BÖLÜM


DOI :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.036   IUP :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.036    Tam Metin (PDF)

Kroni̇k Nöromusküler Hastalığı Olan Çocuğun İzlemi̇ ve Toplumda Bakımı

Hülya Maraş Genç

Nöromusküler hastalıklar, sinir sisteminin (motor nöron, periferik sinir, sinir-kas bileşkesi, kas) etkilendiği edinsel veya kalıtsal heterojen bir grup hastalıktır. Çocuklarda nöromusküler hastalıklar çoğunlukla genetik nedenlidir ve en sık görülen hastalıklar Duchenne musküler distrofi, spinal musküler atrofi ve Charcot-MarieTooth hastalığıdır. Son yıllarda hastalıkların doğal seyrini değiştirecek çok önemli tedavi yaklaşımları gelişmektedir. Ayrıca nöromusküler hastalıkların semptomatik tedavisi ve rehabilitasyonuyla ilgili önemli gelişmeler olmuş, çocuların hayat kalitesi ve sağ kalımı artmıştır. Sık görülen nöromusküler hastalıkların takibini en iyi düzeye çıkarmak için uluslararası uzlaşı standartları oluşturulmuştur. Nöromüsküler hastalığı olan çocukların takibi uzun bir süreçtir ve bu süreç, hastalığın farklı yönlerini değerlendiren multidisipliner bir ekip tarafından ideal olarak yönetilir. Bu ekipte doktorlar (çocuk doktorları, pediatrik nöroloji, fizik tedavi, ortopedi, pediatrik göğüs, pediatrik kardiyoloji, pediatrik gastroenteroloji, çocuk psikiyatrisi uzmanları), fizyoterapistler, çocuk gelişim uzmanları, psikologlar, sosyal hizmet uzmanları, dil-konuşma ve iş-uğraşı terapistleri, özel eğitimciler ve aile yer almaktadır. Kronik hastalıkların izleminde psikososyal destek en önemli konu olmalıdır. Engelli çocukların sosyal hakları konusunda ailelere bilgi verilmelidir. Aşılama programı her hasta için hastalığına ve bağışıklık sistemini baskılayan tedavilere göre bireyselleştirilmelidir. Bu bölümde nöromusküler hastalığı olan çocuklarda fizik tedavi ve rehabilitasyon, ortopedik, nütrisyonel, gastrointestinal, pulmoner, kardiyak ve psikososyal yaklaşım, ilaç tedavileri, acil durumlar ve bağışıklama konularını içeren multidisipliner yaklaşım ve izlem anlatılacaktır. 


DOI :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.036   IUP :10.26650/B/CH32.2024.010.036    Tam Metin (PDF)

Follow-up and Community Care of the Child with Chronic Neuromuscular Disease

Hülya Maraş Genç

Neuromuscular diseases are a heterogeneous group of acquired or inherited conditions of the peripheral nervous system (motor neuron, peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junction, muscle). In children, these are mostly genetic such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Recently, treatment approaches have been developed that will change the natural course of diseases. Advances in the symptomatic treatment and rehabilitation of neuromuscular diseases have increased the quality of life and survival of patients. International consensus standards have been established to optimize the follow-up of common neuromuscular diseases. The followup of children with neuromuscular disease is a long process ideally managed by a multidisciplinary team comprising doctors (pediatricians, pediatric neurology, physical therapy, orthopedics, pediatric chest, pediatric cardiology, pediatric gastroenterology, child psychiatrists), physiotherapists, child development specialists, psychologists, social workers, speech-language and occupational therapists, special educators, and the family. Psychosocial support is a major aspect during follow-up of chronic diseases. Families should be aware of the social rights for disabled children. Immunization schedule should be individualized for each patient based on their disease and immunosuppressive treatments. In this chapter, multidisciplinary approaches for children with neuromuscular diseases including physical therapy and rehabilitation, orthopedic, nutritional, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, cardiac and psychosocial approaches, drug treatments, acute care, and immunization will be explained.



Referanslar

  • 1. Finkel RS. Clinical Assesment of Pediatric Neurmuscular Disorders. Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, Schor NF, Finkel RS, Gropman AL, Pearl PL, Shevell MI, editors. Swaiman’s Pediatric Neurology; Elsevier Inc. 2017. p. e2336-e2350. google scholar
  • 2. Merlini L, Stagni SB, Marri E, Granata C. Epidemiology of neuromuscular disorders in the under-20 population in Bologna Province, Italy. Neuromuscul Disord. 1992; 2: 197-200. google scholar
  • 3. Woodcock IR, Fraser L, Norman P, Pysden K, Manning S, Childs AM. The prevalence of neuromuscular disease in the paediatric population in Yorkshire, UK; variation by ethnicity and deprivation status. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2016; 58: 877-83. google scholar
  • 4. Darin N, Tulinius M. Neuromuscular disorders in childhood: a descriptive epidemiological study from western Sweden. Neuromuscul Disord. 2000;10: 1-9. google scholar
  • 5. Emery AE. Population frequencies of inherited neuromuscular diseases--a world survey. Neuromuscul Disord. 1991; 1: 19-29. google scholar
  • 6. Schorling DC, Pechmann A, Kirschner J. Advances in Treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy - New Phe-notypes, New Challenges, New Implications for Care. J Neuromuscul Dis. 2020; 7: 1-13. google scholar
  • 7. Mercuri E, Finkel RS, Muntoni F, Wirth B, Montes J, Main M, et al; SMA Care Group. Diagnosis and management of spinal muscular atrophy: Part 1: Recommendations for diagnosis, rehabilitation, orthopedic and nutritional care. Neuromuscul Disord. 2018 ;28: 103-15. google scholar
  • 8. Finkel RS, Mercuri E, Meyer OH, Simonds AK, Schroth MK, Graham RJ, et al. SMA Care group. Diag-nosis and management of spinal muscular atrophy: Part 2: Pulmonary and acute care; medications, supp-lements and immunizations; other organ systems; and ethics. Neuromuscul Disord. 2018; 28: 197-207. google scholar
  • 9. Birnkrant DJ, Bushby K, Bann CM, Apkon SD, Blackwell A, Brumbaugh D, et al. DMD Care Considera-tions Working Group. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: diagnosis, and neuromuscular, rehabilitation, endocrine, and gastrointestinal and nutritional management. Lancet Neurol. 2018; 17: 251-67. google scholar
  • 10. Birnkrant DJ, Bushby K, Bann CM, Alman BA et al. DMD Care Considerations Working Group. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 2: respiratory, cardiac, bone health, and orthopa-edic management. Lancet Neurol. 2018; 17: 347-361. google scholar
  • 11. Yiu EM, Bray P, Baets J, Baker SK, Barisic N, de Valle K, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the mana-gement of paediatric Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022; 93: 530-8. google scholar
  • 12. Karaduman A, Alemdaroğlu A, Tunca yılmaz Ö. Nöromusküler Hastalıklar. Karaduman A, Alemdaroğlu A, Tunca Yılmaz Ö editörler. Pediatrik Nöromusküler Hastalıklarda Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon. Pelikan Kitabevi; 2014. s.1-26. google scholar
  • 13. Matthews DJ, Oleszek J, Parsons JA, Kupfer O. Management of Children with Neuromuscular Disorders. Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, Schor NF, Finkel RS, Gropman AL, Pearl PL, Shevell MI, editors. Swaiman’s Pediatric Neurology; Elsevier Inc. 2017. p.e2626-e2636. google scholar
  • 14. Skalsky AJ, McDonald CM. Prevention and management of limb contractures in neuromuscular diseases. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2012; 23: 675-87. google scholar
  • 15. Khatwa UA, Dy FJ. Pulmonary Manifestations of Neuromuscular Diseases. Indian J Pediatr. 2015; 82: 841-51. google scholar
  • 16. Panitch HB. Respiratory Implications of Pediatric Neuromuscular Disease. Respir Care. 2017; 62: 826-48. google scholar
  • 17. Sharma GD. Pulmonary function testing in neuromuscular disorders. Pediatrics. 2009;123 Suppl 4:S219-21. google scholar
  • 18. Bhakta D, Groh WJ. Cardiac function tests in neuromuscular diseases. Neurol Clin. 2004; 22: 591-617, vi. google scholar
  • 19. McNally EM, Kaltman JR, Benson DW, et al. Contemporary cardiac issues in Duchenne muscular dystrop-hy. Working Group of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in collaboration with Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy. Circulation. 2015; 131:1590-8. google scholar
  • 20. Chou E, Lindeback R, Sampaio H, Farrar MA. Nutritional practices in pediatric patients with neuromus-cular disorders. Nutr Rev. 2020; 78: 857-65. google scholar
  • 21. Davidson ZE, Ryan MM, Kornberg AJ, Sinclair K, Cairns A, Walker KZ, et al. Observations of body mass index in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a longitudinal study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014; 68: 892-7. google scholar
  • 22. Wang CH, Bonnemann CG, Rutkowski A, et al. Consensus statement on standard of care for congenital muscular dystrophies. J Child Neurol. 2010; 25: 1559- 81. google scholar
  • 23. Barisic N, Turudic D, Maric LS, Tesovic G. Vaccination in pediatric acquired inflammatory immune-me-diated neuromuscular disorders. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2022; 36: 159-76. google scholar
  • 24. Grading of recommendations and levels of evidence. Erişim: https://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/books/ NBK304686/NICE guidelines 2015. Son erişim tarihi: 15.09.2022. google scholar
  • 25. Cesim Ö B, Abaoğlu H , Çelik Z, Demirok T. Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Yaşam Becerileri ve Ergoterapi. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal. 2019;6:264-275. google scholar
  • 26. TC Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı. Eğitim. Erişim: https://www.aile.gov.tr/sss/engelli-ve-yasli-hiz-metleri-genel-mudurlugu/egitim/ Son erişim tarihi 15.09.2022. google scholar
  • 27. van den Bersselaar LR, Snoeck MMJ, Gubbels M, Riazi S, Kamsteeg EJ, Jungbluth H, et al. Anaesthesia and neuromuscular disorders: what a neurologist needs to know. Pract Neurol. 2020: practneurol-2020-002633. google scholar
  • 28. Gummi RR, Kukulka NA, Deroche CB, Govindarajan R. Factors associated with acute exacerbations of myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve. 2019; 60: 693-9. google scholar
  • 29. Narayanaswami P, Sanders DB, Wolfe G, et al. International Consensus Guidance for Management of Myasthenia Gravis: 2020 Update. Neurology. 2021;96:114-22. google scholar
  • 30. Sheikh S, Alvi U, Soliven B, Rezania K. Drugs That Induce or Cause Deterioration of Myasthenia Gravis: An Update. J Clin Med. 2021 Apr 6;10(7):1537. google scholar
  • 31. Vanasse M, Pare H, Zeller R. Medical and psychosocial considerations in rehabilitation care of childhood neuromuscular diseases. Handb Clin Neurol. 2013; 113: 1491-5. google scholar
  • 32. Bekiroğlu S, Gökçearslan Çifci E. Nöromüsküler hasta ailelerinin yaşadıkları güçlükler. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2017; 21:704-22. google scholar


PAYLAŞ




İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, uluslararası yayıncılık standartları ve etiğine uygun olarak, yüksek kalitede bilimsel dergi ve kitapların yayınlanmasıyla giderek artan bilimsel bilginin yayılmasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları açık erişimli, ticari olmayan, bilimsel yayıncılığı takip etmektedir.