Araştırma Makalesi

DOI :10.26650/eor.20241067980 IUP :10.26650/eor.20241067980 Tam Metin (PDF)

Presence of candida in the dental plaque and saliva of patients with severe early childhood caries and early childhood caries: a pilot study

Esra Özgöçmen, Tuğba Yiğit, Hüseyin Haydar Kutlu

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of candida, which is one of the etiological factors contributing to early childhood caries (ECC) and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), in the dental plaque and saliva of children aged 6 years and younger.

Materials and Methods: Our study involved 60 participants who met the inclusion criteria. Based on clinical examinations, we divided them into three groups, each consisting of 20 children: S-ECC, ECC, and caries-free groups. We collected dental plaque and saliva samples from the children during clinic visits. In the laboratory, we assessed these samples for the presence of candida using the Liofilchem® – ChromaticTM Candida (Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy) medium and identified Candida species.

Results: The presence of Candida in the saliva of children with S-ECC (40%) and ECC (30%) was statistically significant compared to children without caries (p<0.05). Observationally, we found a higher presence of candida only in the dental plaque of children with S-ECC (25%) and ECC (15%) compared to children without caries (p>0.05). In the S-ECC group, we detected Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, and Candida tropicalis in saliva, while Candida albicans was found in dental plaque. In the ECC group, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei were detected, whereas Candida was not detected in children without caries.

Conclusion: It is important to consider the presence of Candida in both saliva and dental plaque, as it potentially plays a role in the pathogenesis of ECC. These findings suggest that 3 This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record identifying and preventing Candida colonization may be valuable for individual risk assessment and could contribute to reducing ECC.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Candida, dental plaque, caries, saliva

Referanslar

Early Childhood Caries: IAPD Bangkok Declaration. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019;29:384-6. google scholar
Chen KJ, Gao SS, Duangthip D, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Prevalence of early childhood caries among 5-year-old children: A systematic review. J Investig Clin Dent 2019;10:e12376. google scholar
Drury TF, Horowitz AM, Ismail AI, Maertens MP, Rozier RG, Selwitz RH. Diagnosing and reporting early childhood caries for research purposes. A report of a workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, the Health Resources and Services Administration, and the Health Care Financing Administration. J Public Health Dent 1999;59:192-7. google scholar
Tanner AC, Mathney JM, Kent RL, Chalmers NI, Hugles CV, Loo CY, et al. Cultivable anaerobic microbiota of severe early childhood caries. J Clin Microbiol 2011;49:1464-74. google scholar
Gupta P, Gupta N, Pawar AP, Birajdar SS, Natt AS, Singh HP. Role of sugar and sugar substitutes in dental caries: a review. ISRN Dent 2013;2013:519421. google scholar
Thomas A, Mhambrey S, Chokshi K, Chokshi A, Jana S, Thakur S, et al. Association of oral Candida albicans with severe early childhood caries- a pilot study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016;10:109-12. google scholar
De Carvalho FG, Silva DS, Hebling J, Spolidorio LC, Spolidorio DM. Presence of Mutans streptococci and Candida spp. in dental plaque/dentine of carious teeth and early childhood caries. Arch Oral Biol 2006;51:1024-8. google scholar
Patel M, Shackleton JT, Coogan MM. Effect of antifungal treatment on the prevalence of yeasts in HIV-infected subjects. J Med Microbiol 2006,55:1279-84. google scholar
Abacı Ö, Haliki A. Candida albicans’ın virulans faktörleri. Orlab On-Line Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi 2004;2:1-8. Available from: http://www.mikrobiyoloji.org/pdf/702040901.pdf google scholar
Iwata K. Fungal toxins as a parasitic factor responsible for the establishment of fungal infections. Mycopathologia 1978;65:141-54. google scholar
Qiu R, Li W, Lin Y, Yu D, Zhao W. Genotypic diversity and cariogenicity of Candida albicans from children with early childhood caries and caries-free children. BMC Oral Health 2015;15:144. google scholar
Sen BH, Safavi KE, Spangberg LS. Colonization of Candida albicans on cleaned human dental hard tissues. Arch Oral Biol 1997;42:513-20. google scholar
Cvanova M, Ruzicka F, Kukletova M, Lipovy B, Gachova D, Izakovicova Holla L, et al. Candida species and selected behavioral factors co-associated with severe early childhood caries: Case-control study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022;12:943480. google scholar
Lozano Moraga CP, Rodríguez Martínez GA, Lefimil Puente CA, Morales Bozo IC, Urzúa Orellana BR. Prevalence of Candida albicans and carriage of Candida non-albicans in the saliva of preschool children, according to their caries status. Acta Odontol Scand 2017;75:30-5. google scholar
Beena MS, Peedikayil FC, GufranAfmed MB, Chandru TP, Soni K, Dhanesh N. Comparison of Candida species isolated from children with and without early childhood caries: A descriptive cross-sectional study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2017;35:296-300. google scholar
Löe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. J Periodontol 1967;38:610-6. google scholar
Silness J, Loe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand 1964;22:121-35. google scholar
Bulut G, Sorguç Y. Oral kandida sıklığı ve türlerinin şiddetli erken çocukluk çağı çürüğü ile ilişkisi: Mikrobiyolojik in-vivo çalışma. İzmir Dr Behçet Uz Çocuk Hast Dergisi 2020;10:219-24. google scholar
Klinke T, Guggenheim B, Klimm W, Thurnheer T. Dental caries in rats associated with Candida albicans. Caries research 2011;45:100 -6. google scholar
Talay T, Odabaş M. Çürük oluşumunda candida ve non-candida türlerinin etkisi. Selcuk Dental Journal 2022;9:352-8. google scholar
Falsetta ML, Klein MI, Colonne PM, Scott-Anne K, Gregoire S, Pai CH, et al. Symbiotic relationship between Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans synergizes virulence of plaque biofilms in vivo. Infect Immun 2014;82:1968-81. google scholar
Hajishengallis E, Parsaei Y, Klein MI, Koo H. Advances in the microbial etiology and pathogenesis of early childhood caries. Mol Oral Microbiol 2017;32:24-34. google scholar
O´Sullivan JM, Jenkinson HF, Cannon RD. Adhesion of Candida albicans to oral streptococci is promoted by selective adsorption of salivary proteins to the streptococcal cell surface. Microbiology 2000;146:41-8. google scholar
Yang XQ, Zhang Q, Lu LY, Yang R, Liu Y, Zou J. Genotypic distribution of Candida albicans in dental biofilm of Chinese children associated with severe early childhood caries. Arch Oral Biol 2012;57:1048-53. google scholar
Xiao J, Moon Y, Li L, Rustchenko E, Wakabayashi H, Zhao X, et al. Candida albicans carriage in children with severe early childhood Caries (S-ECC) and maternal relatedness. PLoS One 2016;11:e0164242. google scholar

Atıflar

Biçimlendirilmiş bir atıfı kopyalayıp yapıştırın veya seçtiğiniz biçimde dışa aktarmak için seçeneklerden birini kullanın

DIŞA AKTAR

APA

Özgöçmen, E., Yiğit, T., & Kutlu, H.H. (2019). Presence of candida in the dental plaque and saliva of patients with severe early childhood caries and early childhood caries: a pilot study. European Oral Research, 0(0), -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20241067980

AMA

Özgöçmen E, Yiğit T, Kutlu H H. Presence of candida in the dental plaque and saliva of patients with severe early childhood caries and early childhood caries: a pilot study. European Oral Research. 2019;0(0):-. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20241067980

ABNT

Özgöçmen, E.; Yiğit, T.; Kutlu, H.H. Presence of candida in the dental plaque and saliva of patients with severe early childhood caries and early childhood caries: a pilot study. European Oral Research, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 0, p. -, 2019.

Chicago: Author-Date Style

Özgöçmen, Esra, and Tuğba Yiğit and Hüseyin Haydar Kutlu. 2019. “Presence of candida in the dental plaque and saliva of patients with severe early childhood caries and early childhood caries: a pilot study.” European Oral Research 0, no. 0: -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20241067980

Chicago: Humanities Style

Özgöçmen, Esra, and Tuğba Yiğit and Hüseyin Haydar Kutlu. “Presence of candida in the dental plaque and saliva of patients with severe early childhood caries and early childhood caries: a pilot study.” European Oral Research 0, no. 0 (May. 2024): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20241067980

Harvard: Australian Style

Özgöçmen, E & Yiğit, T & Kutlu, HH 2019, 'Presence of candida in the dental plaque and saliva of patients with severe early childhood caries and early childhood caries: a pilot study', European Oral Research, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. -, viewed 5 May. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20241067980

Harvard: Author-Date Style

Özgöçmen, E. and Yiğit, T. and Kutlu, H.H. (2019) ‘Presence of candida in the dental plaque and saliva of patients with severe early childhood caries and early childhood caries: a pilot study’, European Oral Research, 0(0), pp. -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20241067980 (5 May. 2024).

MLA

Özgöçmen, Esra, and Tuğba Yiğit and Hüseyin Haydar Kutlu. “Presence of candida in the dental plaque and saliva of patients with severe early childhood caries and early childhood caries: a pilot study.” European Oral Research, vol. 0, no. 0, 2019, pp. -. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20241067980

Vancouver

Özgöçmen E, Yiğit T, Kutlu HH. Presence of candida in the dental plaque and saliva of patients with severe early childhood caries and early childhood caries: a pilot study. European Oral Research [Internet]. 5 May. 2024 [cited 5 May. 2024];0(0):-. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20241067980 doi: 10.26650/eor.20241067980

ISNAD

Özgöçmen, Esra - Yiğit, Tuğba - Kutlu, HüseyinHaydar. “Presence of candida in the dental plaque and saliva of patients with severe early childhood caries and early childhood caries: a pilot study”. European Oral Research 0/0 (May. 2024): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20241067980

Sayı 02019, S. -

ZAMAN ÇİZELGESİ

Kabul	17.07.2023
Çevrimiçi Yayınlanma	10.10.2023

LİSANS

Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)

This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.

European Oral Research