Ń (Ny) Sesinin Saha (Yakut) Türkçesindeki Kullanımı
Mehtap Solak SağlamSaha (Yakut) Türkçesi Türkçenin uzak lehçelerinden bir tanesi olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu lehçe bünyesindeki eski dil unsurlarını büyük oranda korumaktadır. /ń/ sesi de Eski Türkçede bulunan ve günümüzde Saha (Yakut) Türkçesinin alfabesinde bulunan bir sestir. Bu ses Saha (Yakut) Türkçesinin kelimelerinde, kelime başında bulunmaz. Yalnızca kelime içinde ve sonunda kullanılır. Bu sesin genel durumuna bakıldığında alıntı kelimelerde, yansımalar ve yansımalardan türeyen isim ve fiillerde, yer ve kişi adlarında kelime başında kullanımına rastlamak mümkündür. Eski Türkçe bu sesi bulundurduğu ifade edilen kelimelerde kullanılan /ń/ sesi dikkate alındığında, sesin Saha (Yakut) Türkçesinde /y/ sesi ile karşılandığı görülmektedir. Eski Türkçe /ń/ sesini bulunduran kelimeler dikkate alındığında Dolgancanın bu sesi daha fazla koruduğu görülmektedir. Bunun dışında /ń/ sesinin Saha Türkçesi için farklı kullanım yerleri bulunmaktadır. Zaman zaman bu sesin farklı seslerle (/n/, /c/, /y/) birbiri yerine kullanıldığı da görülmektedir. Bu ses dışında Saha Türkçesinde konuşmada kullanılan, sözlüklerde konuşmada kullanıldığı belirtilen /ý/ sesi de /ń/ sesi yerine kullanılabilmektedir.
Usage of Ń (Ny) Voice in Sakha (Yakut) Turkish
Mehtap Solak SağlamSaha (Yakut) Turkish is considered as one of the distant dialects of Turkish. This dialect preserves the old language elements within its body to a large extent. The /ń/ sound is also a sound that is found in Old Turkish and is in the alphabet of Sakha (Yakut) Turkish today. This sound is not found at the beginning of the word, in Sakha (Yakut) Turkish words. It is used only in the word and at the end. Considering the general condition of this sound, it is possible to see its use at the beginning of the word in the words borrowed, in nouns and verbs derived from reflections, and in the names of places and people. Considering the /ń/ sound used in the words that have this sound in Old Turkish, it is seen that the sound is met with the /y/ sound in Saha (Yakut) Turkish. Considering the words containing the Old Turkish /ń/ sound, it is seen that Dolgan has more preserved this sound. Apart from that, the /ń/ sound has different uses for Sakha Turkish. Sometimes it is seen that this sound is used interchangeably with different sounds (/n/, /c/, /y/). Apart from this sound, the /ý/ sound, which is used in speech in Saha Turkish and stated to be used in speech in dictionaries, can also be used instead of the /ń/ sound.
Sakha (Yakut) Turkish differentiated with other Turkish dialects in the early period. It emerges as a Turkish dialect that needs attention with its preservation of the old language elements. The letter /ń/, which distinguishes the old Turkish script from other writing systems, appears as a difference. This sound is in the alphabet of Sakha (Yakut) Turkish today. This sound, which is not found at the beginning of the word in old Turkish and in today’s Sakha (Yakut) Turkish, is used in the middle and end of Turkish-origin words. Considering the Old Turkish period, it is seen that the sound is differentiated as /n/ and /y/ since the Old Uyghur period. Different studies have been done on the words containing the /ń/ sound in the old Turkish studies. In this study, the words that are stated to have this sound in Old Turkish studies were evaluated in terms of Sakha (Yakut) Turkish. Old Turkish /ń/ vowel words were investigated and evaluated from Sakha (Yakut) Turkish dictionaries and grammars. This section is the first part of the study. Looking at the words examined in this section, it is seen that the Old Turkish /ń/ sound is generally met with the /y/ sound in Sakha (Yakut) Turkish.
In the continuation of the study, the place of /ń/ sound separately in Sakha (Yakut) Turkish is emphasized. Remarkable results have been reached in this section. In Sakha Turkish, it is seen that the words containing the /ń/ sound at the beginning of the word are mostly onomatopoeic words and verbs and nouns derived from these, place and personal names, and words that have been transferred to Sakha Turkish from other languages. Considering the /ń/ sound in Sakha Turkish, it is seen that it can be used interchangeably with the /n/ sound, the /ý/ sound and /c/ sound.
When evaluated in terms of old Turkish /ń/ words, it can be said that Dolgan Turkish preserves this sound more than Sakha Turkish does. In Dolgan, the words “ańıg”, “meńi”, “küńeş” are preserved with the sound /ń/ in Sakha Turkish. That Dolgan preserves the /ń/ sound can be thought of as related to the absence of the Dolgan Turkısh /ý/ sound. Unlike the /y/ sound in the alphabet, the /ý/ sound in speech is the nasal /y/ sound used in Sakha Turkish. This sound which is used in speech and described as “nasal sound” or “y nasal” in dictionaries is not included in the alphabet, it is used in utterance, and it is phonemic. In the words borrowed from Russian, letter-ordered words that produce this sound in pronunciation, there are words from which the letter /ń/ originates, while adapting to the sound characteristics of Sakha (Yakut) Turkish. Some sound events originating from Mongolian can also cause the emergence of the /ń/ sound in the words of Sakha Turkish.
In general, we see that the Old Turkish /ń/ sound corresponds to the /y/ sound in Sakha Turkish most of the time. When the dictionaries are scanned and the studies are examined, the Old Turkish /ń/ sound is preserved in a limited number of words, and sometimes it can be met with the /ý/ sound in Sakha Turkish in a limited number of words. Apart from that, there is /ń/ sound as a separate sound in the alphabet which is in general use. There are various situations that produce this sound. In general, it is seen that this sound is used in borrowings from other languages, especially in words borrowed from Russian, and can be used interchangeably with the nose /ý/ sound, and appears next to the sounds /m/, /ŋ/ and /n/.
