BÖLÜM


DOI :10.26650/BS/SS41.2021.001-4.03   IUP :10.26650/BS/SS41.2021.001-4.03    Tam Metin (PDF)

Neden İki Dil Tek Dilden Daha İyidir?

Yasemin KarslıSema KarakelleEsra Demirkan

İki dillilik çalışmalarının sonuçlarında çelişen bulgular olmasına ragmen, çalışmalarda ağırlıklı olarak iki dilli olmanın bilişsel avantajları üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda literatürdeki tartışmalar, iki dilli olmanın bilişsel işlevler açısından ne tür farklılıklar yaratabileceğine dair çeşitli önerilerde bulunmaktadır. Ancak bugüne kadar araştırmalarda elde edilen bulgular ve çıkarılabilecek tüm sonuçlar, iki dillilik çalışmalarında temel olarak iki sorun olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu sorunlardan ilki, iki dillilik ve göç olgularının tarihsel ve sosyolojik açılardan iç içe geçmesidir. Bu durum aynı zamanda karşılaşılan ikinci sorun olan yöntem sorunun ana nedenlerinden birisi olarak da ele alınabilir. Yöntem sorunu, iki dillilik çalışmalarında hali hazırda varlığını devam ettiren bir tartışma konusudur. Aynı zamanda, literatüdeki araştırmaların bulgularında karşılaşılan tutarsızlıkların iki dillilik fenomenine dair getirilen bakış açılarının kısıtlılığında kaynaklandığını da söyleyebiliriz. Farklı bir bakış açısı ile de, iki dilli olmanın üstünlüğünün nedenlerine katkıda bulunma potansiyeline sahip ancak sistematik olarak gözden kaçırılan başka değişkenlerin varlığı da söz konusu olabilir. Konuşma öncesi dönemde bebeklerle yapılan çalışmalar ve iki dillilerin linguistik ipuçları yerine sözel olmayan dil ipuçlarını inceleyen çalışmalar, iki dilli olma fenomenine dair farklı bakış açıları sunmaktadır. Son dönem çalışmaların sosyal ve bilişsel süreçleri vurgulamaları dolayısıyla yeni yapılacak çalışmalarda iki dilliliğe yönetici işlevler gibi belirli değişkenlerle kısıtlı kalmak yerine daha kapsamlı yaklaşımlar benimsenmelidir. Bu anlamda, iki dillilik araştırmaları, insan etkileşimlerinin sözel olmayan yönlerine odaklanarak elverişli bir çalışma alanı yaratma potansiyeline sahiptir. Ayrıca gelişimsel süreçlerde, sosyal-bağlamsal ve sosyal etkileşimsel kuramlar açısından verimli bir tartışma alanı sunmaktadır.



DOI :10.26650/BS/SS41.2021.001-4.03   IUP :10.26650/BS/SS41.2021.001-4.03    Tam Metin (PDF)

Why Two Languages ​​are Better than One?

Yasemin KarslıSema KarakelleEsra Demirkan

Studies on bilingualism report contradictory findings, but the emphasis is mostly on the cognitive advantages provided by being bilingual. Discussions in the literature focus mainly on the kind of difference bilingualism can make in terms of cognitive functioning. However, the findings obtained so far, and all conclusions that can be drawn, indicate that there are two main problems in bilingual studies. The first is the fact that the phenomena of bilingualism and immigration are historically and sociologically intertwined. This issue may also be the main reason for the second problem, the method problem. Method discussions are still an ongoing debate in bilingualism. We can assume that the inconsistent findings in the literature are due to the narrowness of view of the phenomenon. From a different perspective, there may be other variables that are systematically overlooked, but which have the potential to contribute to an explanation for the reasons for bilingual superiority. Studies conducted with babies in the pre-speech period and studies examining the bilingual’s non-verbal language cues other than the linguistic clue offer different perspectives. As latest studies highlight the intertwined social and cognitive processes, we should approach bilingualism more comprehensively rather than being trapped in variables like executive functions. In this sense, research on bilingualism ​​has the potential to create a favorable study field by focusing on the non-verbal aspects of human interactions. It opens up a fruitful discussion area in terms of social-contextual or social interaction theories in developmental processes. 



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PAYLAŞ




İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, uluslararası yayıncılık standartları ve etiğine uygun olarak, yüksek kalitede bilimsel dergi ve kitapların yayınlanmasıyla giderek artan bilimsel bilginin yayılmasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları açık erişimli, ticari olmayan, bilimsel yayıncılığı takip etmektedir.