Bir Yeniden Yazım Örneği Olarak On Dokuzuncu Asır Türk Edebiyatı Tarihi: 1949 Yılına Ait Baskıdan 1956 Yılına Ait Baskıya Organizasyon, İçerik, Üslûp Farklılıkları
Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar’ın Türk Edebiyatı’nda Batılılaşma sürecini ele aldığı On Dokuzuncu Asır Türk Edebiyatı Tarihi adlı çalışmasının ilk formaları 1942 tarihinde basılır. 1943 yılında kitabın birinci cildinin tamamlanacağına inanan Tanpınar kalan bölümleri yazdıktan sonra kitabın basılmasına karar verir. Kalan bölümlerin yazılması ve birinci cilt olarak tasarlanan kitabın bitmesi 1949 yılını bulur. 1956 yılında ise bu kitabın gözden geçirilmiş ikinci baskısı yayımlanır. Ancak Tanpınar tarafından gerçekleştirilen bu gözden geçirme esnasında hem metnin organizasyonunda hem de ele alınan konuların mahiyetinde değişiklik yapılır. Bu durum, 1956 yılında yayımlanan ikinci baskıyı bir yeniden yazım olarak değerlendirmeyi mümkün kılar. Bu çalışmada On Dokuzuncu Asır Türk Edebiyatı Tarihi yeniden yazılırken metin üzerinde yapılmış değişikliklerin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla 1949 yılındaki baskı ile 1956 yılındaki baskı arasında Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar tarafından yapılan değişiklikler sırasıyla organizasyon, içerik ve üslûp kategorileri altında bölümlenmiştir. İki baskı arasındaki farkların belirlenmesinin yazarın bu süreçte geçirdiği fikri dönüşümü göstermesi bakımından işlevsel olduğu düşünülmektedir.
As an Example of Rewriting History of Turkish Literature in Nineteenth Century: Organization, Content, Style Differences from 1949 Edition to 1956 Edition
The first section of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar’s History of Turkish Literature in Nineteenth Century, in which he studied the westernization of Turkish literature, was published in 1942. Believing that the first volume of the book would be completed in 1943, Tanpinar decided to publish the book after writing the remaining chapters. The remaining chapters and book that he considered the first volume of his study were completed in 1949. In 1956, the second revised edition of the book was published. However, during this revision the organization of the text and nature of the topics discussed were changed. The changes made it possible to consider the second edition, published in 1956, as a rewrite. In this study, it is aimed to compare the 1949 and 1956 editions of the History of Turkish Literature in Nineteenth Century and determine the differences. Therefore, the changes made by Tanpinar between the 1949 and 1956 editions were divided into categories of organization, content, and style. It is considered that determining the differences between the two editions is functional in terms of showing the intellectual/visional transformation of the author during the revision.
Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar started teaching art history, aesthetics, and mythology at the Fine Arts Academy (Güzel Sanatlar Akademisi) in 1933. On the 100th anniversary of the declaration of the Gülhane Hatt-ı Hümâyunu (Imperial Edict of Gülhane) in 1939, the idea of establishing a new chair within the Faculty of Literature of Istanbul University to examine the changes in the period that Turkish literature had undergone with the Tanzimat was on the agenda. Hasan Âli Yücel, the minister of national education, appointed Tanpinar as a professor to the chair of Modern Turkish Literature in Istanbul University on November 15, 1939. Tanpinar, who had just taken up the position, was asked to prepare a scientific research book. It took him about 10 years to write the book.
First, Tanpinar planned to publish the History of Turkish Literature in Nineteenth Century one chapter at a time, as he wrote them. However, over time, he gave up the idea and waited to finish the entire book for publication. Therefore, when the initial chapters of the book were printed, the year 1942 was written on the inner cover of the 1949 edition. Publication of the book completed in 1949. In 1956, the second edition of the History of Turkish Literature in Nineteenth Century was published. In his review on this edition, Asaf Halet Çelebi drew attention to the fact that the 1956 edition was quite different from the 1949 edition and concluded that the 1956 edition was almost new work compared with the first one. However, Çelebi did not attempt to compare the editions completely.
In this study, we aimed to compare the 1949 and 1956 editions of the History of Turkish Literature in Nineteenth Century and determine the differences. The 1949, 1956, 1967, 2010, and 2016 editions of the book were scanned and compared. Quotations in the 1956 edition were taken from the most recent edition published by Dergâh Publications in 2006 owing to its easier access compared with other publications. However, as our main aim was to reveal the edits, additions, and deletions made by Tanpinar, the subsequent corrections in the Dergâh edition, such as those in date, writers’ names, book titles, and the added bibliography part were not included in the comparison. In the study, the 1949 and 1956 editions were compared in terms of in-text organization, writing style, and content. We analyzed the differences between the two editions under three separate titles. For showing the changes in organization, we prepared tables as they provided a holistic view. We closely examined the expanded content of the 1956 edition that is more voluminous than the first edition. When both editions were analyzed in terms of writing style, we concluded that in this scientific research book, Tanpinar preserved his artistic writing style that he used in his novels and poems. In our conclusion, we made some predictions regarding the effects and thoughts under which the author made corrections in his work, by considering the differences, although the reasons for the changes made in the second edition could not be determined precisely.
