BÖLÜM


DOI :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.013   IUP :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.013    Tam Metin (PDF)

Hi̇perli̇pi̇demi̇si̇ Olan Çocuğun İzlemi̇ ve Toplumda Bakımı

Meryem KaracaGülden Gökçay

Hiperlipidemiler toplumda oldukça sık görülen primer genetik bozukluklara bağlı olabileceği gibi sekonder nedenler sonucu da ortaya çıkabilen özellikle kardiyovasküler morbidite ve mortaliteyi yükselten hastalıklardır. Erken tanı ve tedavi yaklaşımı ile risk oranları düşürülebilmektedir. Bu nedenle çeşitli tarama protokolleri geliştirilmiştir. Hastalar ksantomlar, erken kardiyovasküler olaylar, erken inme atakları ve pankreatit atakları ile başvurabilecekleri gibi, rutin kan tetkiki sırasında bakılan lipit panelinde patoloji veya lipemik serum örneğinin fark edilmesi ile de tanı alabilirler. Homozigot ailesel hiperkolesterolemi , düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (LDL) kolesterol reseptörünün fonksiyon kaybı ile ortaya çıkar ve LDL-kolesterol düzeyi genellikle 500 mg/dl üzerindedir. Heterozigot ailesel hiperkolesterolemide ise LDL-kolesterol 155-500 mg/dl aralığında seyreder. Ailesel şilomikronemide lipoprotein lipaz aktivitesinin düşüklüğü ya da yokluğuna bağlı olarak, artmış trigliserit düzeyleri mevcuttur. Yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri ve sağlıklı beslenme hiperlipidemi tedavisinde ve hiperlipidemiden korunmada önemlidir. Büyüme ve gelişmeyi optimal olarak sağlayacak, çözünür liflerden zengin, basit şekerden ve trans yağ asitlerinden fakir, yağ içeriği ve oranı belli düzeylerde olan beslenme tedavisi önerilmektedir. Çocuğun alabileceği ilk ve en önemli rol modeller anne ve baba olduğundan, sağlıklı ev içi stratejilerinin gerçekleştirilmesi görevi anne ve babaya düşmektedir. LDL-kolesterol düzeyleri yüksek ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar açısından ek risk faktörleri olan hastalara başta statinler olmak üzere medikal tedaviler, lipit aferezi ve karaciğer transplantasyonu uygulanmaktadır. Bu bölümün amacı kalıtsal metabolik hastalığa bağlı hiperlipidemisi olan çocukların toplumda izleminin ve bakımının prensiplerini ele almaktır.


DOI :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.013   IUP :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.013    Tam Metin (PDF)

Follow-up and Community Care of the Child with Hyperlipidemia

Meryem KaracaGülden Gökçay

Hyperlipidemias are diseases that increase the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases, which may occur as a result of primary genetic disorders as well as secondary causes. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, various screening protocols have been developed. Patients may present with xanthomas, early cardiovascular events, early attacks of stroke, and pancreatitis. Diagnosis can be made based on the presence of a pathologic lipid panel or lipemic serum sample during routine blood testing. Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia occurs with the loss of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor function. As the LDLcholesterol level is usually above 500 mg/dl, patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia have LDLcholesterol level at 155–500 mg/dl. In familial chylomicronemia, increased triglyceride levels are present due to low or absence of lipoprotein lipase activity. Lifestyle changes and healthy nutrition are important in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia. Nutrition therapy should be rich in soluble fibers and low in simple sugars and trans fatty acids and should have a certain amount of fat content and ratio. The parents should implement healthy domestic strategies. Medical drugs are mainly statins, and lipid apheresis and liver transplantation can be applied in case of high LDL-cholesterol level and other risks of cardiovascular disease. This chapter will discuss the principles of monitoring and care of children with hyperlipidemia due to inherited metabolic disease in the community.



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