Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections

The journal is an open access journal and all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.

The open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Authors publishing with the journal retain the copyright to their work licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ) and grant the Publisher non-exclusive commercial right to publish the work. CC BY-NC 4.0 license permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Editörler, yayınlanan makalede, bulguları, yorumları ve sonuçları etkilemeyen küçük hatalar tespit edilirse düzeltme yayınlamayı düşünebilirler. Editörler, bulguları ve sonuçları geçersiz kılan büyük hatalar / ihlaller söz konusu olduğunda, makaleyi geri çekmeyi düşünmelidir.

Yazarlar tarafından araştırma veya yayını kötüye kullanmaya yönelik olasılık söz konusu ise; bulguların güvenilir olmadığına ve yazarların kurumlarının olayı soruşturmadığına dair kanıtlar var veya olası soruşturma haksız veya sonuçsuz görünüyor ise, editörler endişe ifadesi yayınlamayı düşünmelidir. Düzeltme, geri çekme veya endişe ifadesi ile ilgili olarak COPE ve ICJME yönergeleri dikkate alınır.

Geri Çekme

Dergi geri çekme durumunda COPE Retraction Guidelines’ı izler.

Editör, aşağıdaki durumlarda bir makaleyi geri çekme hakkına sahiptir:

• Büyük bir hata (örn. yanlış hesaplama veya deneysel hata), uydurma öğeler  (örn. veri) veya tahrifat (örn. görüntü manipülasyonu) gibi bulguların güvenilmez olduğu sonucunu çıkarmaya dair açık kanıtlar varsa;
• İçerikte intihal varsa;
• Uygun atıf yapılmadan başka bir yerde yayınlanmışsa;
• Kullanım izni olmayan materyal veya veri içeriyorsa;
• Telif hakkı ihlali veya başka bir ciddi yasal sorun varsa;
• Etik olmayan araştırma içeriyorsa;
• Hakem değerlendirme sürecinin bozulduğuna veya manipüle edildiğine dair kanıt varsa;
• Yazar(lar), editörün görüşüne göre, çalışmanın yorumlanmasını veya editörlerin ve hakemlerin tavsiyelerini önemli derecede etkileyebilecek, kritik bir çıkar çatışmasını açıklamamış ise.

Geri çekme durumunda aşağıdaki adımlar izlenir:

• Makale başlığını da içeren geri çekme bildirimi derginin bir sonraki sayısında yayınlanır. Geri çekme bildirimi  içindekiler tablosunda sayfa nosu verilerek listelenir.
• Elektronik versiyonda geri çekme bildirimi ile orijinal makale arasında link sağlanır.
• Online makaleden önce geri çekme bildirimini içeren sayfa gelir; okuyucu daha sonra makalenin kendisine geçebilir.
• Orijinal makale, her sayfadaki .pdf üzerinde “geri çekildiğini” belirten bir filigran dışında değişmeden kalır.

Yasal Nedenlerle Makalenin Kaldırılması

Aşağıdaki durumlarda, üst veriler (başlık ve yazarlar) hariç olmak üzere, makale metni kaldırılır ve makalenin yasal nedenlerle kaldırıldığını bildiren bir sayfa makalenin yerini alır.

• Makalenin karalayıcı içerik ihtiva ettiği veya başkalarının yasal haklarını ihlal ettiği tespit edilir ve geri çekmenin yeterli bir çözüm olmadığı düşünülürse;
• Makale bir mahkeme kararına konu olmuşsa veya olacağına dair makul bir neden varsa;
• Kamu sağlığı açısından önemli bir risk söz konusu ise;  

Dergide yayınlanan tüm yazıların korunmasını ve kalıcı olarak erişilebilir olmasını sağlamak için makaleler, ulusal bir arşiv sitesi olarak hizmet veren ve aynı zamanda LOCKSS'in içeriği toplamasına, korumasına ve sunmasına izin veren Dergipark'ta saklanmaktadır.

Ek olarak, yazarların kendilerinin makalelerinin son PDF sürümünü Open Archives Initiative (https://www.openarchives.org/) standartlarına uygun açık elektronik arşivlerde arşivlemeleri önerilir. Yazarlar, yayınladıkları arşiv versiyonundan, İ.Ü. Yayınevinin dergi web sitesinin URL'sine bağlantı sağlamalıdır.

The journal adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.

- Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.

- The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.

- The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.

- Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.

- Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.

- The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.

- In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.

- If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.

- In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.

- For studies carried out on animals, the measures taken to prevent pain and suffering of the animals should be stated clearly.

The Journal takes as principle to comply with the ethical standards of World Medical Association (WMA) Declaration of Helsinki – Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects and WMA Statement on Animal Use in Biomedical Research.

An approval of research protocols by the Ethics Committee in accordance with international standards mentioned above is required for experimental, clinical, and drug studies and for some case reports. If required, ethics committee reports or an equivalent official document will be requested from the authors. For manuscripts concerning experimental research on humans, a statement should be included that shows that written informed consent of patients and volunteers was obtained following a detailed explanation of the procedures that they may undergo. Information on patient consent, the name of the ethics committee, and the ethics committee approval number should also be stated in the Materials and Methods section of the manuscript. It is the authors’ responsibility to carefully protect the patients’ anonymity. For photographs that may reveal the identity of the patients, signed releases of the patient or of their legal representative should be enclosed.  The authors are responsible for conducting experimental and clinical studies on animal experiments within the framework of existing international legislation on animal rights. Authors must also obtain permission from the Animal Experiment Ethics Committees and provide relevant information in the Material and Method section to experiment with animals. Author(s) are required to prepare manuscripts in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines for experimental animal studies.

Experimental research on either cultivated or wild plants, including collection of plant material must follow international principles and guidelines. The journal advises authors to comply with with the Convention on Biological Diversity, Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and IUCN Commission Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction

In accordance with the Environmental Law and the Convention on Biodiversity, the Permit Certificate required for the collection of all kinds of biological materials (plants, animals, microorganisms, etc.) or samples containing biological materials from nature throughout Turkey obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks must be acquired. The journal recommends following these rules.

Collection of research materials from nature for scientific research for flower bulbs, whose collection, production, harvest and export from nature are subject to quota, is subject to the permission of the Ministry. The permit must be obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Plant Production (BÜGEM). To collect “Plant Genetic Resources”; Permission from BÜGEM is not sufficient. In accordance with the Environmental Law and the Convention on Biodiversity; a permit must also be obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks.  In case of entering forest, national park, wetland, conservation area etc to  collect “Plant Genetic Resources”;  the required permit document(s) for these areas must be obtained separately. The journal recommends following these rules.

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.

All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the Copyright Agreement Form. The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.

All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment.
When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.

Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.

Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.

Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.

Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.

A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.

The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.

Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.

Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.

Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.

Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.

A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.

The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

• Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.
• Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software.
• After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by Editor-in-Chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.
• Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.
• The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international referees for evaluation.
• Publication decision is given by Editor-in-Chief upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.
• Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.
• Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.

• Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?
  • Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?
  • Is the problem significant and concisely stated?
  • Are the methods described comprehensively?
  • Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?
  • Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?
  • Is the language acceptable?

• Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.
• A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.
• The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction.
• The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons.
• The anonymity of the referees is important.

Although references to review articles can be an efficient way to guide readers to a body of literature, review articles do not always reflect original work accurately. Readers should therefore be provided with direct references to original research sources whenever possible. On the other hand, extensive lists of references to original work on a topic can use excessive space on the printed page. Small numbers of references to key original papers often serve as well as more exhaustive lists, particularly since references can now be added to the electronic version of published papers, and since electronic literature searching allows readers to retrieve published literature efficiently. Papers accepted but not yet included in the issue are published online in the Early View section and they should be cited as “advance online publication”. Citing a “personal communication” should be avoided unless it provides essential information not available from a public source, in which case the name of the person and date of communication should be cited in parentheses in the text. For scientific articles, written permission and confirmation of accuracy from the source of a personal communication must be obtained.

Reference Style and Format

Citations in the Text
Citations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year within the parenthesis.
If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;).

Samples:
More than one citation;
(Esin et al., 2002; Karasar, 1995)
Citation with one author;
(Akyolcu, 2007)
Citation with two authors;
(Sayıner & Demirci, 2007)
Citation with more than two authors;
(Çavdar et al., 2003)

In Turkish article
More than one citation;
(Esin vd., 2002; Karasar, 1995)
Citation with one author;
(Akyolcu, 2007)
Citation with two authors;
(Sayıner & Demirci, 2007)
Citation with more than two authors;
(Çavdar vd., 2003)

Citations in the Reference
All the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.

Basic Reference Types
Book
a) Turkish Book
Karasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (8^th ed.). Ankara, Turkey: 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.
b) Book Translated into Turkish
Mucchielli, A. (1991). Zihniyetler [Mindsets] (A. Kotil, Trans.). İstanbul, Turkey: İletişim Yayınları.
c) Edited Book
Ören, T., Üney, T. & Çölkesen, R. (Eds.) (2006). Türkiye bilişim ansiklopedisi. İstanbul, Turkey: Papatya Yayıncılık.
d) Turkish Book with Multiple Authors
Tonta, Y., Bitirim, Y. & Sever, H. (2002). Türkçe arama motorlarında performans değerlendirme. Ankara, Turkey: Total Bilişim.
e) Book in English
Kamien R. & Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
f) Chapter in an Edited Book
Bassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. In G. Hall & C. Birchall (Eds.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 220–237). Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.
g) Chapter in an Edited Book in Turkish
Erkmen, T. (2012). Örgüt kültürü: Fonksiyonları, öğeleri, işletme yönetimi ve liderlikteki önemi. In M. Zencirkıran (Ed.), Örgüt sosyolojisi (pp. 233–263). Bursa, Turkey: Dora Basım Yayın.

Article
a) Article
de Cillia, R., Reisigl, M. & Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002

Doctoral Dissertation, Master’s Thesis
a) Dissertation/Thesis
Le Goff, G. 2011. Benefits of aggregation in Tetranychus urticae (Doctoral dissertation). Catholic University of Louvain, Faculty of Sciences, Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute.

b) Dissertation/Thesis from a Commercial Database
Van Brunt, D. (1997). Networked consumer health information systems (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 9943436)
c) Dissertation/Thesis from an Institutional Database
Yaylalı-Yıldız, B. (2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from: http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portali

Presentation, Proceeding

a) Symposium Contribution
Krinsky-McHale, S. J., Zigman, W. B. & Silverman, W. (2012, August). Are neuropsychiatric symptoms markers of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome? In W. B. Zigman (Chair), Predictors of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in adults with Down syndrome. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.
b) Conference Paper Abstract Retrieved Online
Liu, S. (2005, May). Defending against business crises with the help of intelligent agent based early warning solutions. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Miami, FL. Abstract retrieved from http://www.iceis.org/iceis2005/abstracts_2005.htm
c) Conference Paper - In Regularly Published Proceedings and Retrieved Online
Herculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H. & Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593–12598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105
d) Proceeding in Book Form
Parsons, O. A., Pryzwansky, W. B., Weinstein, D. J. & Wiens, A. N. (1995). Taxonomy for psychology. In J. N. Reich, H. Sands, & A. N. Wiens (Eds.), Education and training beyond the doctoral degree: Proceedings of the American Psychological Association National Conference on Postdoctoral Education and Training in Psychology (pp. 45–50). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
e) Paper Presentation
Nguyen, C. A. (2012, August). Humor and deception in advertising: When laughter may not be the best medicine. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.

• Copyright Agreement Form
• Title page
• Author Form

Ensure that the following items are present:

●    Cover letter to the editor

ü    The category of the manuscript

ü    Confirming that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.

ü    Including disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement.

ü    Confirming that the statistical design of the research article is reviewed.

ü    Confirming that last control for fluent English was done.

ü    Confirming that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.

ü    Confirming that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in

line with APA 6.

●    Copyright Agreement Form

●    Permission of previously published copyrighted material if used in the present manuscript

●    Title page

ü    The category of the manuscript

ü    The title of the manuscript

ü    All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail

addresses

ü    Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax number

ü    ORCIDs of all authors.

●    Main Manuscript Document

ü    The title of the manuscript

ü    Abstract (250-300 words)

Original articles must have a structured abstract with subheadings (Objective, Materials and Methods, Results, and Conclusion).

Abstracts of Short Communicaions and Reviews should be unstructured.

ü    Key words: 3 to 5 words

ü    Main article sections

ü    Grant support (if exists)

ü    Conflict of interest (if exists)

ü    Acknowledgement (if exists)

ü    References

ü    All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)