Bülent

Assist. Prof.

Erkan

Assoc. Prof.

On the northeast sides of the Van Citadel, on an elevation nearby, stands a rock monument on the plain named Analıkız. The monument consists of a platform engraved into the rock and two monumental niches opening to a flattened field which is also carved into the main rock. The east niche is 6.15 m tall, 2.60 m wide and 2.15 m deep. In the middle of the niche is a bed of 147.9 x 147.30 cm carved into the main rock and a space for a stele in the middle of that. The west niche is 8.10 m tall and 2.60 m wide. In front of this niche can be found a stele base in three pieces with the chronicles of Sarduri II. written on it and a space for a stele in the middle. It was revealed in-situ during the excavations conducted by Marr-Orbelli. Today, it can be found in the Van Museum in several pieces. The apsidal structure of the top piece of the stele sitting on the base has been used as a gathering material in the Surp Bogos Church.&nbsp; With Marr and Orbeli’s excavations in 1916 and later on at K. Lake in 1938, the field has taken on its current appearance. Lehmann-Haunt especially mentions the canal on the north side opening up to the outer regions of the field, leading to a rocky bed. He mentions that these carry the possibility of being canals for the animals carried to the area for sacrificial purposes. Analıkız has been described in many studies as a sanctuary or open-air temple in which religious and sacrificial ceremonies were executed. Yet through the reevaluation of the location of the Analıkız compartment, several structural features and various inscriptions unearthed in the surrounding areas of Van Fortress, a new perspective concerning the characteristics of the feature has been proven to be necessary. Within this frame the answers to the following questions have been investigated: When was this field enclosed with walls and steles placed in monumental niches built, and as a result of which factors? As the west niche features chronicles of Sarduri II, what did the east niche feature? Could it be that the stele which catches the eye with all four sides inscribed with chronicles of Argishti the First and was copied while in Surp Sahak Church was used in this site? Similarly, could the stele of Minua in Surp Bogos Church be related to the Analıkız site in any way?The Minua inscription in Surp Bogos Church was 140 cm wide, 61.5 cm high and currently 46 cm deep must have a large stele base. On the front and top parts of the base, a&nbsp;text is inscribed. Close to the middle part of the top inscription, an offering pot in the form of two integrated circles has been engraved. With the offering pot and the inscription of the side, this base is quite similar to the Gameşvan/Kamişvan stele base. With this data in mind, it can be assumed that the stele base in Surp Bogos was used on the east niche in the Analıkız site.Considering the general structural characteristics of the site, a development process spread into different chronological processes can be deduced. The structural features of the east niche with its frontal area as well as the west niche with its frontal area suggest two different chronological periods. When evaluated with the inscription within, it can be asserted that the east niche and the frontal area was the first to the built. This information may suggest that this site’s construction was initiated during the Minua period. Later on, the site expanded eastwards and the existing front was cascaded backward, making way for the west niche during the reign periods of Argishti the First and especially Sarduri II.&nbsp;The canal which was formerly called a sacrificial canal located on the northwest of the Analıkız site is 30 m long. This canal is on the outside portion of the walls which were thought to encircle the northern portion of the site. In this case, it should be considered that this canal, defined as a sacrificial canal, could be functioning as a drainage canal for the discharge of the water supply of the citadel.&nbsp;The traces of wall beds can be most visibly seen across the west niche, on a relatively higher rocky platform. The same beds can be observed on the east of the site and the areas right on top of the niches. Considering the location of these wall beds, this can be thought to be an enclosed area with access from the citadel. The absence of any kind of staircase or any type of transportation resembling a pathway strengthens the relationship of the site with the citadel.&nbsp;

Van Kalesi Analıkız Yapısı: İşlev ve Kronolojisine Dair Bir Değerlendirme

Aydın

In every period of history, people have chosen the place where they will live in line with their instincts, tastes and needs. For this reason, it is not surprising that human beings have lived on the same geography from the first periods of the settlement to the present days. This also applies to Akhisar and its surrounding area.Karahöyük Mount is located within the boundaries of the Akhisar country of the Manisa province. Karahöyük Mount, which is located in the middle of the fertile Akhisar plain, attracts attention with its location. Approximately 525 m. height of the mountain, north of İstanbul-İzmir highway, and east of the Akhisar-Salihli highway passes, the Akhisar district and naturally Karahöyük Mount are located at a very strategic point.During the surface survey studies conducted in the mentioned area between the years of 2016-2018, important findings concerning to the earliest settling in the region have been attained. In this respect, the mound located in the Kocanadas site is immensely important. The Kocanadas site is located southwest of Karahöyük Mount. It is 5.3 km south of the Kayalıoğlu district and 2 km west of the Rahmiye district. It is understood that the location of Karahöyük Mount was used in choosing the location of the mound. Strong northern winds are very important in the Akhisar plain. The purpose of protection from these winds should have been decisive in the selection of the settlements located to the south of Karahöyük Mount. The mound was first discovered during the 2017 surveys at the Kocanadas site. Taking into consideration that this land would be cultivated due to agricultural activities, this land was re-examined during 2018 studies.The mound, which looks like a flat hill, attracts attention with its area. The mound covers an area of 196 m in a north-south direction, and 172 m in an east-west direction. Due to agricultural activities, it is very difficult to determine the actual spreading area of the mound. During the surveys conducted in 2017 and 2018, many pottery fragments were found. While the pottery findings increase in the area that we can define as the centre of the mound, and the decrease in the pottery findings towards the skirts of the mound is remarkable.According to conducted inquires, it has been understood in light of the findings, that the mound was settled since the Late Neolithic Age until the Ottoman Period. Previously conducted researches, fixed Late Neolithic Age findings in 11 centers within the boundaries of the Manisa province. With the pottery findings found in Kocanadas site, this figure was&nbsp;raised to 12. The occurrence of the centers that yield Late Neolithic Age findings in city center and south of the city center of Akhisar is not an accident. These early period settlements were encountered in the east and south of the Karahöyük Mount.It is quite logical that the southern slopes of Karahöyük Mount should be preferred as a settlement. Nowadays, especially in winter, Akhisar and its surroundings are highly affected by the harsh northern winds. This was probably more important during the Late Neolithic Age. The southern skirts of the Karahöyük Mount have been suitable for protection from the harsh northern winds. In addition, the importance of water in the selection of settlements in the Neolithic Age is known. The presence of Lake Yemişli, which is known to be located to the south of Karahöyük Mount, but has been dried recently, is very important in terms of water supply. It can be thought that the lake, which appears to have been found between the Moralı mound and the mound at Kocanadas, gave life to these two settlements starting from the Late Neolithic Age.In light of the pottery findings, it can be understood that settling in the mound located in the Kocanadas site during the Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic Ages was not intense at all. It can be observed that an increase took place in the number of pottery and little findings during the Early Bronze Age. Idols dated to this period are very important. With the Middle Bronze and Late Bronze ages, the number of findings increased considerably. As it is understood, the settlement maintained its importance during the Iron Age. Lydian pottery samples found in the Kocanadas site and dated to the Iron Age are immensely important. It is understood that settlement in the mound continued after the 6th century BC, while the number of findings decreased considerably.&nbsp;

Akhisar (Manisa), Karahöyük Dağı Çevresinde Yeni Bir Erken Yerleşim: Kocanadas

Leyla

Introduction and Research Questions: Were there healer women in Ancient Greece and Rome, especially before the Hellenistic Period? Although ancient literary and medical texts are mostly silent; which fields these healer women had knowledge and skills on, and what kind of remedies they were applying? Despite sources do not give concrete examples on healer women in this period, the Greeks and Romans had their own healer goddesses in their pantheons. If gods and goddesses were modeled on ideal humans, then healer goddesses must have reflected the healer women of the Archaic and Classical Periods. Based on these questions and considerations, the abilities and the field of medicine of these healer women in said periods are tried to be determined.&nbsp;Literature Review: Although hints between the lines of medical and literary works of the Classical Period suggest the existence of healer women, they are silent on their expertise. Inscriptions containing professional terms like “midwife, midwife-physician, physician and chief physician” give invaluable information on the medical abilities of the healer women. However; information on the healer women of the Archaic and Classical Periods is scarce. In the Iliad and the Odyssey, Homer gives information on Greece during both his time and periods preceding him, tells about the wisdom of various goddesses and women on recuperative herbs used for various psychological and physiological sicknesses; presenting the first clues on healer women. While Homer describes Kirke, a sorcerer, with the adjective πολυφαρμάκου (she who knows many medicines), he praises the knowledge of Agamede in the Iliad, Polydamna and Helen in the Odyssey on medicinal herbs. Unfortunately, except for Homer and a few hints in ancient sources, there are no concrete examples on healer women, not even in the Hippocratic texts. Although Jayne, The Healing Gods Of Ancient Civilizations, Hurd-Mead, A History of Women in Medicine give invaluable information, both fail to make any connection with the women of the period, especially when discussing the healing abilities of the goddesses; they briefly mention some goddesses’ healing abilities. The lack of enough study on pre-Hellenistic healer women results in the continuation of the gap. This article does not intend to fill it; but make a small contribution.Results and Conclusions: The most important indication of women engaged in healing activities in Ancient Greece and Rome since early periods is the existence of healer goddesses. It would not be wrong to think that they were women disguised as goddesses. Attributing divineness to the healing role since earlier times in the lands where Ancient Greek and Roman cultures spread and associate them with healing as a goddess does not change the reality of their healing skills. Until the Hellenistic Period, the non-existence of specific examples of healer women in Ancient Greece and Rome, it is possible to associate it with the belief in these cultures that women do not have some qualities, but also with the boundaries drawn in social life that limit women. However, although women lack virtues men possess by birth,&nbsp;a goddess was not thought to be lesser than a mortal man; they were attributed to medicine. Most of these goddesses deal with illnesses of women and children. Why wasn’t Artemis, a goddess of the hunt, was a goddess that would heal injuries received in a hunt? Why doesn’t Athena, a war goddess, heal the injured of battle? The reason must be the women imitated were healers, who generally dealt with gynecological sicknesses, birth and children illnesses. Yet some women moved beyond these limits in healing; they should have proved their expertise in herbs; forming a model to Athena, Artemis, who cured blindness and Leto, who had surgical skills. It should not be ruled out that there might have been goddesses created based upon healer women such as Kirke and Medeia, who were accused of sorcery when what they did with herbs was considered a miracle in Ancient Greece, or Angitia, one of Rome's first goddesses. It is remarkable to note that some Ancient Greek goddesses that were fundamentally the same in Rome were given broader authority in healing with various epithets: Greek Athena was a special protector of physicians with the epithet of Minerva Medica in Rome, became a goddess remedying people with ear illnesses, curing hair diseases, writing healing prescriptions for various other sicknesses. Diana was associated with reproduction and birth like Artemis of Greece, she became to be known as healer of a broader spectrum of illnesses in Rome; there were many miniature legs, breasts, livers, baby dolls, locks of hair made of wax or stone offered to her. Therefore, healer goddesses, while essentially dealt with birth and healed gynecological and pediatric sicknesses, and their later association with healing illnesses of both genders and their worship accordingly, should be a reflection of healer women that were the basis of healer goddesses’ improvement of their medical skills and their application of a broader field of medicine.&nbsp;

Eski Yunan ve Roma Dünyasında Şifacı Tanrıçalar ve Şifacı Kadınlar Arasındaki İlişki

Tuna

Öğretim Görevlisi

To understand the religion of Rome, it is necessary to understand the family structure, the basic unit of society. Also, the wide territory of the country and especially the relations with Eastern societies create a belief system with an eclectic structure. In the Roman world, house rituals structured and shaped everyday life. It is possible to evaluate house rituals in two ways. The first of these is the rituals including slaves and servants as well as family members. The second is family-specific cult practices applied only by the paterfamilias, his wife and children. In Rome, houses are not only places where the family lives, but also the areas where many social and religious practices take place. Beyond collecting the family, belongings or animals under one roof, the house is a holy place, which symbolizes and protects the family unity. In addition to these, the house is also a sacred place where ancestors are remembered. The first aim of these rituals is material-oriented and for the needs of the house. However, they are also carried out for dead ancestors or gods. Although there are no significant differences between these two aims, these rituals are for sure carried out by considering the peace and abundance of the house. In the Roman world, the public spaces where ritual practices performed in the presence of public are called sacra publica, and cult practices, performed only within the family are called sacra privata. In this way, sacra publica expresses the ritual acts of the state, which are open to the public. Society can freely participate in these ritual acts. Preservation, financing and sanctification of the cult is the responsibility of the local government. These rituals are not an option for society, but an obligation to be carried out. They are organized by the central or local government and regarded as compulsory ritual practices to be followed. This obligation should be considered as a political component of Roman religion within the state. Since religion and politics are in line with each other in Rome, these ritual practices became obligatory within certain rules. The Romans participate in these ritual practices obliged by the state and contribute to the peace with the gods (pax deourum). However, it is stated that this coercion caused dissatisfaction of some Roman citizens, and therefore some cults from the East were accepted. This situation has led to the development of various cults in the country. Sacra privata, apart from public compulsion, allows people to live their individual beliefs in more free and private spaces. “Privatus” means separate from the state, limited to a single individual or belonging to a single individual (Georges, 1902, s.633). This understanding enables individuals to worship the cults they believe in and this broad perspective makes it possible to perform ritual for family cults and ancestors (gentes) in the house (religio domestica). In this context, the places or areas where the rituals are practiced in the Roman world are also varied: in addition to temples, altars, city squares, open air ritual areas and cemeteries, rituals are also performed in the houses. There are two different approaches to the practice of the rituals in the houses. The first of these is the practice of rituals in the house, which depend on the cults defined and accepted by the state. In the second type, the family practices its own family-specific cult rituals with the paterfamilias assuming the role of the priest. In both cases, the “house” during the ritual is a cult place that can not be interfered and managed from outside and it is also a protected space. In the house rituals stand out lares, genius and dii penates cults and ritual practices related to those. The differences and similarities in the practice of these cults are handled in our study. The subject is evaluated based on archaeological evidence and the information provided by ancient sources. It is also mentioned where the rituals take place in Roman houses. In particular, larariums are introduced with examples from important Roman cities, initially Pompeii. In addition, taking the rock-cut tomb with a temple facade in Olba as an example, it is proposed that naiskos niches in the burial chambers likely each represent a lararium. The rock-cut tomb with a temple facade provides important results regarding the cult of the dead in Olba. In the Roman world, the tomb is considered and designed as the house of the dead for the other world. In Roman religion, tombs are regarded as “domus aeterna”, in other words eternal house of the decedent. In the light of this basic information, some rituals in the tombs or graves are similar to the ritual practices in the houses. For the Roman world the naiskos niches in the burial chamber may have the characteristics of larariums in Roman dwellings, especially both formally and functionally

Roma İnancında Ev Kültleri ve Mezarlardaki Naiskoslu Nişler Üzerine Bir Öneri

Mehmet Ali

Derya

Archeology aims to reveal all sorts of details of the ruins of different periods. These ruins help us understand the daily life of extinct communities such as life, housing, technical skills and nutrition. Movable and immovable historical ruins found as a result of archaeological research and the soil properties of the excavated area are recorded as textual and graphic documents. Archaeological researches begin with surveys. Regional surveys aim to systematically determine the unknown archaeological settlements of a region and the distribution of one or more cultures in the region. A survey conducted on a known archaeological settlement aims to identify the characteristics of this settlement (various architectural details etc.). Geomatics techniques are used extensively in the measurement and spatial referencing of the remains found in archaeological surveys and excavations. Accurate measurements of the archaeological survey and excavation area are important for the continuity and sustainability of the surveys. Precise measurements of the archaeological survey sites and excavation areas are important for the sustainability of the surveys.&nbsp;Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are equipped with a pilotless aircraft equipped with sensors, providing high-resolution temporal and spatial images at low cost, unlike traditional remote sensing methods. In recent years, UAVs have been used extensively in archaeological research as well as in many disciplines. In field work, Foif A30 model Geodetic GPS was used to determine the coordinates of the ground control points and to measure the residues on the surface (Resim 1). DJI Mavic Pro UAV was also used for aerial photography and video capturing (Resim 2). The UAV is a quadcopter with a weight of 734 grams, including batteries and a camera. The system has a flight time of up to 27 minutes with 3830 mAh batteries. The pictures were taken in a visible band and jpeg format with a 12 Megapixel DJI camera at a height range of 30-40m.The flight plan was prepared with Pix4D software smartphone application before the image acquisition (Resim 3). In the flight plan, the coordinates of the home point are recorded by the UAV and it also records when it is returned in case of emergency. Flight routes include the home point, turning points, landing point and flight heights. The coordinates of the home point and the photographs taken are determined by the GPS on the UAV and the coordinate precision is increased using the ground control points. Geographical coordinates were used to determine the location. UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) Projection 3 degree and ED50 (European Datum 1950) Datum coordinates were transformed and integration of image with terrestrial measurements. Agisoft PhotoScan image processing software was used to model UAV images. As a result of image processing, orthophoto (orthomosaic), three dimensional point cloud and three dimensional terrain model were created. The image modeling work flow chart is presented in Resim 4.In this study, the Iron Age archaeological sites in Çanakkale were first identified by surface surveys. Residue plans of Asarlık Settlement in Ortaca Village, Asarlıkkaya Fortress in Osmanlar Village, Damyeri Fortress in Damyeri Village, Madenkaya Fortress in Serçeler Village, and Sivricetepe Fortress in Ortaca Village plans were drawn.Saving time and cost was possible using UAV-supported works in an extremely effective manner in the archeological sites. For example, on a high hill such as Sivricetepe Fortress and almost completely covered with vegetation, the UAV images provided the identification of the wall line which was partially under vegetation and gave effective results. Thus, the architectural plan of the city walls and the remains of the structures within the settlements was drawn. In addition, by combining the data obtained from each settlement, it facilitated the obtaining of effective results particularly in interpreting the geographical location characteristics and distances of each Iron Age settlement.&nbsp;

Çanakkale İli İnsansız Hava Aracı Destekli Yüzey Araştırması

Kaan

Prof.

Sedef Çokay

Özgün

Çiçek

Res. Assist.

Dascyleum is an archaeological site in Hisartepe and the surrounding area, located on the coast of Manyas Lake. The site is also located close to the present-day village of Ergili and lies 30 km to the south of the present-day city of Bandırma in northwestern Anatolia. Daskyleion was an Anatolian city during the Iron Age. Although Phrygian and Lydian cultures were clearly present in Daskyleion at one time, the city’s zenith occurred during the Persian period when the city served as the satrapal center. During this time, the eastern slope of Hisartepe was used as the entrance to the Acrodascyleum because of the main gate of a medieval castle. This is a stepped road, most probably from the 4th century BC, and it was dated to the Early Middle Ages. Many circuit walls throughout the ages defended this side of the hill.&nbsp;A square-plan structure was discovered in 2011 as part of geophysical prospections on the same side. An investigation was subsequently launched. The location of the building makes it suitable to have been used as an entrance to the settlement. Remains of a tower approximately 10 meters north of this building had already been discovered. Therefore, the building was assumed to be another tower belonging to the gate building. To determine the structure’s function, test-pits were excavated on the eastern side of the building, and it was discovered that the building was constructed on a sloping wall (i.e., a glacis).&nbsp;Four construction phases for the square-plan structure were observed, including the sloping wall (glacis) that the structure rested upon. Under the glacis, four wall rows were unearthed, which were oriented in a different direction from the glacis. We consider this to be potentially the first phase of building. Moreover, the masonry technique of the wall appears clumsy. The first phase was brought to an end by a flood, carrying white clay, small stones, and sand. There is a very small amount of archaeological material on this level, proving our thesis. The glacis is constructed on this wall, but in a different direction. This could be considered the next phase. Using pottery shreds, the construction of the first and second phases were dated to circa 700–550 or 525 BC. In the third phase, the area in front of the glacis was filled with dirt and the square-plan structure was built on top of it. The most recent datable material from this area belongs to the 4th century BC. In the fourth phase, a paved area was added to the eastern part of the building. It is difficult to determine when the paved area was added, but this likely occurred after the construction of the building.&nbsp;&nbsp;The square-plan structure is constructed of andesite. Some stones of the square-plan structure were skived and some display anathyrosis of different widths. However, they are the same height, which implies that finalization had not yet been achieved. The interior of the building was filled with small stones; it could be argued that the building was a grave podium, but not a military tower. Xanthus, Nereid Monument, Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, and Belevi Monument all have a similar structure.To summarize, there were four construction phases observable in the excavation of the square-plan structure. The glacis was erected on a hill during the Lydian Period, similar to other Anatolian cities. A similar wall surrounds the Gordion Citadel. After the destruction of Gordion in the 8th century BC, a retaining wall (glacis) was constructed. The core of this wall includes rubble stones and has a stepped wall with regular trimmed stones. The Dascyleum example also has a stepped wall and a sloping façade. The square-plan structure was erected in the 4th century BC. Although it is difficult to determine its function, it is clear that the building must have been among the most important architectural elements in the city during the 4th century BC. The stepped road, which passes by the north of the square-plan structure, was built later.&nbsp;

Daskyleion Kare Planlı Yapı Üzerine Yeni Gözlemler

@JOURNAL_BOX_CURRENT

@JOURNAL_BOX_EARLYVIEW

Onur Sadık

Karadeniz ve Anadolu Kentlerinde Theos Hypsistos Kültü

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Nilgün

Keban Projesi: Ağın Hoşrik Mevki ve Kalecikler Kurtarma Kazılarına Yeni Bir Bakış

@JOURNAL_BOX_MOSTREAD

Anatolian Research – Anadolu Araştırmaları  is the publication of Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters. It is an open access, international, peer-reviewed journal published annually in December. The journal was founded in 1955. Manuscripts submitted for publication should be in Turkish, English, German, French or Italian. 

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Anatolian Research – Anadolu Araştırmaları aims to contribute to the dissemination of scientific knowledge through publication of high quality articles in accordance with the international publishing standards. The journal publishes studies which examine Anatolia and its related regions from prehistoric times to late antiquity. The areas of study covered in the scope of the journal are Ancient History, Archeology, Art History, History of Architecture, Anthropology, Epigraphy, Numismatic, Historical Geography and Archeometry.

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Anatolian Research – Anadolu Araştırmaları adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.-    Principles of integrity, quality and ransparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.-    The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.-    The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.-    Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.-    Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.-    The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.-    In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.-    If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.-    In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/B65417CBE27F4271976FFD3EF4756FEE" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>. The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment.When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.  Editor-in-chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by editor-in-chief  upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor in chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.-    Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?-    Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?-    Is the problem significant and concisely stated?-    Are the methods described comprehensively?-    Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?-    Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?-    Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

LanguageArticles in Turkish, English, German, French and Italian are published. Submitted manuscript must include an abstract both in the article language and in English, and an extended abstract in English as well. However extended abstract in English is not required for articles in English.Manuscript Organization and SubmissionAll correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified. Manuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="http://dergipark.gov.tr/login" target="_blank">http://dergipark.gov.tr/login</a> that can be accessed at <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iuanadolu" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iuanadolu</a> and it must be accompanied by a <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/783CF472CBF7462C854CF4C5BBA9C7C3" target="_blank">Title Page</a> specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist). Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word 2003 and upper versions. In addition, <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/3E588EA424DD4A009839B97A2372D759" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted. <ol><li>Manuscripts should be prepared using the Article Template. Due to double blind peer review, manuscript file must not include any information about the author.  </li><li>A <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/592D6CDEA83E46C39252B3545F6D91E6" target="_blank">title page</a> including author information must be submitted together with the manuscript. The title page is to include fully descriptive title of the manuscript and, affiliation, title, e-mail address, ORCID, postal address, phone, mobile phone and fax number of the author(s) (see The Submission Checklist).</li><li>Before the introduction part, there should be an abstract of 120-200 words both in the language of the article and in English. An extended abstract in English between 600-800 words, summarizing the scope, the purpose, the results of the study and the methodology used is to be included following the abstracts. If the manuscript is in English, extended abstract is not required. Underneath the abstracts, 5 keywords that inform the reader about the content of the study should be specified in the language of the article and in English.</li><li>The manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords; extended abstract, sections, references, tables and figures.</li><li>References should be in accordance with American Psychological Association (APA) style 6th Edition.</li><li>Authors are responsible for all statements made in their work submitted to the journal for publication.</li></ol>

Author Guidelines

Research Article: Original research articles report substantial and original scientific results within the journal scope. Original research articles are comprised of Abstract, Key Words, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, References and Figures, Tables and Graphics.Abstract:  The abstracts in the language of the article and in English must be between 120- 200 words and state aim, method, result and conclusions of the study. If the article is in Turkish, German, French or Italian, an extended abstract of 600-800 words in English must be written as well following the abstracts.Introduction: This section must contain a clear statement of the general and specific objectives as well as the hypotheses which the work is designed to test. It should also give a brief account of the reported literature. It should clearly state the primary and secondary purposes of the article. Only, the actual references related with the issues have to be indicated and data or findings related with the current study must not be included in this section.Methods: This section must contain explicit, concise descriptions of all procedures, materials and methods (i.e. data sources, participants, scales, interviews/reviews, basic measurements, applications, statistical methods) used in the investigation to enable the reader to judge their accuracy, reproducibility, etc. This section should include the known findings at the beginning of the study and the findings during the study must be reported in results section.Results: The results should be presented in logical sequence in the text, tables, and figures, giving the main or most important findings first. The all the data in the tables or figures should not be repeated in the text; only the most important observations must be emphasized or summarized..Discussion: The findings of the study, the findings and results which support or do not support the hypothesis of the study should be discussed, results should be compared and contrasted with findings of other studies in the literature and the different findings from other studies should be explained. The new and important aspects of the study and the conclusions that follow from them should be emphasized. The data or other information given in the Introduction or the Results section should not be repeated in detail.Conclusions: Conclusions derived from the study should be stated.. The conclusions should be linked with the goals of the study but unqualified statements and conclusions not adequately supported by the data should be avoided. New hypotheses should be stated when warranted, but should be labeled clearly as such.Figures, Tables and Graphics: Figures, tables and graphics materials should be “.jpg, .tiff or .jpeg” format and they should be submitted with the article. These materials should be min. 300 pixels and they must not be bigger than page size. The illustrations should not exceed 10 pages. All illustrations should be labelled and a list of figures with captions, legends, and credits should be provided on a separate page.Review Article: Reviews prepared by authors who have extensive knowledge on a particular field and whose scientific background has been translated into a high volume of publications with a high citation potential are welcomed. These authors may even be invited by the journal. Review article should contain title, abstract and keywords; body text with sections, and references.<div style="text-align: left;"> </div>

<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/3C67CF8749DB451F89F4DA7FE939E717" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/5350E40CC1DA46329BCF534921596393" target="_blank">Title Page</a>

Anatolian Research – Anadolu Araştırmaları complies with APA (American Psychological Association) style 6th Edition for referencing and quoting. For more information:- American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: APA.- <a href="http://www.apastyle.org" target="_blank">http://www.apastyle.org</a>Accuracy of citation is the author’s responsibility. All references should be cited in text. Reference list must be in alphabetical order. Type references in the style shown below.Citations in the TextCitations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year within the parenthesis. If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;).Samples:<div style="text-align: left;">More than one citation;</div><div style="text-align: left;">(Esin et al., 2002; Karasar, 1995)</div><div style="text-align: left;">Citation with one author;</div><div style="text-align: left;">(Akyolcu, 2007)</div><div style="text-align: left;">Citation with two authors;</div><div style="text-align: left;">(Sayıner &amp; Demirci, 2007)</div><div style="text-align: left;">Citation with three, four, five authors;</div><div style="text-align: left;">First citation in the text: (Ailen, Ciambrune, &amp; Welch, 2000) Subsequent citations in the text: (Ailen et al., 2000)</div><div style="text-align: left;">Citations with more than six authors;</div><div style="text-align: left;">(Çavdar et al., 2003)</div><div style="text-align: left;">Citations in the Reference</div><div style="text-align: left;">All the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.</div>Basic Reference TypesBook<div style="text-align: left;">a) Turkish Book</div><div style="text-align: left;">Karasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (8th ed.) [Preparing research reports]. Ankara, Turkey: 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.</div><div style="text-align: left;">b) Book Translated into Turkish</div><div style="text-align: left;">Mucchielli, A. (1991). Zihniyetler [Mindsets] (A. Kotil, Trans.). İstanbul, Turkey: İletişim Yayınları.</div><div style="text-align: left;">c) Edited Book</div><div style="text-align: left;">Ören, T., Üney, T., &amp; Çölkesen, R. (Eds.). (2006). Türkiye bilişim ansiklopedisi [Turkish encyclopedia of informatics]. İstanbul, Turkey: Papatya Yayıncılık.</div><div style="text-align: left;">d) Turkish Book with Multiple Authors</div><div style="text-align: left;">Tonta, Y., Bitirim, Y., &amp; Sever, H. (2002). Türkçe arama motorlarında performans değerlendirme [Performance evaluation in Turkish search engines]. Ankara, Turkey: Total Bilişim.</div><div style="text-align: left;">e) Book in English</div><div style="text-align: left;">Kamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.</div><div style="text-align: left;">f) Chapter in an Edited Book</div><div style="text-align: left;">Bassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. In G. Hall &amp; C. Birchall (Eds.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 220–237). Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.</div>g) Chapter in an Edited Book in TurkishErkmen, T. (2012). Örgüt kültürü: Fonksiyonları, öğeleri, işletme yönetimi ve liderlikteki önemi [Organization culture: Its functions, elements and importance in leadership and business management]. In M. Zencirkıran (Ed.), Örgüt sosyolojisi [Organization sociology] (pp. 233–263). Bursa, Turkey: Dora Basım Yayın.<div style="text-align: left;">h) Book with the same organization as author and publisher</div><div style="text-align: left;">American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American psychological association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.</div>Article<div style="text-align: left;">a) Turkish Article</div><div style="text-align: left;">Mutlu, B., &amp; Savaşer, S. (2007). Çocuğu ameliyat sonrası yoğun bakımda olan ebeveynlerde stres nedenleri ve azaltma girişimleri [Source and intervention reduction of stress for parents whose children are in intensive care unit after surgery]. Istanbul University Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 15(60), 179–182.</div><div style="text-align: left;">b) English Article</div><div style="text-align: left;">de Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., &amp; Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002</div><div style="text-align: left;">c) Journal Article with DOI and More Than Seven Authors</div><div style="text-align: left;">Lal, H., Cunningham, A. L., Godeaux, O., Chlibek, R., Diez-Domingo, J., Hwang, S.-J. ... Heineman, T. C. (2015). Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 2087–2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1501184</div><div style="text-align: left;">d) Journal Article from Web, without DOI</div><div style="text-align: left;">Sidani, S. (2003). Enhancing the evaluation of nursing care effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(3), 26–38. Retrieved from http://cjnr.mcgill.ca</div><div style="text-align: left;">e) Journal Article wih DOI</div><div style="text-align: left;">Turner, S. J. (2010). Website statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to measure library website effectiveness. Technical Services Quarterly, 27, 261–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910</div><div style="text-align: left;">f) Advance Online Publication</div><div style="text-align: left;">Smith, J. A. (2010). Citing advance online publication: A review. Journal of Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a45d7867</div><div style="text-align: left;">g) Article in a Magazine</div><div style="text-align: left;">Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28–31.</div>Doctoral Dissertation, Master’s Thesis, Presentation, Proceeding<div style="text-align: left;">a) Dissertation/Thesis from a Commercial Database</div><div style="text-align: left;">Van Brunt, D. (1997). Networked consumer health information systems (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 9943436)</div><div style="text-align: left;">b) Dissertation/Thesis from an Institutional Database</div><div style="text-align: left;">Yaylalı-Yıldız, B. (2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portali</div><div style="text-align: left;">c) Dissertation/Thesis from Web</div><div style="text-align: left;">Tonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley). Retrieved from http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar /phd/ickapak.html</div><div style="text-align: left;">d) Dissertation/Thesis abstracted in Dissertations Abstracts International</div><div style="text-align: left;">Appelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture amplifica-tion, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.</div><div style="text-align: left;">e) Symposium Contribution</div><div style="text-align: left;">Krinsky-McHale, S. J., Zigman, W. B., &amp; Silverman, W. (2012, August). Are neuropsychiatric symptoms markers of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome? In W. B. Zigman (Chair), Predictors of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in adults with Down syndrome. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.</div><div style="text-align: left;">f) Conference Paper Abstract Retrieved Online</div><div style="text-align: left;">Liu, S. (2005, May). Defending against business crises with the help of intelligent agent based early warning solutions. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Miami, FL. Abstract retrieved from http://www.iceis.org/iceis2005/abstracts_2005.htm</div><div style="text-align: left;">g) Conference Paper - In Regularly Published Proceedings and Retrieved Online</div><div style="text-align: left;">Herculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H., &amp; Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593–12598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105</div><div style="text-align: left;">h) Proceeding in Book Form</div><div style="text-align: left;">Parsons, O. A., Pryzwansky, W. B., Weinstein, D. J., &amp; Wiens, A. N. (1995). Taxonomy for psychology. In J. N. Reich, H. Sands, &amp; A. N. Wiens (Eds.), Education and training beyond the doctoral degree: Proceedings of the American Psychological Association National Conference on Postdoctoral Education and Training in Psychology (pp. 45–50). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.</div><div style="text-align: left;">i) Paper Presentation</div><div style="text-align: left;">Nguyen, C. A. (2012, August). Humor and deception in advertising: When laughter may not be the best medicine. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.</div>Other Sources<div style="text-align: left;">a) Newspaper Article</div><div style="text-align: left;">Browne, R. (2010, March 21). This brainless patient is no dummy. Sydney Morning Herald, 45.</div><div style="text-align: left;">b) Newspaper Article with no Author</div><div style="text-align: left;">New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.</div><div style="text-align: left;">c) Web Page/Blog Post</div><div style="text-align: left;">Bordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/</div><div style="text-align: left;">d) Online Encyclopedia/Dictionary</div><div style="text-align: left;">Ignition. (1989). In Oxford English online dictionary (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://dictionary.oed. com</div><div style="text-align: left;">Marcoux, A. (2008). Business ethics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/</div><div style="text-align: left;">e) Podcast</div><div style="text-align: left;">Dunning, B. (Producer). (2011, January 12). inFact: Conspiracy theories [Video podcast]. Retrieved from <a href="http://itunes.apple.com/" style="font-size: 9pt;" target="_blank">http://itunes.apple.com/</a></div><div style="text-align: left;">f) Single Episode in a Television Series</div><div style="text-align: left;">Egan, D. (Writer), &amp; Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate. [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive producer), House; New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.</div><div style="text-align: left;">g) Music</div><div style="text-align: left;">Fuchs, G. (2004). Light the menorah. On Eight nights of Hanukkah [CD]. Brick, NJ: Kid Kosher.</div>

Ensure that the following items are present:<ul><li>Confirm that the category of the manuscript is specifed.</li><li>Confirm that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.</li><li>Confirm that  disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement is provided.</li><li>Confirm that last control for fluent English was done.</li><li>Confirm that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.</li><li>Confirm that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in with APA 6th. </li></ul>●    <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/4FB5948B0B4F45609A59FAF21042B5EA" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>●    Permission of previous published material if used in the present manuscript●    <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/9256E76303E9478186A85666B8865A9E" target="_blank">Title page</a><ul><li>The category of the manuscript</li><li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li><li>All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addresses</li><li>Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax number</li><li>ORCIDs of all authors.</li><li>Grant support (if exists)</li><li>Conflict of interest (if exists)</li><li>Acknowledgement (if exists)</li></ul>●    Main Manuscript Document<ul><li>Important: Please avoid mentioning the the author (s) names in the manuscript</li><li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li><li>Abstract (120-200 words)</li><li>Key words: 5 words</li><li>Extended abstract in English: 600-800 words (for non-english articles)</li><li>Body text sections</li><li>References</li><li>All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, explanation, captions)</li></ul>

ISSN	0569-9746
E-ISSN	2667-629X
Period	Annually
Editor	Mustafa Hamdi Sayar
Anatolian Research – Anadolu Araştırmaları is the publication of Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters. It is an open access, international, peer-reviewed journal published annually in December. The journal was founded in 1955. Manuscripts submitted for publication should be in Turkish, English, German, French or Italian. Anatolian Research – Anadolu Araştırmaları aims to contribute to the dissemination of scientific knowledge through publication of high quality articles in accordance with the international publishing standards. The journal publishes studies which examine Anatolia and its related regions from prehistoric times to late antiquity. The areas of study covered in the scope of the journal are Ancient History, Archeology, Art History, History of Architecture, Anthropology, Epigraphy, Numismatic, Historical Geography and Archeometry.

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