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DOI :10.26650/jspc.2019.76.0007   IUP :10.26650/jspc.2019.76.0007    Tam Metin (PDF)

Temel Gelir: Modern Devletlerde Uygulanabilir Mi?

Candogan Orlu

Temel gelir, evrensel ve koşulsuz olarak tüm bireylere sağlanan nakit geliri kavramıdır. Modern devletlerin sosyal refah düzenlerinde yaşadıkları zorluklar, devletleri çözüm arayışına itmiştir. Alternatif olarak değerlendirilen temel gelir kavramının da popülerliği son yıllarda bu sebeple artmış. 


Temel gelir fikrinin eşitlikçi ve kapsayıcı özelliklerinden ötürü oldukça destek görmektedir. Toplumda tam kapsam sağlamak ve gelir dağılımında adalet sağlamak gibi öne çıkan özellikleri dikkat çekmektedir. Diğer yandan etik ve finansal açılardan güçlü eleştiriler de yapılmaktadır. Her bireye, topluma bir katkı sağlama iradesi olmasa dahi gelir sunmak fikri, temel yaşam ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilme hakkı ile sonu olmayan bir çatışmaya girmiştir. Çalışmama hakkı ve topluma fayda sağlama yükümlülüğü etrafında şiddetli tartışmalar yapılmıştır. Eleştiriler ve karşı etik gerekçeleri bu çalışmada değerlendirilmeye sunulmuştur. Finansal eleştirileri göz ardı etmeyerek finansman problemleri ve temel gelir programlarının yeterliliği masaya yatırılmış, karşı görüşler ile birlikte olası çözümler de sunulmuştur. Uluslararası temel gelir uygulamaları ve deneyleri kısaca sunulmuş ve sonuçları yorumlanmıştır. 


Sonuç olarak bazı temel gelir uygulama çeşitleri, günümüzdeki sosyal güvenlik sıkıntılarını gidermekte uygulanabilir olarak önerilmiştir. Öncelikle temel gelirin modern sosyal güvenlik sistemlerine, dağıtım ve finansman sorunlarından dolayı, ikame değil de tamamlayıcı bir fayda aracı olarak uygulanabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. İkinci olarak kısmı temel gelirin, kamuya ait doğal ve milli kaynakların olduğu ülkelerde mümkün olabileceği sonucu çıkartılmıştır. Son olarak da temel gelirin, teknolojik gelişmeler sonucunda kaybolacak mesleklerden doğacak işsizlikle mücadele konusunda etkili bir araç olarak kullanılması önerilmiştir. 

JEL Classification : I30 , H53 , H55
DOI :10.26650/jspc.2019.76.0007   IUP :10.26650/jspc.2019.76.0007    Tam Metin (PDF)

Basic Income: is it Applicable to Modern States?

Candogan Orlu

Basic income is a concept of a universal and unconditional cash benefit provided to all individuals, without any means test or work-related requirement. The struggles of modern states in sustaining the current social welfare models has resulted in the search for long term alternatives, which hassled to the popularity of basic income in recent decades. 


Due to its equal and comprehensive nature, many have championed the basic income idea to promote fairness in income distribution and total coverage. On the other hand, there are strong criticisms against a basic income both on ethical and financial levels. The everlasting conflict of providing an income to every individual even if they are not willing to contribute to society, versus the right to a basic living standard and freedom to work has been discussed. The criticisms and ethical justifications of the system are provided for review. Notwithstanding, financial criticisms, funding problems and adequacy of a basic income scheme is also discussed along with the counter arguments and possible solutions. International applications and experiments in basic income are also briefly presented and their results are commented on. 


In conclusion, some variations of basic income are suggested as suitable to solve today’s social security struggles. First, it is deduced that basic income could be a supplemental benefit and not a replacement to modern social security schemes due to distribution and funding issues. Secondly, a partial basic income is possible to implement in state owned natural and national resources. And finally, basic income is suggested as an efficient tool to tackle unemployment caused by disappearing professions as a result of technological advancements. 

JEL Classification : I30 , H53 , H55

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APA

Orlu, C. (2019). Temel Gelir: Modern Devletlerde Uygulanabilir Mi?. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 0(76), 213-237. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2019.76.0007


AMA

Orlu C. Temel Gelir: Modern Devletlerde Uygulanabilir Mi?. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi. 2019;0(76):213-237. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2019.76.0007


ABNT

Orlu, C. Temel Gelir: Modern Devletlerde Uygulanabilir Mi?. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 76, p. 213-237, 2019.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Orlu, Candogan,. 2019. “Temel Gelir: Modern Devletlerde Uygulanabilir Mi?.” Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi 0, no. 76: 213-237. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2019.76.0007


Chicago: Humanities Style

Orlu, Candogan,. Temel Gelir: Modern Devletlerde Uygulanabilir Mi?.” Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi 0, no. 76 (Apr. 2025): 213-237. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2019.76.0007


Harvard: Australian Style

Orlu, C 2019, 'Temel Gelir: Modern Devletlerde Uygulanabilir Mi?', Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, vol. 0, no. 76, pp. 213-237, viewed 30 Apr. 2025, https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2019.76.0007


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Orlu, C. (2019) ‘Temel Gelir: Modern Devletlerde Uygulanabilir Mi?’, Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 0(76), pp. 213-237. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2019.76.0007 (30 Apr. 2025).


MLA

Orlu, Candogan,. Temel Gelir: Modern Devletlerde Uygulanabilir Mi?.” Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, vol. 0, no. 76, 2019, pp. 213-237. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2019.76.0007


Vancouver

Orlu C. Temel Gelir: Modern Devletlerde Uygulanabilir Mi?. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi [Internet]. 30 Apr. 2025 [cited 30 Apr. 2025];0(76):213-237. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2019.76.0007 doi: 10.26650/jspc.2019.76.0007


ISNAD

Orlu, Candogan. Temel Gelir: Modern Devletlerde Uygulanabilir Mi?”. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi 0/76 (Apr. 2025): 213-237. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2019.76.0007



ZAMAN ÇİZELGESİ


Gönderim12.06.2019
Kabul03.07.2019
Çevrimiçi Yayınlanma12.07.2019

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