The Dynamics and Consequences of Germany’s Green Economy Policies: An Overview and Critique

In this study, an overview of Germany’s green economy policies is presented from a critical perspective. After a general evaluation of green economic policies, the history of Germany’s green economic policies is presented, and the steps taken in this direction in recent years are evaluated. Finally, the dynamics of these policies are investigated, and their effects are analyzed. In the study, a critical analysis of these processes, which are mainly evaluated through the energy transformation, which is referred to as “Energiewende” in Germany, is conducted.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Green economy, Germany, Energiewende, Sustainability

JEL Sınıflandırması : Q28 , Q48 , Q58

Referanslar

Andreae, J.; Ruttloff, M.; Kindler, L.; Topf, C. & Löhdefink, A., (2022). Germany’s “Easter Package” - An Overview Of The Latest Changes To Energy Regulation. https://www.gleisslutz.com/sites/default/files/ pdf_using_mpdf/22298_Germany%25E2%2580%2599s%2B%25E2%2580%259CEaster%2BPackage% 25E2%2580%259D%2B%25E2%2580%2593%2Ban%2Boverview%2Bof%2Bthe%2Blatest%2Bchan-ges%2Bto%2Benergy%2Bregulation.pdf Gleiss Lutz, Know-How. (02.09.2023). google scholar
BMBF, (2021). Karliczek: Germany and Namibia form partnership for green hydrogen. https://www.bmbf.de/ bmbf/shareddocs/kurzmeldungen/en/Karliczek-Germany-and-Namibia.html (03.09.2023). google scholar
BMWK, (2023). Renewable Energy. https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/EN/Dossier/renewable-energy.html (01.09.2023). google scholar
Closmann, C. (2005). Legalizing a Volksgemeinschaft: Nazi Germany’s Reich Nature Protection Law of 1935. Ed. By. Brüggemeier, F-J.; Cioc, M.; & Zeller, T. How Green Were the Nazis? Ohio, Ohio University Press, 18-42. google scholar
Destatis, (2023). Production in July 2023: -0.8% on the previous month. https://www.destatis.de/EN/ Press/2023/09/PE23_354_421.html (04.09.2023). google scholar
EUR-Lex, (2019). Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament, The European Council, The Council, The European Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions The European Green Deal. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2019%3A640%3A-FIN (28.08.2023). google scholar
Eurocom, (2023). Nuclear Safety. https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/nuclear-energy/nuclear-safety_en (29.08.2023). google scholar
Euronews, (2023). Fossil gas and nuclear are now ‘green’ says the EU, but what does this mean for us? https:// www.euronews.com/green/2022/02/02/fossil-gas-and-nuclear-are-now-green-says-the-eu-but-what-does-this-mean-for-us (29.08.2023). google scholar
Europarl, (2019). Green deal for Europe: First reactions from MEPs. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/ press-room/20191203IPR68087/green-deal-for-europe-first-reactions-from-meps (27.08.2023). google scholar
Eurostat, (2023). Coal production and consumption up in 2022. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-euros-tat-news/w/ddn-20230622-2 (29.08.2023). google scholar
EY, (2023). Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index: Will local ambition fast-track or frustrate the global energy transition? https://assets.ey.com/content/dam/ey-sites/ey-com/en_gl/topics/power-and-utilities/ ey-recai-61-report.pdf (31.08.2023). google scholar
Gerster, A. & Lamp, S. (2022). Energy Tax Exemptions and Industrial Production. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/ papers.cfm?abstract_id=3841576 (06.09.2023) google scholar
Hake, J-F.; Fischer, W., Venghaus, S. & Weckenbrock, C., (2015). The German Energiewende - History and status quo. Energy, 92. 532-546. google scholar
Heinrich Böll Shiftung, (2023). The Heinrich Böll Foundation: About us. https://www.boell.de/en/about-us (29.08.2023). google scholar
Jones, G. & Lubinski, C., (2013). Historical Origins of Environment Sustainability in the German Chemical Industry, 1950s-1980s. Harvard Business School General Management Unit Working Paper, 14-018. htt-ps://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/11508212/14-018.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (30.08.2023). google scholar
NY Times, (2022). How German Companies Are Staring Down Putin’s Threat to Cut Off Gas. https://www. nytimes.com/2022/08/30/world/europe/germany-russia-energy-gas.html (03.09.2023). google scholar
Ploeg F.; Rezai, A.; & Tovar, M. (2021). Gathering support for green tax reform: Evidence from German hou-sehold surveys. CESifo Working Papers. Munich: Munich Society for the Promotion of Economic Research. https://www.cesifo.org/DocDL/cesifo1_wp9398.pdf google scholar
Reuters, (2023a). German companies plan more U.S. investment in 2023 - survey. https://www.reuters.com/ business/german-companies-plan-more-us-investment-2023-survey-2023-02-08/ (04.09.2023). google scholar
Reuters, (2023b). Germany to earmark 4 bln euros annually for power subsidy - economy minister. https:// www.reuters.com/world/europe/germany-earmark-4-bln-euros-annually-power-subsidy-economy-minis-ter-2023-05-22/ (05.09.2023). google scholar
Reuters, (2023c). Germany plans to offer companies $6.6 billion a year in tax relief. https://www.reuters.com/ markets/europe/germany-plans-offer-companies-66-bln-year-tax-relief-2023-07-12/ (04.09.2023). google scholar
Sarkar, S. (1986). The Green Movement in West Germany. Alternatives, 11(2). 219-254. google scholar
Stefes, C. H. (2016). Critical Junctures and the German Energiewende. Ed. By. Hager, C. & Stefes, C. H. Ger-many’s Energy Transition: A Comparative Perspective. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 63-89. google scholar
Tedesco, M. (2023). The Paradox of Lithium. https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2023/01/18/the-paradox-of-lit-hium/ (04.09.2023). google scholar
The Guardian, (2023). German government in crisis over EU ban on car combustion engines. https://www. theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/23/german-government-in-crisis-over-eu-ban-on-car-combustion-engines (04.09.2023). google scholar
UN, (1992a). United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3-14 June 1992. https://www.un.org/en/conferences/environment/rio1992 (28.08.2023). google scholar
UN, (1992b). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (with annexes). https://treaties.un.org/ doc/source/recenttexts/unfccc_eng.pdf (28.08.2023). google scholar
UN, (2022). Green Economy. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?menu=1446(28.08.2023). google scholar
UNEP, (2023). Green Economy. https://www.un.org/en/conferences/environment/rio1992 (28.08.2023). google scholar
Westphal, K., (2020). German-Russian gas relations in face of the energy transition. Russian Journal of Eco-nomics, 6(4), 406-423. google scholar
Willems, B. & Yu, Y., (2022). Bidding and Investment in Wholesale Electricity Markets: Pay-as-Bid versus Uniform-Price Auctions. 13th Toulouse Conference on The Economics of Energy and Climate. https://www. tse-fr.eu/sites/default/files/TSE/documents/conf/2022/energy/yu.pdf (01.09.2023). google scholar
Worland, J., (2020). Europe Has Big Plans for a Green New Deal. Poland’s Coal Country Isn’t So Sure. Time. https://time.com/collection/great-reset/5900740/europe-green-new-deal-poland/ (29.08.2023). google scholar

Sustainability, Policy, and Global Impact: A Comperative Analysis

BÖLÜM

The Dynamics and Consequences of Germany’s Green Economy Policies: An Overview and Critique

Referanslar

PAYLAŞ