The liberal–capitalist governance model, which has been in use for many years, has survived to this day through the dominance of individualization and the market, expanding the private sector, while limiting the state and its services. However, through COVID-19, we have all witnessed the results of this economic system. The fact that countries with the largest economies in the world are unable to provide the most basic sanitary materials needed to effectively fight the epidemic, choosing which patients are to be treated and leaving the rest to die, raises the question of how humane existing systems are. 
The most successful countries across the globe have continued their economic development strategies, focusing on the sectors that provide superiority and production. Yet, with this structure of long supply chains and globalization collapsing, the need to fill this gap with strict borders and national productivity has become important. States whose functions have weakened, and have had limited service and capacity due to their economies, have faced a major crisis due to this epidemic. 
With the COVID-19 outbreak, despite economic developments, we have experienced how health services and agricultural production have been pushed to the limit, threatening humanity in an emergency situation. As a result of the epidemic, we once again understand the importance of our own production—especially agricultural production—that will meet basic needs. We have become aware of how important it is to provide public health services and produce items such as masks, respirators, medicines and vaccines. We have once again experienced the fact that the strategic importance of production can change periodically and according to needs, and we have seen that even though we have money, we cannot buy certain products and services. 
The epidemic has made almost all of us equal spiritually, physically and socially at a global level. It has created a new awareness in all areas including health, education, income inequality, poverty, unemployment, migration, the climate crisis, and access to basic human needs. The epidemic has nourished selfishness in one sense, and reduced solidarity. It has caused loneliness, medical as well as psychological problems, and information pollution. The epidemic has taken the fear of death from the individual and spread it through society. On the other hand, it has increased the need for solidarity and strengthened our common sense of fate. Therefore, our need for understanding based on social cohesion has gained more importance. Therefore, there is an increased need for restructuring that will prevent social disruption and panic. 
After 1980, the state shrank in relative terms due to the neoliberal effect in Turkey. The global epidemic has come along at a time of economic and social problems. However, thanks to our general health insurance, the number of hospitals, the number of hospital beds, the potential we have in our country and our ability to manage a crisis, we are facing the epidemic under better conditions. However, despite this, there is an increasing need for restructuring that will enable our country to adapt to the new conditions, survive the crisis with the least damage and meet the needs of the 21st century. 
What has happened in the economic and social sphere shows that a new paradigm shift is needed. There is an increasing expectation of a paradigm change to build a new economic order based on the principle that needs, wishes, and resources are limited, except for information, rather than the perception of unlimited desires that feed insatiability. In order to survive the process of the crisis with the least damage, it is necessary to restructure industries and the labor markets according to globally rising businesses and professions, all together in solidarity.
On this occasion, I would like to once again thank the valuable academic members of our faculty, who are the editors of this book, and the authors who are working to prepare it. In accordance with our 84 years of experience, our faculty members have not been indifferent to the problems already experienced and still to be experienced in the world and in our country, and they have made predictions by producing alternatives, despite the difficult conditions in which they are working. This book is the English version of the previously published Turkish book with the same title. Of course, this English version is also a preliminary study; and there will be more detail as more data is obtained. 
I send my respects, hoping that this book will be stimulating and useful for all… 

Prof. Dr., Sayım Yorğun Istanbul University, Dean of the Faculty of Economics,

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Economic, Social, and Political Impacts

<p>This paper will tackle COVID-19 from different perspectives with the help of statistical analyses. The very feature of the virus to create respiratory tract conditions, to aggravate the already existing respiratory conditions, and to transmit diseases via air droplets, together with other triggering factors like age and gender, reveals the significance of the dense population of living spaces and hence the importance of sociodemographic advancement. This scenario necessitates the modeling of the analyses to be made not only in the context of health conditions but also on the basis of the above mentioned variable groups and in a multivariate fashion. The study used multivariate decision-making methods, multivariate statistical methods, and quantitative and qualitative desk and field research. To ensure the data continuity and consistency, COVID-19 struggling systems and performances of the selected countries were modeled. The socio-psychological and socioeconomic conditions of the individuals of the selected countries were all at stake during the lockdown periods.</p>

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Economic, Social, and Political Impacts

BÖLÜM

A Quantitative Look at Covid-19

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