Yemâme Savaşı ve Sonucunun Sinoplu Safâyî’nin Şerhü’l-İslâmi’n-Nûrânî Adlı Eserindeki Yansımaları
Bu makalede Hz. Muhammed’in son yıllarında ve Hz. Ebû Bekir’in hilafeti döneminde Arabistan’da yaygınlaşan ridde olayları ve sebeplerine kısaca temas edilmiştir. Daha sonra bu dönemde ortaya çıkan yalancı peygamberlerden biri olan Müseylimetü’l-Kezzâb ile Yemâme (Akrabâ) Savaşı’na temas edilmiştir. Bu savaşın ortaya çıkardığı sonuç (özellikle Kur’ân âyetlerinin toplanması) Sinoplu Safâyî’nin Şerhü’l-İslâmi’n-Nûrânî adlı eserinde yer alan beyitlerle, bilgilerle desteklenerek açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
The Reflections of the Effects and Results of Yemame War on Sharh al-Islam al-Nurani
In this article, it is first briefly mentioned that “Ridde” events meant giving up Islamic religion, and its reasons became widespread in Arabia during the last years of Prophet Muhammed, and during the period of Abu Bakr’s caliphate. Second, this article examines the reign of Museylimetu’l-Kezzab, one of the false prophets that emerged during this period, and by this, it also focuses on the Yemame (Akraba) War. The result of this war (especially the collection of the verses of the Qur’an) is explained by supporting the information provided in the couplets of Sherhu’lIslami’n-Nurani by Sinoplu Safayi.
‘Ridda’ means “to return, to reject, not to accept, to return from the religion of Islam, to reject it”. Ridde events cover mostly the years of AH 10–11 (AD 631-633). Some Arab tribes, having accepted Islam before, refused Islam after Prophet Muhammad’s death, and also with the emergence of the false prophets on the grounds of economic reasons (not to give zakat). Most of these Arab tribes that rejected Islam have now returned to their old religions. Among the people who emerged during this period and collected these people around him through misconceptions and turned them from Islam, is the false prophet Musailamah al-kadzdzab. ‘Kezzâb’ means “to lie too much”. This name was given to Museylimet by Muhammad himself as he told a lot of lies. Prophet Muhammad wrote a few letters to him before he died, and asked him to give up his prophecy. Yet, he did not give up his claim on prophecy. After a while, Prophet Muhammad died and Hz. Abu Bakr sent Islamic armies on Musailamah al-kadzdzab in the first year of his caliphate. Two armies met in the Akraba region of Yemame, and the Islamic army had to retreat in the beginning. However, then Halid bin Velid took the control of the army, and it became one of the most bloody wars of Islamic history. The Battle of Yemame was concluded with the definitive victory of the Islamic army. Nevertheless, since many companions of Hafız (a person who had completely memorized the Qur'an and could recite it from memory) died in this battle, it worried Hz. Omar. Therefore, he went to Hz. Abu Bakr’s side and wanted him to have the Qur’an, which was scattered, and he gathered it soon. Thus, Zayd b. Sabit was brought to the head of the Assembly of the Qur’an. The verses of the Qur’an, which were scattered, were brought together and made into a book under the chairman of Zayd b.Halid. He then surrendered this Qur’an to Hz. Abu Bakr. After his death, it was transferred to the second caliph of Hz. Omar. After Omar’s death, it was transferred to his daughter, Hz. Hafsa. In this study, the information from different sources regarding the Battle of Yemame (Akraba), one of the bloodiest wars of the history of Islam, and Musailamah al-kadzdzab, are analyzed. In addition, we focus on gathering the Qur’an by Abu Bakr, and turning it into a book. The Battle of Yemame, and its conclusion (especially the gathering of the Qur’an), has been examined in order to explain the supporting of the couplets in Sharh alIslam al-Nurani by Sinoplu Safayi, one of the poets living during the 15th and 16th centuries.