toplumda Bakımı

Besin alerjileri tüm dünyada artış eğiliminde olan bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Reaksiyonlar immünglobulin E (IgE) aracılı, IgE aracılı olmayan (non-IgE) veya IgE ve non-IgE mekanizmaların karışımı mikst tip patofizyolojik mekanizmalar ile oluşabilir. Çocuklarda cilt, gastrointestinal sistem, solunum yolu ve/veya kardiyovasküler sistem semptomları olabilir. Sorumlu besinin veya besinlerin tam eliminasyonu ve kazara karşılaşmada oluşan reaksiyonların tedavisi günümüzde besin alerjilerinin kanıtlanmış tek yönetim şekli olmaya devam etmektedir. Özellikle erken çocukluk döneminde eliminasyon diyetinde olanlarda beslenme çok önemlidir. Çocuklarda anafilaksinin en sık nedeni besinlerdir. Anafilaksi esnasında epinefrin oto-enjektörünün hemen uygulanması anafilaksi yönetimin en önemli ve yaşam kurtarıcı basamağıdır. Okullarda anafilaksinin etkin yönetimi kapsamlı ve çok yönlü bir yaklaşım gerektirir. Besin alerjisi olan çocuklarda ilaçlar ve aşıların çoğu güvenle uygulanabilir. Bazı çocuklar ve aileleri besin alerjisinden olumsuz etkilenebilmekte, desteğe ihtiyaç duyabilmekte ve izlemde psikologla işbirliği yapılması gerekmektedir. Sonuç olarak, tüm kronik hastalıklar gibi, besin alerjisi olan çocukların tedavisi de bütüncül bir yaklaşım içinde olmalıdır. Bu bölümde besin alerjileri, belirtileri, tanı ve tedavisi kısaca anlatıldıktan sonra besin alerjisi olan çocukların izlem ilkeleri, beslenme önerileri ve destekleri, anafilaksi yönetiminin genel prensipleri, ilaç kullanım ve aşılama ilkeleri, fiziksel aktivite önerileri, okullarda besin alerjisi yönetimi, çocuk ve ailelerinin ruh sağlığı özetlenmiş ve bazı pratik öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Alerji, besin, çocuk, izlem, kronik hastalık

DOI :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.006 IUP :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.006 Tam Metin (PDF)

Follow-up and Community Care of the Child with Food Allergies

Zeynep Hızlı Demirkale, Zeynep Altınel

Food allergies are a public health burden that tends to increase worldwide. The reactions may have immunoglobulin E (IgE)–mediated, non-IgE-mediated, or mixed type (IgE- and non-IgE-mediated) pathophysiologic mechanisms. Patients can have symptoms related to the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and/or cardiovascular system. Currently, strict food elimination with culprit food(s) and treatment of accidental exposures are the only proven management of food allergies. Proper nutrition plays an important role in children on elimination diet, especially during the early childhood period. Foods are the most common causes of anaphylaxis in children. Prompt administration of epinephrine autoinjection during anaphylaxis is the most important and life-saving step of anaphylaxis management. Effective management of anaphylaxis in schools requires a comprehensive and multifaceted approach. Most medications and vaccines can be safely administered in children with food allergies. Some patients and their families may be negatively affected by food allergy and may need extra support; in some cases, collaboration with a psychologist is needed in the follow-up period. Consequently, like all those with chronic diseases, the management of children with food allergies should be in a holistic approach. In this section, after a short description of food allergies, their symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment strategies, we provide some practical recommendations about patients’ follow-up, nutrition and nutritional supplements, anaphylaxis management, medication use and vaccination, physical activity, management of food allergies in schools, and mental health of patients and their families.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Food, allergy, children, chronic disease, follow-up care

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Kroni̇k Hastalığı Olan Çocuğun İzlemi̇ ve Toplumda Bakımı

BÖLÜM

Besi̇n Alerji̇si̇ Olan Çocuğun İzlemi̇ ve Toplumda Bakımı

Follow-up and Community Care of the Child with Food Allergies

Referanslar

PAYLAŞ