Kırgız Türkçesinde Hayvan Adlarıyla Kurulan Deyimler (At ve İt Örneğinde)
Erdal AydoğmuşTarih sahnesinde farklı adlarla, çeşitli coğrafyalarda neslini devam ettirerek yaşam sürmüş olan Türk milleti, bulundukları bölgelerde hayvanlarla yakından ilgilenmiştir. Hayvanları evcilleştirme yolunu benimseyerek, insanoğluna yardımcı olan hayvanları keşfeden Türkler, böylece evcil hayvanlarla yakın bir münasebet kurmuşlardır. Evcilleştirilen hayvanlar arasında özellikle at, Türk milleti açısından gözde bir hayvan olarak ön plana çıkmıştır. Deyimler, bir dilin en önemli zenginlikleri arasında yer almaktadır. Deyimlerden yola çıkarak o dili konuşan milletin geçmişi, kültürü, örf ve adetleri ile gelenek ve görenekleri hakkında fikir edinilebilir. Tarihte iz bırakan Türk milletinin tarihi kadar dili de köklü ve zengin bir yapıya sahiptir. Türk dilinin varlıkları arasında deyimler de önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Kuzey-Batı Türk lehçesi grubunda yer alan Kırgız Türkçesindeki deyimler arasında hayvan adlarıyla kurulan deyimler de bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Kırgız Türkçesindeki hayvan adlarıyla kurulan deyimler arasında en çok görülen at ve it sözcüğüyle kurulan deyimler, at ve it sözcüğünün başka bir hayvan adıyla oluşturduğu deyimler ve atla ilgili cılkı, bee gibi sözcüklerden oluşan deyimler ele alınmıştır.
Idioms Formed With Animal Names in Kyrgyz Turkish (In the Examples of At and İt)
Erdal AydoğmuşThe Turkish nation, who has existed under different names in various geographies throughout, has been closely interested in the animals in the regions where they were located. By choosing the method of domestication, the Turks discovered the animals that helped mankind. Among the domesticated animals, the horse especially came to the fore as a favorite animal for the Turkish nation. Idioms are among the most important wealth of a language. Based on the idioms, an idea can be obtained about the history, culture, customs and traditions of a nation that speaks that language. As well as its history, The Turkish nation, which left its mark on history, has a deep-rooted language with a rich structure. Idioms have an important place among the assets of the Turkish language. Among the idioms in Kyrgyz Turkish, in the north-west Turkish dialect group, there are also idioms established with animal names. In this study, among the idioms formed with animal names in Kyrgyz Turkish, the most common idioms including the words “at” (horses) and “it” (dogs), idioms formed with the words “at” and “it” with another animal name and idioms including the words such as “cılkı” and “bee” were discussed.
Human beings have built a close relationship with the geography they have lived in since the day they came into being. Depending on the general features and life of that geography, animals have become a part of their daily lives. First of all, the animals’ power, then their meat, skin, eggs and suchlike were profited.
The Turks used a calendar consisted of animal names for a period and named it “ Turkish Calendar with 12 Animals”. The connection of animals with Turkish culture can be understood from here. Apart from Turkish calendar, animal names have been used in many other areas like place names, human names and surnames, and also nicknames formed with animal names. For their positive characteristics, animal names such as “lion”, “falcon” and “hawk” have been used both as names and surnames.
From past to present, culture and language are important values that have been sustaining each other. As a result of this interaction, it is seen that animal names have also been included in idioms, which are one of the most important treasures of a language. Therefore, idioms formed with animal names are also met in Kyrgyz Turkish.
Idioms are also the wealth of a language and a mirror of a nation’s past. Idioms include many issues such as the cultural values of a nation, their lifestyle and view of life. After all, they are valuable words that have emerged from people’s life experiences.
In this study, the most common Kyrgyz Turkish idioms that formed with the words “at” and “it”, idioms in which another animal name is mentioned in addition to the words “at” and “it” and idioms including cubs are discussed.
The discussed idioms including animal names were classified as those that consist of two words and do not have a verb element in their structure; those that consist of more than two words and do not have a verb element in their structure; those that consist of two words ending with an infinitive; those that consist of more than two words ending with an infinitive; those in which another animal and organ names are mentioned in addition to the word “at” and “it”, and those that consist of the names of cubs.
The idioms are given in Cyrillic alphabet (in its original form) and written beside in Latin alphabet. The abbreviation of the works are shown in capital letters, the publication year of the work and the page number of idioms are shown in parentheses next to the idioms. In addition, the idioms in Kyrgyz Turkish are explained in Turkey Turkish and the idioms in Turkey Turkish that have the same or close meaning have also been added.
In this study, beside the idioms in which the names “at” ,“it” and “cubs” are mentioned, there are also idioms formed with the names of some other animals and organs. In addition, idioms with other words for horses such as “cılkı” and “bee” were also included in the article.
It is agreed that the analyzed idioms are consisted of at least two words and at most seven words. It is seen that idioms formed with five, six and seven words is very low in number.
Among the idioms, the word “it” comes to the fore with 39 idioms, followed by idioms Türkiyat Mecmuası 357 Erdal Aydoğmuş formed with the word “at” with 21 idioms. However, when the idioms are examined, different animal names are found in the other 18 idioms.
Among the idioms, the word “it” comes to the fore with 39 idioms, followed by idioms Türkiyat Mecmuası 357 Erdal Aydoğmuş formed with the word “at” with 21 idioms. However, when the idioms are examined, different animal names are found in the other 18 idioms.
When the idioms are examined in terms of negativity, a total of 37 reported idioms can be seen. It is determined that among the idioms expressing negativity, idioms formed with the word “it” (28) are the most. It is understood that most of the idioms formed with the word “at”, which is the name of the other subject animal, are used in positive sense.
In some of the idioms, it is found that there are idioms formed with the word “at” and “it” with other animal names. Camel, bird, cat and snake are mentioned among the animals beside the word “at” and “it”.
