Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi

GÖNDERBİLGİ
EnglishTürkçe

Araştırma Makalesi


DOI :10.26650/jspc.2022.82.1105587   IUP :10.26650/jspc.2022.82.1105587    Tam Metin (PDF)

Filipino Migrant Women in Domestic Work: A Comparative Evaluation Among Turkiye, East Asian, and Middle Eastern Countries

Aslı Kavurmacı

This study examines the work experiences of female Filipino domestic workers in some countries and presents comparative evaluations between Turkiye and selected countries in the Middle East and East Asia. From this point of view, the data used in the study were collected from different country cases, including Turkiye and selected countries in East Asia and the Middle East. The evaluations were revealed through descriptive analysis with comparison. Several studies, reports, and news about female Filipino domestic workers from these countries were reviewed throughout this research. By comparing the working conditions and their experiences in said countries, it is understood that workers are alone in bearing the consequences of the lack of protection between the walls of private homes. Therefore, this study stresses that immigrant workers’ rights are violated at domestic-related work in many ways. They face severe abuses and human rights violations in some regions where slave-like conditions still exist. As a result, reviewing the existing migration and labour laws should be the first step to be taken by the host countries. As such, sustainable policies should be introduced immediately to reduce the vulnerability of migrant domestic workers and provide adequate protection.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Migrant Workers, Domestic Work, Filipino Workers, Working Conditions, Turkiye

PDF Görünüm

Referanslar

  • Aboueldahab, N. (2021). Social Protection, Not just Legal Protection: Migrant Laborers in the Gulf. Brookings Doha Center, (Policy Note, August). Retrieved from https:// www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Migrant-laborers-in-the-gulfEnglish.pdf, 30.03.2022 google scholar
  • Acosta, I., & Acosta, A. S. (2013). In Pain and in Wail: A Phenomenology of the Abuses of the Filipino Domestic Workers. Cambridge. Retrieved from https://www.wiego.org/ sites/default/files/resources/files/Student_Research_Paper-phenomenology_abuses_ Filipino_Domestic_Workers_Qatar-Acosta_Acosta_2013.pdf, 02.04.2022 google scholar
  • Agunias, D. R., & Ruiz, N. G. (2007). Protecting Overseas Workers: Lessons and Cautions from the Philippines. Insight - MPI, (September), 1–32. google scholar
  • Akalın, A. (2016). “Biz Lejyonerleriz!”: İstanbul’daki Filipinli Ev İşçileri. In D. Ö. Koçak & O. K. Koçak (Eds.), İstanbul Kimin Şehri?: Kültür, Tasarım, Seyirlik ve Sermaye (pp. 1–14). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları. google scholar
  • Al-Ghanim, K. (2015). Kafala System Remains Resilient in the GCC. Gulf Affairs, Labor Market Dynamics in the GCC States , OxGAPS, Oxford Gulf & Arabian Peninsula Studies Forum. 6-8. google scholar
  • Asis, M. M. B. (2006). The Philippines’ Culture of Migration. Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved from https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/philippines-culture-migration, 02.03.2022 google scholar
  • Asis, M. M. B. (2017). The Philippines: Beyond Labor Migration, Toward Development and (Possibly) Return. Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved from https://www. migrationpolicy.org/article/philippines-beyond-labor-migration-toward-developmentand-possibly-return, 01.03.2022 google scholar
  • BBC News. (2017). Singapore couple jailed for starving Philippine maid. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39402698, 11.03.2022 google scholar
  • BBC News. (2018). Joanna Demafelis: Employers of Filipina maid found dead in freezer arrested. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-43177349, 11.03.2022 google scholar
  • Çelik, N. (2005). Immigrant Domestic Women Workers in Ankara and Istanbul. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. Retrieved from https://open.metu.edu.tr/ handle/11511/15321, 21.03.2022 google scholar
  • Çeltikçi, M. (2019). Küresel “Minyon Kahverengi” Kadın Emeği: Türkiye’de Çalışan Filipinli Kadınlar (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kadın Çalışmaları Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul google scholar
  • Cheng, S. J. A. (1996). Migrant women domestic workers in Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan: A comparative analysis. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 5(1), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.1177/011719689600500107 google scholar
  • CNN Philippines. (2020). Kuwaiti employer sentenced to death for killing Filipina domestic worker. Retrieved from Kuwaiti employer sentenced to death for killing Filipina domestic worker, 11.03.2022 google scholar
  • Constable, N. (2007). Maid to Order in Hong Kong (Second Edi). Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. google scholar
  • Cortés, P., & Pan, J. (2013). Outsourcing household production: Foreign domestic workers and native labor supply in Hong Kong. Journal of Labor Economics, 31(2), 327–371. https://doi.org/10.1086/668675 google scholar
  • ÇSGB. (2022). Çalışma Hayatı İstatistikleri Kitabı. Retrieved from https://www.csgb. gov.tr/cgm/istatistikler/calisma-hayati-istatistikleri-kitabi/, 31.03.2022 google scholar
  • Deniz, A. (2018). Türkiye’ye Filipinli Dadı Göçü: Aracı Firmaların Rolünü Anlamak. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 16(2), 289–301. google scholar
  • Deniz, G., Kaluç, B. F., & Uysal, H. (2020). İstanbul’da Ev ve Bakım Hizmetlerinde Çalışan Filipinli Kadınlar: Göç, Emek ve Gündelik Hayat. Pasajlar Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Haziran Sayısı. Retrieved from https://www.pasajlardergisi.com/wpcontent/uploads/2021/01/Sayi-5Gulten-Deniz-Firdevs-Busra-Kaluc-Hilal-Uysal.pdf, 21.02.2022 google scholar
  • Everington, K. (2019). 38% of migrant caregivers in Taiwan abused by employers. Retrieved from https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3824153, 21.03.2022 google scholar
  • Fivecorridorsproject.org. (2021). Philippines to Taiwan: Fair recruitment in review. Retrieved from https://fivecorridorsproject.org/uploads/C4_Philippines_Taiwan-1. pdf, 11.02.2022 google scholar
  • GovHK. (2021). Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics (2021 Edition). Hong Kong. Retrieved from https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/en/EIndexbySubject. html?scode=460&pcode=B1010003, 21.03.2022 google scholar
  • GovHK. (2022a). Hiring Foreign Domestic Helpers (FDHs). Retrieved from https:// www.gov.hk/en/theme/guidebook/employment/family/foreigndomestichelper.htm, 21.03.2022 google scholar
  • GovHK. (2022b). Statistics on the number of Foreign Domestic Helpers in Hong Kong (English), 21.03.202 google scholar
  • GOVPH. (2022). Philippine Development Plans: 2001-2010, 2011-2016, 2016-Present. Retrieved from https://pdp.neda.gov.ph/devt-plans/, 21.03.2022 google scholar
  • Gürson, M. A. (2021). Corporeal Bodies Beyond Borders: Experiences of Migrant Filipina Nannies in Turkiye (Master Dissertation), The Graduate School of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical University, Ankara google scholar
  • Hosoda, N. (2020). Countering Abuse Against Philippine Migrant Workers. Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/countering-abuse-against-philippine-migrantworkers/, 20.02.2022 google scholar
  • Human Rights Watch. (2018). Kuwait/Philippines: Protect Filipino Migrant Workers. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/02/21/kuwait/philippines-protectfilipino-migrant-workers, 20.02.2022 google scholar
  • IDWF. (2020). Annual Report 2020. Hong Kong. Retrieved from https://idwfed.org/en/ resources/idwf-publications, 01.04.2022 google scholar
  • ILO. (2011). C189 - Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189). Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ ILO_CODE:C189, 10.02.2022 google scholar
  • ILO. (2020). Dismantling the kafala system and introducing a minimum wage mark new era for Qatar labour market. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/beirut/countries/qatar/ WCMS_754391/lang--en/index.htm, 20.02.2022 google scholar
  • ILO. (2021). Making decent work a reality for domestic workers: Progress and prospects ten years after the adoption of the Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189). Geneva. google scholar
  • International Human Rights Clinic. (2013). The Protection of the Rights of Migrant Domestic Workers in a Country of Origin and a Country of Destination: Case Studies of the Philippines and Kuwait. Washington, D.C. Retrieved from https://jscholarship. library.jhu.edu/bitstream/handle/1774.2/61402/2013 Domestic-Workers-Report. pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y, 30.01.2022 google scholar
  • ITUC. (2017). Facilitating Exploitation: A review of Labour Laws for Migrant Domestic Workers in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. Brussels. google scholar
  • Johnson, M. (2010). Diasporic Dreams, Middle-Class Moralities and Migrant Domestic Workers Among Muslim Filipinos in Saudi Arabia. The Asia Pacific Journal Of Anthropology, 11(3–4), 428–448. https://doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2010.512921 google scholar
  • Khan, A., & Harroff-Tavel, H. (2011). Reforming the Kafala: Challenges and Opportunities in Moving Forward. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 20(3–4), 293–313. https:// doi.org/10.1177/011719681102000303 google scholar
  • Kökkılınç, A. G. (2019). Ev Hi̇zmetleri̇nde Çalışan İşçi̇nin İş İli̇şki̇si̇. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(2), 537–557. https://doi.org/10.24889/ ifede.653959 google scholar
  • Lan, P.-C. (2000). Remapping Identities across Borders and at Home: Filipina Migrant Domestic Workers and Taiwanese Employers. In The Fifth Annual Conference on the History and Culture of Taiwan. University of California at Los Angeles. google scholar
  • Lin, C.-J. (1999). Filipina Domestic Workers in Taiwan: Structural Constraints and Personal Resistance. Taiwan Grassroots Women Workers’ Centre. Retrieved from https://gigs.kmu.edu.tw/images/Chin-Ju_Lin/1999_Filipina_Domestic_Workers_in_ Taiwan.pdf, 20.03.2022 google scholar
  • Loh, J., & Estrellado, A. F. (2016). Filipino Domestic Workers and Their Capacity Development. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 1–18. https://doi. org/10.1177/0022167816654357 google scholar
  • Macairan, E. (2002). 900 Filipino workers flee jobs in Taiwan. Retrieved from https:// gulfnews.com/uae/900-filipino-workers-flee-jobs-in-taiwan-1.379217, 10.03.2022 google scholar
  • Maconocido, J. F. (2021). The Other Side of The Greener Pasture: The Narratives of Filipina Migrants in Turkiye (Master Dissertation). Istanbul Aydın University, Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul. google scholar
  • McKay, D. (2020). The Philippines–Hong Kong migration corridor. In R. Bastia, Tanja ; Skeldon (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Migration and Development (pp. 435– 440). UK: Routledge. google scholar
  • Menegatti, E. (2016). Migrant Domestic Workers: Promoting Occupational Safety and Health. International Labour Organization Research Series. Global Action Programme on Migrant Domestic Workers and Their Families, Geneva. Retrieved from https:// www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---migrant/documents/ briefingnote/wcms_467720.pdf, 20.02.2022 google scholar
  • MFA. (2012). Reform of the Kafala (Sponsorship) System. Retrieved from https:// mfasia.org/migrantforumasia/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/reformingkafala_final.pdf, 08.03.2022 google scholar
  • Migrant-rights.org. (2022). Reform the Kafala System. Retrieved from https://www. migrant-rights.org/campaign/end-the-kafala-system/, 08.03.2022 google scholar
  • Misssion For Migrant Workers. (2021). 2020 Service Report. Hong Kong: MFMW Limited. Retrieved from https://www.migrants.net/reports, 02.02.2022 google scholar
  • Moors, A., & Regt, M. de. (2008). Migrant domestic workers in the Middle East. In L. L. and C. Q. Marlou Schrover, Joanne van der Leun (Ed.), Illegal Migration and Gender in a Global and Historical Perspective (pp. 151–170). Amsterdam University Press. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46mwss.9?seq=1, 18.03.2022 google scholar
  • Nadeau, K. (2007). A maid in servitude: Filipino domestic workers in the Middle East. Migration Letters, 4(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33182/ml.v4i1.207 google scholar
  • Naufal, G., & Malit, Jr., F. (2018). Exploitation and the Decision to Migrate: The Role of Abuse and Unfavorable Working Conditions in Filipina Domestic Workers’ Desire to Return Abroad. IZA – Institute of Labor Economics, (11677). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3217495 google scholar
  • O’Neil, K. (2004). Labor Export as Government Policy: The Case of the Philippines. Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved from https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/ labor-export-government-policy-case-philippines, 12.03.2022 google scholar
  • Pan, S.-M., & Yang, J.-T. (2011). Sexual Abuse of Live-In Care Workers in Taiwan. Sexual Abuse - Breaking the Silence, 223–238. https://doi.org/10.5772/2675 google scholar
  • Parrenas, R. S. (2019). Domestic Work in the UAE: The Moral Dilemma of the Day Off. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 18(1), 117–125. google scholar
  • Pascual, A. (2017).“Manufacturing”Domestic Workers: Examining the differences in patterns of recruitment in Taiwan and Hong Kong, An analysis of politial factors: civil society. School of Political Studies, University of Ottawa. google scholar
  • Paul, A. M. (2011). Stepwise International Migration: A Multistage Migration Pattern for the Aspiring Migrant. American Journal of Sociology, 116(6), 1842–1886. https://doi. org/10.1086/659641 google scholar
  • Philippine Statistics Authority. (2022). 2020 Overseas Filipino Workers (Final Results). Retrieved from https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/survey/labor-and-employment/surveyoverseas-filipinos, 28.03.2022 google scholar
  • Pleasance, C. (2018). Filipino maid is found dead and stuffed in a FREEZER in Kuwait as police probe the deaths of seven others and President Duterte orders “total ban” on workers being sent to the country. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/ article-5390803/Filipino-maid-dead-inside-FREEZER-Kuwait.html, 01.04.2022 google scholar
  • POLO TOKYO. (2022). Highlights of Accomplishments and Best Practices (2021). Retrieved from https://polotokyo.dole.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ HIGHLIGHTS-OF-ACCOMPLISHMENTS-AND-BEST-PRACTICES-3-9-22.pdf, 28.03.2022 google scholar
  • Research Office LC Secretariat. (2017). Foreign domestic helpers and evolving care duties in Hong Kong (2016-2017 No. 4). Retrieved from https://www.legco.gov.hk/ research-publications/english/1617rb04-foreign-domestic-helpers-and-evolving-careduties-in-hong-kong-20170720-e.pdf, 28.03.2022 google scholar
  • Sayres, N. J. (2007). An Analysis of the Situation of Filipino Domestic Workers. International Labour Organization. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/manila/ publications/WCMS_124895/lang--en/index.htm google scholar
  • Silvey, R., & Parreñas, R. (2020). Precarity chains: cycles of domestic worker migration from Southeast Asia to the Middle East. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(16), 3457–3471. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1592398 google scholar
  • Taiwan Ministry of Labour. (2022). Foreign Workers in Productive Industries and Social Welfare by Various Type and Nationality. Retrieved from https://statdb.mol.gov.tw/ html/mon/c12050.htm, 19.01.2022 google scholar
  • The World Bank. (2021). Migration and Remittances Data. Retrieved from https:// www.worldbank.org/en/topic/migrationremittancesdiasporaissues/brief/migrationremittances-data, 18.02 google scholar
  • WEIGO. (2022). Driving Forces & Working Conditions. Retrieved from https://www.wiego.org/informal-economy/occupational-groups/domesticworkers#:~:text=Abuse%2C Harassment and Violence&text=Live-in domestic workers experience,physical%2Fsexual abuse by employers, 28.03.2022 google scholar
  • Yalçın, Ç. (2015). Türkiye’de ev hizmetlerinde çalışan göçmen kadınlar ve ekonomik şiddet. Fe Dergi: Feminist Eleştiri, 7(1), 50–60. google scholar
  • Zailon II, D. (2018). İstanbul’da Ev İşinde Çalışan Filipinli Kadın İşçilerin Yaşam Kalitesi ve İş Koşullarının Belirlenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir google scholar
  • Zailon II, D., & Mandıracıoğlu, A. (2022). İstanbul’daki Filipinli ev işinde çalışan kadın işçilerin yaşam kalitesi ve çalışma durumunun belirlenmesi. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 7(1), 122–133. google scholar

Atıflar

Biçimlendirilmiş bir atıfı kopyalayıp yapıştırın veya seçtiğiniz biçimde dışa aktarmak için seçeneklerden birini kullanın


DIŞA AKTAR



APA

Kavurmacı, A. (2022). Filipino Migrant Women in Domestic Work: A Comparative Evaluation Among Turkiye, East Asian, and Middle Eastern Countries. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 0(82), 357-382. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2022.82.1105587


AMA

Kavurmacı A. Filipino Migrant Women in Domestic Work: A Comparative Evaluation Among Turkiye, East Asian, and Middle Eastern Countries. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi. 2022;0(82):357-382. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2022.82.1105587


ABNT

Kavurmacı, A. Filipino Migrant Women in Domestic Work: A Comparative Evaluation Among Turkiye, East Asian, and Middle Eastern Countries. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 82, p. 357-382, 2022.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Kavurmacı, Aslı,. 2022. “Filipino Migrant Women in Domestic Work: A Comparative Evaluation Among Turkiye, East Asian, and Middle Eastern Countries.” Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi 0, no. 82: 357-382. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2022.82.1105587


Chicago: Humanities Style

Kavurmacı, Aslı,. “Filipino Migrant Women in Domestic Work: A Comparative Evaluation Among Turkiye, East Asian, and Middle Eastern Countries.” Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi 0, no. 82 (May. 2025): 357-382. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2022.82.1105587


Harvard: Australian Style

Kavurmacı, A 2022, 'Filipino Migrant Women in Domestic Work: A Comparative Evaluation Among Turkiye, East Asian, and Middle Eastern Countries', Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, vol. 0, no. 82, pp. 357-382, viewed 12 May. 2025, https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2022.82.1105587


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Kavurmacı, A. (2022) ‘Filipino Migrant Women in Domestic Work: A Comparative Evaluation Among Turkiye, East Asian, and Middle Eastern Countries’, Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 0(82), pp. 357-382. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2022.82.1105587 (12 May. 2025).


MLA

Kavurmacı, Aslı,. “Filipino Migrant Women in Domestic Work: A Comparative Evaluation Among Turkiye, East Asian, and Middle Eastern Countries.” Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, vol. 0, no. 82, 2022, pp. 357-382. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2022.82.1105587


Vancouver

Kavurmacı A. Filipino Migrant Women in Domestic Work: A Comparative Evaluation Among Turkiye, East Asian, and Middle Eastern Countries. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi [Internet]. 12 May. 2025 [cited 12 May. 2025];0(82):357-382. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2022.82.1105587 doi: 10.26650/jspc.2022.82.1105587


ISNAD

Kavurmacı, Aslı. “Filipino Migrant Women in Domestic Work: A Comparative Evaluation Among Turkiye, East Asian, and Middle Eastern Countries”. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi 0/82 (May. 2025): 357-382. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2022.82.1105587



ZAMAN ÇİZELGESİ


Gönderim18.04.2022
Kabul19.05.2022
Çevrimiçi Yayınlanma30.06.2022

LİSANS


Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)

This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.


PAYLAŞ



İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, uluslararası yayıncılık standartları ve etiğine uygun olarak, yüksek kalitede bilimsel dergi ve kitapların yayınlanmasıyla giderek artan bilimsel bilginin yayılmasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları açık erişimli, ticari olmayan, bilimsel yayıncılığı takip etmektedir.