Millî Mücadele Döneminde Dertli Gazetesi
Millî Mücadele sırasında kamuoyu yaratma ve halkı yönlendirmede basın önemli rol oynamıştır. Mustafa Kemal Paşa Millî Mücadelenin başından itibaren basına büyük önem vermiş, Kuvâ-yı Milliye hareketinin yanında yer alan bir basının oluşması için çaba sarf etmiştir. İstanbul ve Anadolu’nun çeşitli vilayetlerinde çıkartılan Millî Mücadele yanlısı gazeteleri ilgi ile takip etmiş, yürüttüğü mücadeleyi kamuoyuna duyurmada bir araç olarak görmüştür. Millî Mücadele’nin ulusal ve uluslararası kamuoyu desteğinin sağlanmasında, halkın doğru bilgi edinmesinde Millî Mücadele yanlısı basın önemli bir işlevi yerine getirmiştir. Millî Mücadele döneminde Anadolu basının en önemli örneklerinden birisi Bolu’da yayınlanan Dertli gazetesidir. Vilayet matbaasında çıkartılan gazete Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın önderliğinde yürütülen Millî Mücadele’nin Bolu’da sözcülüğünü yerine getirmiş, yayınları ile kamuoyunu aydınlatıp halkın bilinçlenmesini sağlamıştır. Gazete, 1919’dan 1928 yılına kadar yayın hayatını sürdürmüştür. Gazetenin imtiyaz sahibi TBMM Bolu milletvekili İlyaszade Şükrü Bey’dir. Haftalık olarak çıkartılan gazetenin sorumlu yazı işleri müdürü dava vekili Ali Saib Beydir. Gazetede Millî Mücadele ve erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi ile ilgili yayınlara, Bolu ve çevresine ait siyasi, iktisadi ve kültürel konulara yer verilmiştir. Dertli Gazetesi tam koleksiyonu ile günümüze kadar muhafaza edilebilen Anadolu basınının seçkin örneklerinden birisini oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmada Dertli Gazetesi’nin Hakkı Tarık Us Koleksiyonunda bulunan tüm sayıları gözden geçirilerek gazetede çıkan yazı ve haberler incelenerek gazetenin yazar kadrosu, yayın ilkeleri ve politikası hakkında veriler değerlendirilecektir. Doküman incelemeye dayalı olarak nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak yapılacak çalışmada gazetede yer alan Millî Mücadele ile ilgili haber ve yazıların bölgede oluşturulan Kuvâ-yı Millîye’ye sağladığı destekele alınacaktır.
Dertli Newpaper During the War of Independence
During the War of Independence the press played a great role in diverting and creating a public opinion. During the War of Independence, Mustafa Kemal Pasha prioritised the presence of the press and media, and performed great efforts to ensure its presence aside the Kuvâ-yı Milliye (National Forces). He followed pro-War of Independence press in Istanbul and varıous cities of Anatolia very closely, and saw them as a means to inform the public of the struggle that was taking place. Pro-War of Independence press in Istanbul and Anatolia became a crucial part in gaining the support of national and international actors, as well as playing a great role in fulfilling its duty by correctly informing the public. One of the most important examples of the Anatolian press during the National Struggle Period was the Dertli newspaper in Bolu. The newspaper was published in the provincial printing house, and it informed and enlightened the public on the War of Independence led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as the provincial spokesmanship. The newspaper was published between 1919 and 1925. The Publisher of the newspaper was known as Deputy of Bolu to the Turkish Grand National Assembly, İlyaszade Şükrü Bey. The editor-in-chief of the weekly newspaper was Ali Saib Bey. The newspaper published news on the War of Independence, the early stages of the Republic, as well as news on politics, business and culture in Bolu and its surrounding provinces. The Dertli Newspaper is one of the outstanding examples of the Anatolian press, which has been kept up to the present day with its full collection. In this study, all the issues of the Dertli newspaper in the Hakki Tarik Us Collection will be reviewed, and the articles and news in the newspaper will be examined, and the data on staff, publication principles and policy of the newspaper will be evaluated. The study will be conducted using a qualitative research method based on document review and the contribution of the news and articles related to the War of Independence, and its contribution to the National Forces.
The press supportive of the national struggle played a crucial role in informing people and seeking national and international support for the National Struggle. Mustafa Kamal Pasha aimed to continue the Struggle with the support of the press. In this period the newspapers Minber, İrade-i Milliye and Hakimiyet-i Milliye paved the way for the foundation of Anatolian News Agency and the Press General Directorate.
There was a visible increase in the number of Anatolian press supportive of the national struggle carried out under the leadership of Mustafa Kamal Pasha after the Greek occupation of İzmir. These newspapers, published with great devotion, became the announcers for the national struggle rising as a result of the unfair occupation of Anatolia by the Allied Powers. The newspapers were published nonwithstanding big difficulties financially and technically, but published only 200-600 pieces. Generally, most of them were colourless two pages without pictures, only with one sheet. Those published two-three times a week were four pages.
We must appreciate the effort and determination of those newspapers that supported the national struggle despite material and nonmaterial difficulties, sought ways for the liberation of the nation and the land, and tried hard to raise the awareness of the people. One of those newspaperswhich were published in line with national profits despite censor and oppression by the Allied Powers and the collaborator Damat Ferit Pasha Government, was the newspaper Dertli, published in Bolu. The newspaper published in the Bolu Provincial Press acted as spokesperson in the region for the National Struggle, and raised awareness among the people with its issues, including local news, the newspaper usually conveyed the National Struggle themed news and developments in the national and international press. The paper had the goal to inform its readers on fields like education, health, history and religion, as well as citing national and international political issues. It was generally published as one sheet, two pages, and the upper part of the first page included a logo of Dertli, the grant holder, managing director, printing house, editorial room, year, issue, sales, subscription info and advert fares. The newspaper was published from 1919 until 1928. The grant holder of the newspaper was İlyaszade Şükrü Bey, Member of Parliament for Bolu. The newspaper was published weekly, and the editor in chief was attorney Ali Saib Bey, while the contributors included names such as Tunalı Hilmi Bey. It included publishing about the National Struggle and the Republican Period, as well as political, financial and cultural issues in Bolu, and the environment. The people of Bolu supported the Struggle and held aid campaigns with all efforts as in all of Anatolia. The amounts collected via these campaigns were released to the public in detail in the relevant issues. Each victory in the National Struggle was announced to the readers with great joy in every issue. The celebrations in the city, as a result of those good news, were also included in the newspaper. The headlines in the newspaper were Mustafa Kamal Pasha, parliamentarian elections, the Independence Court, the Damat Ferit Pasha Government, Sultan Vahdettin, Turkish-Greek War, election rallies held in Bolu during the National Struggle, aid campaigns in Bolu during the National Struggle, the Paris Conference, the sultanate, the caliphate, the Treaty of Lausanne, practices of forestry, industry, prosperity and education in Bolu, and the Malta memoirs of Mehmet Akif Bey. Analysing the editorials, articles highlighting social unity, political and financial development catch our attention. Articles generally had a fluent language use and included comments on the National Struggle. Besides, there were periodical writings on political developments, education, prosperity and economy. Because of the political and social circumstances Mustafa Kamal wrote often on love of the country, nation, and flag, not submitting to the enemy, giving one’s own, being determined andanti-Greek. The newspaper Dertli is an outstanding example of Anatolian press that has been kept until today as a whole collection. Thus, the newspaper is a fundamental source for the history of the National Struggle.
In this work, all issues of the newspaper Dertli based in the Hakkı Tarık Us Library will be scanned, writings and news will be analysed, and the editorial staff, publishing principal and policy will be evaluated. A qualitative research method based on document analysis will be used. We will discuss Contribution of the Struggle-related news and writings of the Turkish Revolutionaries formed in the region.
