Umut-Umutsuzluk Diyalektiği Bağlamında Hasan Ali Toptaş’ın Romanlarında Kuş Motifi
Beyza ErtemÇağımızın önde gelen romancılarından biri olan Hasan Ali Toptaş hakkında akademik düzeyde birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar içinde öne çıkanlar, tematik çalışmalardır. Yazarın romanları, farklı yorumlara açık metinler olduklarından yapılan çalışmalar bahsi geçen romanlara farklı perspektiflerden bakmaya imkân tanımaktadır. Ayrıca, yazarın metinleri modernist ve postmodernist nitelikler taşıdığı için okur merkezli okumalara açıktır. Umut ve umutsuzluk kavramları, yazarın romanlarında sıklıkla yer almakta ve özellikle roman kişilerinin hayata bakışını biçimlendirmektedir. Bu özelliğiyle umut, Toptaş edebiyatının anahtar kelimelerinden biridir. Benzer bir şekilde yazarın romanlarında öne çıkan ve yinelenen unsurlardan biri de kuş sözcüğüdür. Bir edebî eserde yinelenen unsurlar motif olarak değerlendirilebileceği gibi, aynı yazarın farklı eserlerinde yer alan ortak unsurlar da bir araya gelerek bir motif oluşturabilir. Eserlerde tespit edilen motifler genellikle tek başına ve tek eser esas alınarak anlamlandırılmaktadır. Oysa yazarın farklı eserlerinde yer alan ortak motiflerin aynı amaca hizmet etmesi de ihtimal dahilindedir. Metinlerarası araştırmalar, bu ihtimalin varlığını destekler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Hasan Ali Toptaş’ın yayımlanmış yedi romanında ortak bir şekilde yer alan kuş motifini yorumlamak ve bu motifin işlevini ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda bir varlık olarak kuşun taşıdığı nitelikler, insanın umutlu ve umutsuz hâliyle ilişkilendirilecektir.
The Bird Motif in Hasan Ali Toptaş's Novels in the Context of Hope-Hopelessness Dialectics
Beyza ErtemHasan Ali Toptaş, one of the leading novelists of our time, has been extensively studied on academic levels. The most prominent ones among these studies are thematic studies. As the author's novels are open to different interpretations, these works allow us to look at the novels from different perspectives. In addition, the author's texts are open to reader response criticism because they have modernist and postmodernist qualities. The concepts of hope and despair are often included in the novels of the author and shape the way in which the characters look at life. With this feature, hope is one of the key words of Toptaş literature. Likewise, one of the prominent and recurring elements in the novels of the author is the word bird. Repeating elements in a literary work can be considered as motifs, but also common elements from different works of the same author can come together to form a motif. The motifs identified in the works are usually interpreted on their own and based on a single work. However, it is possible that the common motifs in different works of the author serve the same purpose. Intertextual research studies support this possibility. The aim of this study is to interpret the bird motif as a commonality in the seven published novels of Hasan Ali Toptaş, and to reveal the function of this motif. Accordingly, the qualities of the bird as an entity will be associated with the hopeful and hopeless condition of man.
Hope is at the core of humanity. Human existence is understood with hope. Man shapes his position, path and future in the world by hoping. The hopeful and hopeless state of a person affects not only the moment he is in, but also the steps he will take. Many philosophers have included the concept of hope in building their philosophy. In particular, existentialist philosophy benefited from this concept in its efforts to explain and make sense of the human struggle in the world. While hope leads people to good, despair and anxiety take the people to bad. On the other hand, there are also thinkers who approach the situation differently. These thinkers consider that the human struggle is directly connected to the hopeless. According to those thinkers, the struggle in the world is empty and meaningless. When we put all this aside, the hopeful quest of man has become the subject of literature. This shows us that hope is what guides people in many fictional texts. Hopeful people dream. The person who dreams, hopes to realize his dreams. This cycle continues with life and is never ending. For centuries, mankind has survived the worst situations, wars and destruction. Despite this, people did not stop hoping for a moment. There is hope at the heart of the desire to change the world and the present situation. For an author, it is impossible to think of a dreamless and hopeless person. Many authors have used both of these elements which we explained to create their main character. As an example, it is not deniable that the Little Prince has given hope to readers. On the other hand, there is hope at the basis of utopian and dystopic narratives. The hopeful expectation of man has created new worlds, and the hopeless state has destroyed these worlds. While Gabriel Marcel built a metaphysics of hope, Kierkegaard was fed by despair and anxiety. Ecology in fictional texts has been the subject of many studies in recent years. Authors have included non-human beings in their texts and turned them into images. These images can be interpreted in the text, as well as have been intertextual features. For example, Kafka likened man to an insect to criticize the modern world. Livingston's Seagull “Jonathon” tells how a seagull (and therefore a living thing) has achieved its ability to fly high beyond its limits. The concepts that animals and plants symbolize are different. These creatures can have both national and universal qualities. Therefore, how the work is approached is very important. Hasan Ali Toptaş is one of the leading representatives of contemporary Turkish literature. His novels are often associated with the philosophy of existence. The characters created in this direction are open to reading along with the concepts of hope and despair. The novelism of the author is not uniform. Toptaş is a writer who tries to write in different ways. His novels show many features of modernism and postmodernism. On the other hand, one of the elements frequently repeated in the novels of the author is the word bird. In his works, the bird takes place both as a living being and as a motif. It is an element of analogy. Birds, as a living being, are often associated with freedom, because birds have the right to move in the sky in any direction. This gives them the right to escape from any situation. Birds, which are at a height beyond human reach, have affected humans due to their ability to fly. Human beings want to be free like birds, they want to be where they want when they want. On the other hand, birds are creatures that guide people and play a role in many legendary narratives. As can be seen, it is possible to make different interpretations in this context. This study gives different interpretations of the bird motif in the novels of the author.