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DOI :10.26650/JGEOG2024-1184235   IUP :10.26650/JGEOG2024-1184235    Tam Metin (PDF)

Understanding Plant Endemism in and Around Akdağ Through Topographical and Climatic Parameters

Çetin Şenkul, Esra Köse

This study involves Akdağ and its surroundings, Akdağ being located between the provinces of Afyonkarahisar and Denizli. The aim of the study is to determine the distribution of endemic plant locations according to topographic (altitude, slope) and climatic (temperature, precipitation) factors and to evaluate the correlations among these distributions using statistical analyses. For this purpose, the study has listed the current endemic plant taxa and identified the locations of 101 endemic plants. These locations were transferred to the ArcMap database, and the distribution of endemic plant taxa according to topographic and climatic factors were explained using spatial statistics and descriptive statistical analyses. According to the analysis results, the elevation range with the highest concentration of endemic plant locations is between 1085-1185 m. The areas with slope values of 12-24 degrees are where endemic plants are seen the most. Areas with an annual average temperature of 12°C and annual precipitation of 500-530 mm more commonly have endemic locations than other areas. As a result, the study has evaluated within its scope the topographic (altitude, slope) and climatic (temperature and precipitation) factors affecting the distribution of endemic plants.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Akdağ, endemic plants, topographic and climatic factors
DOI :10.26650/JGEOG2024-1184235   IUP :10.26650/JGEOG2024-1184235    Tam Metin (PDF)

Akdağ ve Yakın Çevresinde Topografik ve İklimsel Parametreler Üzerinden Bitki Endemizmini Anlamak

Çetin Şenkul, Esra Köse

Bu çalışma, Afyonkarahisar ve Denizli illeri arasında yer alan Akdağ ve yakın çevresinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı endemik bitki lokasyonlarının topoğrafik (yükselti, eğim) ve iklimsel faktörlere (sıcaklık, yağış) göre dağılımlarını belirleyerek, bu dağılımlar arasındaki ilişkiselliği istatistiksel analizler aracılığıyla değerlendirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda güncel endemik bitki taksonları listenmiş ve 101 endemik bitkinin lokasyonu belirlenmiştir. Bu lokasyonlar ArcMap veri tabanına aktarılmış, endemik bitki taksonlarının topoğrafik ve iklimsel faktörlere göre dağılımları mekânsal istatistik ve tanımlayıcı istatistiksel analizler ile açıklanmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre, endemik bitki lokasyonlarının en yoğun olduğu yükselti basamakları 1085-1185 m’dir. Eğim değerlerinin 12-24 olduğu alanlar endemik bitkilerin en çok görüldüğü alanlardır. Yıllık ortalama sıcaklık değerlerinin 12°C olduğu ve yıllık yağış değerlerinin 500-530 mm olduğu alanlarda ise endemik lokasyonları diğer alanlara göre daha yoğundur. Sonuç olarak endemik bitkilerin dağılımını etkileyen ekolojik özelliklerden topoğrafik (yükselti, eğim) ve iklimsel (sıcaklık ve yağış) faktörler bu çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Akdağ, endemik bitkiler, topoğrafik ve iklimsel faktörler

GENİŞLETİLMİŞ ÖZET


This study involves Akdağ and its surroundings, Akdağ being located between Afyonkarahisar and Denizli provinces in the Aegean Region. The aim of the study is to determine the distribution of endemic plant locations in the study area according to topographic factors (altitude, slope) and climatic characteristics (temperature, precipitation) and to evaluate the correlation between these distributions using statistical analyses.

For this purpose, the study has listed the endemic plant taxa, carried out field work in line with the determined list, updated the plant list, and identified 101 endemic plant locations. The information about the obtained plant locations was transferred to a geographical database. The environmental parameters in the database and the endemic taxon points were matched using geographic information systems (GIS). Using this location information transferred to the ArcMap 10.2.1 database, the study explains the distribution of endemic plant taxa according to topographic factors and climatic characteristics within the framework of spatial statistics and descriptive statistical analyses.

As a result, the corresponding values for the endemic plant taxa were entered into the relevant parameter to obtain the characteristics of each of the endemic taxa. In addition, the study area was compared with other locations (e.g., Murat Mountain, Barla Mountain, Honaz Mountain, and the Sultan Mountains) in 122 important plant areas to identify similarities and differences (number of endemic taxa, flora regions, and altitude values) regarding the endemic plant taxa.

According to the analysis results, when comparing the endemic plant taxa numbers according to the altitude ranges, 35 endemic plant taxa are distributed on Barla Mountain above 2,000 m. Fifteen endemic plant taxa are found in the study area, 15 on Murat Mountain, 28 on Honaz Mountain, and four on the Sultan Mountains. Although the elevation range with the highest concentration of endemic plant locations (18.8%) occurs at 1085-1185 m, the areas with the highest distribution of endemic locations (27.7%) have slope values of 12-24 degrees, with 31% of endemic taxa being found in areas with an annual average temperature of 12°C. Areas with an annual average precipitation value between 500-530 mm are seen to have 26.7% of the endemic locations distributed among them. 

As a result, Akdağ and its surroundings are found to be rich in endemism, to be composed of different morphological and lithological units, to have valleys that act as a shelter for plants, to have climate characteristics that create microclimate areas for plant taxa, and to enable the formation of microhabitats. The high average altitude in the study area of Akdağ makes it a rich area in terms of endemic plant taxa, especially with the height increases at the summit of the mountain having an increase in species richness. The mountain being isolated from its surroundings also functions as an island biogeography.

The ecological characteristics of Akdağ and its surroundings allow the plant taxa of the three flora regions and the endemic plant taxa of these flora regions to be distributed in the field. Other endemic plant taxa distributed in Akdağ and its vicinity are also distributed as having Mediterranean, Eastern Mediterranean (coastal), Eastern Mediterranean (mountain), and Iranian Turan elements. The endemic plant taxa of Akdağ and its surroundings reveal a character that is partly close to each other and partly different from each other in terms of their ecological preferences. This thus shows that the local ecological characteristics of each plant taxon in the field are important. Topographic and climatic conditions have special importance among local ecological characteristics and form various microhabitat areas for the presence of endemic plant taxa in Akdağ and its immediate surroundings. In this way, endemic plant taxa have developed in microhabitats and enabled the study area to exist as a rich area in Türkiye in terms of endemism.


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APA

Şenkul, Ç., & Köse, E. (2024). Understanding Plant Endemism in and Around Akdağ Through Topographical and Climatic Parameters. Coğrafya Dergisi, 0(48), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2024-1184235


AMA

Şenkul Ç, Köse E. Understanding Plant Endemism in and Around Akdağ Through Topographical and Climatic Parameters. Coğrafya Dergisi. 2024;0(48):1-15. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2024-1184235


ABNT

Şenkul, Ç.; Köse, E. Understanding Plant Endemism in and Around Akdağ Through Topographical and Climatic Parameters. Coğrafya Dergisi, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 48, p. 1-15, 2024.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Şenkul, Çetin, and Esra Köse. 2024. “Understanding Plant Endemism in and Around Akdağ Through Topographical and Climatic Parameters.” Coğrafya Dergisi 0, no. 48: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2024-1184235


Chicago: Humanities Style

Şenkul, Çetin, and Esra Köse. “Understanding Plant Endemism in and Around Akdağ Through Topographical and Climatic Parameters.” Coğrafya Dergisi 0, no. 48 (Aug. 2025): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2024-1184235


Harvard: Australian Style

Şenkul, Ç & Köse, E 2024, 'Understanding Plant Endemism in and Around Akdağ Through Topographical and Climatic Parameters', Coğrafya Dergisi, vol. 0, no. 48, pp. 1-15, viewed 16 Aug. 2025, https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2024-1184235


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Şenkul, Ç. and Köse, E. (2024) ‘Understanding Plant Endemism in and Around Akdağ Through Topographical and Climatic Parameters’, Coğrafya Dergisi, 0(48), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2024-1184235 (16 Aug. 2025).


MLA

Şenkul, Çetin, and Esra Köse. “Understanding Plant Endemism in and Around Akdağ Through Topographical and Climatic Parameters.” Coğrafya Dergisi, vol. 0, no. 48, 2024, pp. 1-15. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2024-1184235


Vancouver

Şenkul Ç, Köse E. Understanding Plant Endemism in and Around Akdağ Through Topographical and Climatic Parameters. Coğrafya Dergisi [Internet]. 16 Aug. 2025 [cited 16 Aug. 2025];0(48):1-15. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2024-1184235 doi: 10.26650/JGEOG2024-1184235


ISNAD

Şenkul, Çetin - Köse, Esra. “Understanding Plant Endemism in and Around Akdağ Through Topographical and Climatic Parameters”. Coğrafya Dergisi 0/48 (Aug. 2025): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2024-1184235



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Gönderim04.10.2022
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Çevrimiçi Yayınlanma05.07.2024

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