Araştırma Makalesi


DOI :10.26650/eor.20251558329   IUP :10.26650/eor.20251558329    Tam Metin (PDF)

Does the chin projection and sella point position affect the W angle reliability?

Meryem AkpınarFarhad SalmanpourHasan Camcı

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability and validity of the Sella (S) and G points used in the W angle for different types of malocclusions. Materials and

Methods: Pretreatment cephalometric radiographs of 700 individuals aged 15 to 25 years, who began orthodontic treatment between 2019 and 2024, were randomly selected from the archives of the Department of Orthodontics at Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University. After applying exclusion criteria, 570 radiographs (290 females, 280 males) were included in the study. These radiographs were divided into three groups based on ANB and Wits values: Class I (C1) (n = 103), Class II (C2) (n = 178), and Class III (C3) (n = 111). Each group was further divided into nine subgroups according to chin projection (low [a1], normal [a2], high [a3]), the vertical position of the sella point (low [b1], normal [b2], high [b3]), and the sagittal position of the sella point (low [c1], normal [c2], high [c3]). The vertical position of the sella point was determined by calculating its distance from the FH plane, while its sagittal position was assessed by measuring the distance of its projection onto the FH plane relative to the orbitale point. Chin projection was determined using the Pg-NB measurement.

Results: Statistical analysis showed that chin projection was positively correlated with the W angle in all subgroups (p < 0.001). The sagittal position of the sella point did not significantly affect the W angle in any of the classes. However, the vertical position of the sella point was positively correlated with the W angle only in the subgroups with high vertical values (C1b3, p = 0.002; C2b3, p < 0.001; C3b3, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Both chin projection and the vertical position of the sella point were found to influence the W angle, whereas the sagittal position of the sella point did not have a significant effect.


PDF Görünüm

Referanslar

  • 1. Elkaseh A, Shayeb MA, Kuduruthullah S, Elsubeihi ES. Cephalometrics of Libyan adults. Asian J Surg 2022;45:1089-94. google scholar
  • 2. Riedel RA. Esthetics and its relation to orthodontic therapy. Angle Orthod 1950;20:168-78. google scholar
  • 3. Jacobson A. The "Wits" appraisal ofjaw disharmony. Am J Orthod 1975;67:125-38. google scholar
  • 4. Baik CY, Ververidou MA. New approach of assessing sagittal discrepancies: the Beta angle. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;126:100-5. google scholar
  • 5. Neela PK, Mascarenhas R, Husain AA. New sagittal dysplasia indicator: the YEN angle. World J Orthod. 2009;10:147-51. google scholar
  • 6. Steiner, CC. Cephalometrics in clinical practice. Angle Orthod 1959;29:8-29. google scholar
  • 7. Kamaluddin JM, Cobourne MT, Sherriff M, Bister D. Does the Eastman correction over- or under-adjust ANB for positional changes of N? Eur J Orthod 2012;34:719-23. google scholar
  • 8. Nagar S, Nagar R, Raghav P. Why WITS? Why not a way beyond? Contemp Clin Dent 2014;5:518-23. google scholar
  • 9. Adenwalla ST, Kronman JH, Attarzadeh F. Porion and condyle as cephalometric landmarks--an error study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1988;94:411-5. google scholar
  • 10. Sundareswaran S, Kumar V. Reliability of Beta angle in assessing true anteroposterior apical base discrepancy in different growth patterns. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2015;6:125-30. google scholar
  • 11. Bhad WA, Nayak S, Doshi UH. A new approach of assessing sagittal dysplasia: the W angle. Eur J Orthod 2013;35:66-70. google scholar
  • 12. Trivedi R, Bhattacharya A, Mehta F, Patel D, Parekh H, Gandhi V. Cephalometric study to test the reliability of anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy indicators using the twin block appliance. Prog Orthod 2015;16:4-10. google scholar
  • 13. Qamaruddin I, Alam MK, Shahid F, Tanveer S, Umer M, Amin E. Comparison of popular sagittal cephalometric analyses for validity and reliability. Saudi Dent J.2018;30:43-46. google scholar
  • 14. Ali SM, Manjunath G, Sheetal A. A Comparison of 3 New Cephalometric Angles with ANB and Wits Appraisal for Assessing Sagittal Jaw Relationship. Int J Oral Care Res 2018;6:28-32. google scholar
  • 15. Agarwal R, Sharma L, Soni VK, Yadav V, Soni S, & Singh K. Comparison of different angular measurements to assess sagittal Jaw discrepancy in Jaipur population-A cephalometric study. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 2013;10:33-36. google scholar
  • 16. Mittal A, Bohra S, Murali PS, Saidath K, Krishnanayak US. An evaluation of YEN and W angle in the assessment of anteroposterior jaw relationship. J Indian Orthod Soc 2016;50:26-30. google scholar
  • 17. Mittal D, Venkatesh S, Shivamurthy P, Mathew S. A ‘‘new vista’’ in the assessment of antero-posterior jaw relationship. APOS Trends Orthod 2015;5:151-55. google scholar
  • 18. Guinot-Barona C, Alonso Perez-Barquero J, Galan Lopez L, Barmak AB, Att W, Kois JC, Revilla-Leon M. Cephalometric analysis performance discrepancy between orthodontists and an artificial intelligence model using lateral cephalometric radiographs. J Esthet Restor Dent 2024;36:555-65. google scholar
  • 19. Greiner P, Müller B, Dibbets J. The angle between the Frankfort horizontal and the sella-nasion line. Changes in porion and orbitale position during growth. J Orofac Orthop 2004;65:217-22. google scholar
  • 20. Andredaki M, Koumantanou A, Dorotheou D, Halazonetis DJ. A cephalometric morphometric study of the sella turcica. Eur J Orthod 2007;29:449-56. google scholar
  • 21. Jena AK, Nayyer N, Sharan J, Behera BK, Marya A. Geometrical Approaches for the Accurate Identification of Normal Vertical Positions of Sella and Nasion Points in Cephalograms. Int J Dent 2022;2022:2705416. google scholar
  • 22. Yavuz İ, Durna N & Erdem A. Effects of Lingual arch application on the dento-alveolar structures in chin-cup treatment. J Dent Fac Ataturk Univ 2006;16:1-9. google scholar
  • 23. Hussels W, Nanda RS. Analysis of factors affecting angle ANB. Am J Orthod 1984;85:411-23. google scholar
  • 24. Gor J, Kubavat A, Desai M, Mahida K, Modh A, & Vaghela A W Angle: Sagittal Jaw Dysplasia Indicator for orthodontic diagnosis outcome. JMSCR 2019;8:61-5. google scholar
  • 25. Uslu O, Akcam MO, Evirgen S, Cebeci I. Prevalence of dental anomalies in various malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009;135:328-35. google scholar
  • 26. Kotula J, Kuc AE, Lis J, Kawala B, Sarul M. New Sagittal and Vertical Cephalometric Analysis Methods: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022;12:1723. google scholar
  • 27. Alves PV, Mazucheli J, Vogel CJ, Bolognese AM. A protocol for cranial base reference in cephalometric studies. J Craniofac Surg 2008;19:211-5. google scholar
  • 28. Axelsson S, Storhaug K, Kjaer I. Post-natal size and morphology of the sella turcica. Longitudinal cephalometric standards for Norwegians between 6 and 21 years of age. Eur J Orthod 2004;26:597-604. google scholar
  • 29. Moore JW. Variation of the sella-nasion plane and its effect on SNA and SNB. J Oral Surg 1976;34:24-6. google scholar
  • 30. Camcı H, Salmanpour F. Cephalometric Evaluation of Anterior Cranial Base Slope in Patients with Skeletal Class I Malocclusion with Low or High SNA and SNB Angles. Turk J Orthod 2020;33:171-76. google scholar
  • 31. Hofmann E, Fimmers R, Schmid M, Hirschfelder U, Detterbeck A, Hertrich K. Landmarks of the Frankfort horizontal plane: Reliability in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. J Orofac Orthop 2016;77:373-83. google scholar
  • 32. Leitâo P, Nanda RS. Relationship of natural head position to craniofacial morphology. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2000;117:406-17. google scholar
  • 33. Macari AT, Hanna AE. Comparisons of soft tissue chin thickness in adult patients with various mandibular divergence patterns. Angle Orthod 2014;84:708-14. google scholar
  • 34. Al-Khateeb EA, Al-Khateeb SN. Anteroposterior and vertical components of class II division 1 and division 2 malocclusion. Angle Orthod 2009;79:859-66. google scholar
  • 35. Isik F, Nalbantgil D, Sayinsu K, Arun T. A comparative study of cephalometric and arch width characteristics of Class II division 1 and division 2 malocclusions. Eur J Orthod 2006;28:179-83. google scholar
  • 36. Linjawi AI, Afify AR, Baeshen HA, Birkhed D, Zawawi KH. Mandibular symphysis dimensions in different sagittal and vertical skeletal relationships. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021;28:280-85. google scholar
  • 37. Gomez Y, Gartfa-Sanz V, Zamora N, Tarazona B, Bellot-Artfs C, Langsjoen E, Paredes-Gallardo V. Associations between mandibular symphysis form and craniofacial structures. Oral Radiol 2018;34:161-71. google scholar
  • 38. Evangelista K, Silva MAGS, Normando D, Valladares-Neto J. Factors associated with the morphology of the mandibular symphysis and soft tissue chin. Dental Press J Orthod 2021;26:e2119347. google scholar
  • 39. Dandajena TC, Nanda RS. Bialveolar protrusion in a Zimbabwean sample. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;123:133-7. google scholar
  • 40. Zhou X, Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Wu L, Liu J, Yang W, Wang J. Customized maxillary incisor position relative to dentoskeletal and soft tissue patterns in Chinese women: A retrospective study. Korean J Orthod 2022;52:150-60. google scholar
  • 41. Swennen G, Schliephake H, Dempf R, Schierle H, Malevez C. Craniofacial distraction osteogenesis: a review of the literature: Part 1: clinical studies. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;30:89-103. google scholar
  • 42. Daer AA, Abuaffan AH. Cephalometric norms among a sample of Yamani adults. Orthodontic Waves 2016;75:35-40. google scholar
  • 43. Agarwal S, Bhagchandani J, Mehrotra P, Kapoor S, Jaiswal RK. The SAR Angle: A Contemorary Sagital Jaw Dysplasia Marker. Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 2014;4:16-20. google scholar

Atıflar

Biçimlendirilmiş bir atıfı kopyalayıp yapıştırın veya seçtiğiniz biçimde dışa aktarmak için seçeneklerden birini kullanın


DIŞA AKTAR



APA

Akpınar, M., Salmanpour, F., & Camcı, H. (2019). Does the chin projection and sella point position affect the W angle reliability?. European Oral Research, 0(0), -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251558329


AMA

Akpınar M, Salmanpour F, Camcı H. Does the chin projection and sella point position affect the W angle reliability?. European Oral Research. 2019;0(0):-. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251558329


ABNT

Akpınar, M.; Salmanpour, F.; Camcı, H. Does the chin projection and sella point position affect the W angle reliability?. European Oral Research, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 0, p. -, 2019.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Akpınar, Meryem, and Farhad Salmanpour and Hasan Camcı. 2019. “Does the chin projection and sella point position affect the W angle reliability?.” European Oral Research 0, no. 0: -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251558329


Chicago: Humanities Style

Akpınar, Meryem, and Farhad Salmanpour and Hasan Camcı. Does the chin projection and sella point position affect the W angle reliability?.” European Oral Research 0, no. 0 (Aug. 2025): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251558329


Harvard: Australian Style

Akpınar, M & Salmanpour, F & Camcı, H 2019, 'Does the chin projection and sella point position affect the W angle reliability?', European Oral Research, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. -, viewed 14 Aug. 2025, https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251558329


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Akpınar, M. and Salmanpour, F. and Camcı, H. (2019) ‘Does the chin projection and sella point position affect the W angle reliability?’, European Oral Research, 0(0), pp. -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251558329 (14 Aug. 2025).


MLA

Akpınar, Meryem, and Farhad Salmanpour and Hasan Camcı. Does the chin projection and sella point position affect the W angle reliability?.” European Oral Research, vol. 0, no. 0, 2019, pp. -. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251558329


Vancouver

Akpınar M, Salmanpour F, Camcı H. Does the chin projection and sella point position affect the W angle reliability?. European Oral Research [Internet]. 14 Aug. 2025 [cited 14 Aug. 2025];0(0):-. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251558329 doi: 10.26650/eor.20251558329


ISNAD

Akpınar, Meryem - Salmanpour, Farhad - Camcı, Hasan. Does the chin projection and sella point position affect the W angle reliability?”. European Oral Research 0/0 (Aug. 2025): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251558329



ZAMAN ÇİZELGESİ


Gönderim30.09.2024
Kabul12.01.2025
Çevrimiçi Yayınlanma21.07.2025

LİSANS


Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)

This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.


PAYLAŞ



İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, uluslararası yayıncılık standartları ve etiğine uygun olarak, yüksek kalitede bilimsel dergi ve kitapların yayınlanmasıyla giderek artan bilimsel bilginin yayılmasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları açık erişimli, ticari olmayan, bilimsel yayıncılığı takip etmektedir.