Buddhist Çevre Eski Uygur Türkçesi Metinlerinde Yabancı Kökenli Sözcükler Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Neslihan ÇelikTürk dili, Türk kültürünün birinci aslî unsuru ve taşıyıcısı niteliğindedir. Dil olmadan bir milletin varlığından, kültüründen ve devamlılığından söz etmek mümkün değildir. Türk dili, tarihsel hiçbir dönemde inkıta evresi geçirmemiştir ve bu durum, Türk kültürünün tarih boyunca devamlılık arz ederek günümüze ulaşmasını sağlamıştır. Türklerin farklı sosyal çevrelere dâhil olmaları, onların eserlerinde yeni kavram alanlarına ihtiyaç duymalarını beraberinde getirmiştir. Kavram alanlarına duyulan ihtiyaç, Türk dilinde türetme faaliyetlerinin etkin ve işlek kullanılması ve tercüme eserlerde belirli kavram alanlarında ödünçleme sözcüklerin varlığı ile sonuçlanmıştır. Eski Uygur Türkçesi metinleri de bu bağlamda değerlendirilmelidir. Çalışmamızda Buddhist çevre Eski Uygur Türkçesi metinlerinden “Kuanşi İm Pusar”, “Uygurca Üç Hikâye” ve “Çaştani Bey Hikâyesi” adlı eserler esas alınarak ilgili eserlerde yabancı kökenli sözcükler tespit edilecektir.
An Evaluation of Foreign Oriented Words in the Old Uighur Buddhist Peritexts
Neslihan ÇelikThe Turkish language is the first essential element of the Turkish culture and definitely a culture bearer. It is impossible to speak of the existence, culture and continuity of a nation without language. The Turkish language historically has never been through any period of interruption, and this situation has ensured the continuation of Turkish culture through the history and its reaching the present day. The involvement of Turks in different social circles has led to the need for new conceptual fields in their works. The need for new conceptual fields has resulted in the efficient and effective use of derivation activities in the Turkish language, and the formation of new borrowed words in certain conceptual fields in the translated works. Old Uighur Turkic texts should be evaluated in this context. Our work will be based on the works titled “Kuanşi İm Pusar”, “Uygurca Üç Hikâye” and “Çaştani Bey Hikâyesi” and foreign origin words will be detected in related works.
The first essential element of any culture is language, and without language it is not possible to speak of the existence of a society. Societies have developed and used new words in relation to their geography in each period. Therefore, it is possible to make general inferences about the culture of the society that speaks a language by considering the existing vocabulary. Similarly, the Turkish language reflects Turkish culture and it has been the bearer of Turkish culture for centuries. In order to talk about the existence of a cultural concept, it is necessary to mention the words related to that concept in the language of that nation.
Language has developed in relation to culture across all periods. This situation reveals that language and culture cannot be evaluated independently. In other words, literary works should not be evaluated independently of the periods in which they are written, and the social conditions and the cultural elements of the society in which they are written should be taken into consideration. In this way, while examining the works of the Old Uighur Turkish period, it is not possible to evaluate them independently from the social environment, to make sense of them and to shed light upon the conceptual fields of those words.
The Uighur Turks are a Turkish tribe with a developed civilization and have succeeded in conveying their high level of civilization up to the present day with their works in different social circles such as Manicheism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam. As a result, Uighur Turks have played an important role in maintaining tradition. In this study, words of foreign origin in "Kuanşi İm Pusar”, “Three Stories in Uighur”and “Çaştani Bey Story” which are among the texts of Buddhist environment Old Uighur Turkish have been determined. Classified words are listed alphabetically.
While determining borrowed words in Old Uighur Buddhist peritexts, Sinasi Tekin's Uyghur Texts I: Kuanşi İm Pusar, and Three Stories in Uighur translated by S. Himran and “The Story of Çaştani Bey” written by A. von Gabain and FWK Müller which was translated by S. Himran were taken as the basis.
In this study, the words of foreign origin identified in the works mentioned above are arranged alphabetically under three titles. After giving the origins and meanings of the words, the numbers indicate the line number of the word in the text.
