Mehmet

Assist. Prof.

At the end of the Paleolithic Age, several changes in the lifestyle of hunter-gatherer communities led to technological, economic, social, and ideological developments which were previously subsumed under the term ‘Neolithic Revolution.’ Even though the term ‘Neolithic’ changes from researcher to researcher and region to region, in general, the discussions of the last one hundred years persist in focusing on the transition from a huntergatherer life to food production and a settled life. This is especially true for the questions of where, when, why, and how this transition occurred. At the outset of Neolithic research, it was assumed that the people of Anatolia were not involved in the development of settled life and food production. These activities seemed to have appeared exclusively within the socalled "Fertile Crescent." In contrast to this preconception, an increasing number of studies in the last 25 years have proven that Anatolia played a pivotal role in the transition to settled life and food production. In comparison to Southwestern Asia and Southeastern Europe, the low number of prehistoric excavations in Anatolia must be kept in mind. In this respect, research has accelerated over the last 50 years in Inner Anatolia, the Lakes Region, and Western and Northwestern Anatolia, which has expanded our knowledge considerably.Within the "Uşak Protohistorical Survey Project" (Uşak Protohistorik Dönem Yüzey Araştırmaları Projesi/UPDAP), which began in 2017, a considerable number of pre- and proto-historical settlements were discovered for the first time. One of these settlements—and the focus of this paper—is named Düzkışla Höyük. The site of Düzkışla Höyük was founded on a slope which consists of conglomerate forms. Other recently discovered Neolithic sites such as Altıntaş, Ada Höyük, and Mercimekli Tepe are seen to usually be founded on ridges, valleys, or on the tops of hills. In contrast, research in the plains of Banaz and Uşak have revealed no signs of Neolithic or Chalcolithic settlements. An explanation for this could be that farming communities preferred settlements on ridges, valleys, and hills in close connection to raw materials or other resources. Clay deposits and a variety of multiple types of stones—for the production of pottery and stone tools—were proven to exist in this area after macroscopic investigations and analyses of raw material sources were conducted.Most of the small finds collected at Düzkışla Höyük belong to the material culture of the Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic settlements of Western Anatolia. Painted sherds and sherds with a simple burnished pattern form the largest group. Terracotta figurines comprise another group of characteristic finds. One of the two figurines found on the surface of Düzkışla Höyük is a type of steatopygous woman with inserted heads; the other is a conic figurine of unknown sex. Two sling stones complete the group of terracotta finds. The category of stone finds is comprised of grinding stones made of limestone, basalt, andesite, and serpentine; bowls made of marble; as well as many examples of obsidian and flint blades.Concerning the distribution of the Neolithic lifestyle, Düzkışla Höyük was located on an important route. Recent research results have shown that the Neolithic and Chalcolithic cultures of the Lakes Region reached the territory of Uşak by two different routes. One route passed the northeast side of Burdur Lake and continued via Dinar, Sandıklı, and Hocalar to Uşak. This route is confirmed by the finds collected on the surface of the settlements at Üçin, Bektaş Üyük Tepe, Devlethan, and Asarın Tepe. The other route possibly passed the Çivril Plain and continued north where the key site of Ekşi Höyük is located. Its excavator maintains that the small finds from Ekşi Höyük reflect the characteristics of the Lakes Region. It is misleading to think that the inner part of Western Anatolia was culturally influenced from only a single direction. The Neolithic and early Chalcolithic cultures of Western Anatolia also influenced the inner part of Western Anatolia. The excavation finds from Ekşi Höyük and the survey finds from Düzkışla Höyük support this assertion.&nbsp;Throughout previous studies, attempts were made to define the period of occupation of Düzkışla Höyük, from its beginning to its end. With great probability, the pottery and small finds can be dated between 6300/6200- 5800/5700 BC. These dates suggest that Düzkışla Höyük was the first site inhabited in the surrounding area of Uşak during the Late Neolithic to the Early Chalcolithic Period. This site also shows the local characteristics of the way of life of early farmers as well as cultural relationships with neighboring regions.&nbsp;

New Insights Regarding the Neolithic-Chalcolithic of the InnerWest Anatolia: Düzkışla Höyük, Uşak

Sinem

Emir

It is already acknowledged that settled life began in Anatolia before agriculture and animal husbandry. The Neolithic period, updated in line with the new-generation archaeological studies, is currently placed within the date range of circa 11000 - 6000 BC. It is known that the Neolithic lifestyle, point of origin being the Near East, is transmitted to Europe via the Aegean area and the Balkans. It could be said that the transmission to the Coastal Aegean area and subsequently to the Aegean Islands and Mainland Greece is via Pisidia/Lakes Region. Pisidia/Lakes Region is situated within the narrow strip of land that stretches approximately 60 km in the north - south direction from the pit of the Burdur Lake to the southern versant of the Taurus Mountains, which separate the Antalya coastal plain from the Anatolian Plateau. The information acquired from the excavations conducted in Hacılar, Bademağacı, Kuruçay and Höyücek settlements of the region is significant in casting a light on the architectural and pottery development of the Neolithic Period of the region.&nbsp;James Melaart was the first person to conduct surface surveys in Pisidia/Lakes Region, between 1951 and 1952, and encountered about 25 prehistoric settlements. J. Melaart, during his excavations in Hacılar between 1957 and 1960, discovered the pre-Early Bronze Age settlements, whose existence was unknown in Anatolia until then, and used for the first time the terms, Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic Age, for Anatolia (Duru, 1994). Subsequently, Refik Duru carried out excavations in Kuruçay between 1978 and 1988, in Höyücek between 1989 and 1992, and the Bademağacı excavations together with Gülsün Umurtak between 1993 and 2010. All these excavations played a significant role in illuminating the Neolithisation process of Pisidia/Lakes Region.In this study, the architectural and pottery traditions of the subject region are approached from a different perspective, based on the results of a growing body of new-generation Neolithic Period excavations in Anatolia. Thereby, the existing data, which could be interpreted as “tradition” for the said period and which reflects the association or common mindset among the settlements, is opened for discussion and some suggestions are attempted to be presented.Especially regarding the architectural tradition of the Early Neolithic Period (EN), it would not be wrong to say for the settlements examined in this manner, in addition to a few common features such as terrazzo floors, kilns, ovens and silos, that each settlement actually has its own unique architectural understanding. In the region, terrazzo floors are only encountered in Hacılar and Bademağacı settlements, and undoubtedly the buildings in which such floors were discovered are -as we know from some settlements in Southeastern Anatolia- among the special-purpose buildings. Although having a controversy about their functions, another group of special-purpose buildings belonging to the EN were unearthed at the Höyücek Excavation. There is not another building complex similar to this one, which is characterized in Höyücek as a shrine, found in the Neolithic Period of the Pisidia/Lakes Region. Number 4 of this building complex, which consists of a total of 5 buildings, has been interpreted by the excavators as the most sacred place of the complex due to the finds recovered inside and the fact that the room was not suitable for living.&nbsp;As for the Late Neolithic Period (LN), it could be observed that the architecture in the Pisidia/Lakes Region contains comparably more common elements than the previous period. In some of the settlements, the horseshoe-shaped hearths, rectangular ovens and silos found in settlements are common features. In layers 13 and 12 of Kuruçay, which present a different architectural understanding when compared with the other settlements of the region, there are no ovens, silos, or storage boxes, only a horseshoe-shaped hearth with a pebble pavement floor in layer 12 of Kuruçay (Duru&amp;Umurtak, 2005, s.147). Höyücek, with all its architectural features, again varies from the Pisidia/Lakes Region Neolithic settlements. Pisidia/Lakes Region’s Neolithic Period Pottery ware groups, which are re-evaluated in order to use a common language, are separated into five groups as Red/Reddish Brown Ware Group, Beige/Buff/Light Gray/Light Brown/Red Ware Group, Red/Gray/Dark Brown Ware Group, Dark-Surfaced Ware Group, and Plain Ware Group.The Red/Reddish Brown Ware Group is the most common group in the region throughout the Neolithic Period. It could be observed that in LN the usage of this group has increased. However, it is seen that the Dark-Surfaced Wares, even though have been found in plenty in ENA, have lost their former popularity in LN. In the Pisidia/Lakes Region’s Early and Late Neolithic pottery, the repertoire generally consists of the same forms. The most common forms we encounter in EN are bowls and jars with inverted rims, and “S-profile” bowls. Although a significant increase in the number of bowl forms is observed in LN, it could also be seen that forms such as bowls with straight bodies, spouted bowls with everted rims, and flasks, only known from Hacılar, appeared for the first time in this period.In addition to the architectural remains of the Pisidia/Lakes Region, the pottery finds from which more archaeological data could be acquired are significant in determining whether there was a relationship with the neighboring Neolithic Period settlements in Western Anatolia. These relations must have been maintained through the natural passages and access roads situated between the Pisidia/Lakes Region and the neighboring regions. Considering its location, these passages are of great importance for the Pisidia/Lakes Region, which is surrounded by high mountain ranges, to establish contact with neighboring regions. The close parallelism between Ege Gübre’s and Yeşilova's carinated bowls with inverted rims and straight bodies is consequential in proving the cultural interaction between the two. This interaction must have been maintained through the route of the Büyük Menderes River and partly the Gediz Basin, where access to Coastal Aegean area is quite easy.&nbsp;In addition, similar pottery forms and decorations found in settlements such as Sesklo, Argissa Magula and Achilleion in Mainland Greece are of great importance in showing that the pottery dated to the Neolithic Period had been transported via the Pisidia /Lakes Region, following a path from there first to Coastal Aegean area, then onto the Aegean Islands and Mainland Greece, and that, thanks to this, the Lakes Region’s Neolithic Period pottery tradition has been conveyed to the West. As a result, the area of this study is consequential in demonstrating how the settlements of Hacılar, Kuruçay, Höyücek and Bademağacı reflect the arrival process of the Neolithic lifestyle in Central Anatolia to the Pisidia/Lakes Region. The studies conducted around İzmir, particularly in Ege Gübre, Ulucak, Yeşilova, and Çukuriçi, indicate that the Neolithic lifestyle reached the West, the Aegean coasts, via the Pisidia/Lakes Region around the years 7000 BC.&nbsp;

New Observations on the Place of Pisidia/Lakes District in Western Anatolia in the Neolithic Period in Terms of Architectural and Pottery Traditions

Emre

Assoc. Prof.

Barış

About the Double-Axe (Labrys) / Butterfly Symbols in an Offering Pit in Tisna

Hülya

Amongst Anatolian archaeology, Trabzon is a scene of few and discontinued surveys. The history of the region can be traced only as early as to the middle of first millennium BC through written sources of the antique era yet not proved with archaeological data. The textual records document that before and after the Helen colonization (i.e., beginning of the second quarter of first millennium BC), the region has not been desolated but inhabited by local communities. Trabzon Protohistoric Period Survey started in 2018 aims to display the region's pre-Classic Ages. The Survey area in Trabzon was divided into two major plans as littoral and inner regions. Valleys of the streams splitting the territory through the north-south direction allow the inner regions to access the Black Sea and sub-regional mountain ridges.. Maçka, which became the main focus of the survey, is an important gate that connects Black Sea littoral to inner districts. To understand the pre-Classic Age of this geo-strategically important area, survey has been planned considering a route north to south. Accordingly, Maçka can be divided into five sub-regions form west to east; Mulaga, Değirmendere (this valley, which starts from Trabzon, is also called Hamsiköy Valley on south to Maçka), Larhan, Altındere/Meryemana and Atasu/Galyan. In 2019 survey season, the Mulaga Valley, which is located as the farthest to the south Maçka, was investigated.&nbsp;To the south of Zırvanos/Üçgedik District in Mulaga Valley, a rocky field just to the north-west of the Kalecik district is located. Being at the altitude of 2000 m, the inhabitants call the area Kalecik (Mile) Castle. This rocky field lies east to west and is 130-30 m in size. The entrance of the castle, which seems to be built on a rocky surface, could not be detected. However the natural conditions as a plain field suggest a possible entrance at the north-west points. A plastered wall with 4.5 m width and 6 m height ascends solely on the rocky field towards the north to the castle. Our team has been informed that some parts of the fortification wall has been exploded by some raiders using dynamites. In the middle of this rocky field, a circular and filled well with a diameter of 2 m is located. A second well is also detected to 2 m east of the first,, however the field is heavily destructed to allow further interpretation. Near the northern slope of the castle several scattered ceramic pieces were found. However, any architectural finding associated to the finds cannot be detected. A through studied on the ceramics demonstrate a sequence from the Early Iron Age to the Middle Age. Majority of the ceramic pieces are dated to Early Iron Age. Their surface are mostly brown. One of the pieces with mineral tempering has incised decoration. Outer surfaces of some pieces are black, bright burnished and smooth while inner surfaces are mottled black. This dark pattern on outer surface is most likely related with firing technique and mottling seems to be a result of secondary firing process. Moreover, both surfaces of the piece show of tournette marks.Ceramic findings demonstrate similar features with the ones found in the north of the Van Lake Basin (Patnos, Çaldıran, Ernis/Evditepe) and in the north-eastern Anatolian (Bozkurt Kurgan-Cemetary 1, Büyükardıç) Early Iron Age ceramic repertoire regarding the paste, surface treatment, production technique, typology, and decoration. These ceramic pieces prove that the cultural characteristics of the Eastern Anatolian Early Iron Age could also be followed in the Eastern Black Sea mountains. This assertation is for the first time in Trabzon region, for a site at a considerable altitude and castle-type. Geography of the area around the Kalecik castle evokes at the plains of the Eastern Anatolia in contrart to the dense forested characteristic of Black Sea region. When the altitude is over 1000 m, it becomes less humidity as well as sub-humid and semi-arid plains become available. The region must have been suitable for transhumance during the Early Iron Age, as it is practiced today. In this context, the area of Kalecik Castle could be proposed as a region with environmental features that people with castle-like settlements of Early Iron Age were "used to".&nbsp;Trabzon is also important with its ore resources. Especially Maçka region has rich reserves of pyrite, copper, iron, lead, zinc, molybdenum, and manganese. Although prehistoric usage of these resources have not been confirmed yet, this potential is almost impossible to go unnoticed by the Iron Age communities. This communities must have processed iron along with copper and introduced products with increasing experience on metallurgical activities. Compared to the different regions of Anatolia, one of the greatest challenges in archaeological studies in Trabzon is literally the "lack" of surface visibility. This difficulty makes existence of ceramic pieces especially importance. The findings detected at Kalecik castle in 2019, for the first time, make an archaeological interpretation about Early Iron Age in Trabzon possible.

The Most Recent Findings Related to the Early Iron Age at the Eastern Black Sea Mountains

Harun

Erkan

Diauehi and Urartian Tribal Centers in the Context of the Urartian Administration System

The Karaçay/Pazarcık Stele of Storm God

Fikret

Prof.

The ancient city is located between the Tmolos Mountains and the Hermus Plain east of the Pactolus River valley. A massive stone and mudbrick fortification wall of the late Lydian period, some 18-20 m thick, extends down from the slopes of the acropolis, one of the northern spurs of the Tmolos, towards the plain enclosing an area of 108 hectares. According to Herodotus, Herakles was the legendary founder of the city and the Heraklid dynasty going back to the late Bronze Age (Herodotus I.7). Croesus, the last Lydian king was defeated by the Persian King Cyrus in 547 BCE. The Persian rule at Sardis, lasted two centuries until the city was “liberated” by Alexander the Great in 334 BCE (Arrianus, Anabasis, 1.17.3-6). The city and the region were made a part of the Seleucid Empire when Seleukos I Nikator defeated Lysimachus in the Battle of Kourepedion in 281 BCE. Upon Seleukos’ death, his son Antiochus I and his queen Stratonike settled in Sardis it a regional western capital of the Seleukid Kingdom until its defeat in the Battle of Magnesia in 189 BCE by the combined forces of Pergamon and Rome. We believe that the construction of the temple in the Artemis sanctuary commenced soon after the conquest of Sardis by Seleukos, possibly under the leadership of queen Stratonike who lived in Sardis.&nbsp;City planning of Sardis never followed popular grid-iron models; rather, topographical opportunities seem to have dictated the shape of the city producing a more flexible and organic arrangement. A major east-west road marking the course of the Persian Royal Road connecting the coast with the inland divided the plain and the northern foothills of the acropolis – in effect, creating an “upper city” and a “lower city.” The upper city was probably the preferred neighborhood of the wealthier classes. Lydian era terrace walls of fine limestone preserved up to 6-7 m high and possibly connected to each other by stairs, ramps, and tunnels, were uncovered at several locations on acropolis slopes. Massive terraces probably supported large residences or palaces, one being possibly the ‘Lydian Palace’ (mentioned in Pliny and Vitruvius as Croesus’ palace later turned into a gerousia or senior’s meeting place: Pliny, NH 35, 172; Vitruvius, 2.8.9- 10). A major addition of the Hellenistic period was the theater, enlarged with a two-story columnar skene frons during the Roman period; the stadium that extends west beyond the stage building was added around the same time. Inscriptions and ancient sources mention an agora and stoa, gymnasium, and a mint from Lydian and Hellenistic periods, but their locations are unknown. There was considerable settlement outside the city walls at all periods (the latter removed during the Persian period), especially along the Pactolus valley, including a gold refining workshop/sanctuary presided over by a Lydian altar of Kybebe from the sixth century BCE.&nbsp;The Roman era was ushered in by the devastating earthquake of AD 17 which elicited fiscal relief from Rome. Many Roman era buildings are characterized by large, vaulted structures typical of Roman construction, such as the stadium. Notable among them is a midfirst century CE Imperial cult temple (Vadi-B temple, an octastyle Corinthian pseudodipteros) elevated on a vast rectangular colonnaded enclosure approached by an axial, monumental staircase; an early second century bath-gymnasium complex of the symmetrical imperial type featuring a ceremonial hall displaying a colonnaded aediculae in two stories; an eastwest marble colonnaded avenue which received a monumental city gate in late Roman times. For monumentality and cultural importance, the most outstanding monument of GrecoRoman Sardis was the Temple of Artemis. The cult of Artemis was introduced to the city from Ephesus in the late sixth century or so, when a monumental altar was built in the sanctuary against the backdrop of the acropolis. The temple, started ca. 280-270 BCE, might have been intended to be a dipteros like the archaic dipteroi of Ionia. Only the long allmarble cella, facing west, was finished. Work resumed to complete the temple as an Ionic peripteros after the visit of Sardis by Hadrian and Sabina in AD 123/24, an honor which culminated by the granting of the city its second neokoros privilege. Besides starting the construction of the monumental peripteros the cella was divided into two, Artemis retaining her western chamber while the cult of the emperors (with their colossal portrait icons) moved into the new eastern one. The east side seems to have been finished with all its columns, but ironically, the western, Artemis side was never completed. With a pteroma of unequal with around the cella, and spacious and open six-column pronaos porches at the ends, the plan of the Artemis temple at Sardis does not follow the standard pseudodipteral plan of Hermogenes at Magnesia or its Hellenistic and Roman followers.&nbsp;

Sardes: History, Architecture and Urbanization

Engin

Aydın

Thyateira, a Lydian city, is located within the borders of Akhisar district of Manisa province today. New excavations contuining since 2011 go on intensively in Hastane Hoyuk. The mound in question is estimated to be the acropolis of Thyateira from the Hellenistic period onwards. During the excavations on the area that can be defined as the top of the mound, ruins of an Ionic ordered temple; construction of which is believed to had been started in the Hellenistic era, have been brought to daylight.At present, the excavations are concentrated on the eastern entry and the center of this structure. Large part of the temple is not excavated. As the area is located in Akhisar city center, thus densely populated since Late Antiquity to present day, therefore reusage of the temple ruins as spolia and even its conversion to stone and marble pit, intensified in destruction of the building. The late period usages on the temple have been extensive and this amplified its destruction. It has been confirmed that the architectural pieces of the structure had been destroyed to a large extend due to the usages of the areas of the necropolis located on south and north of the temple. At this level which we call as the layer of destruction; a large number of broken pieces belonging to ornamental sections of the temple, had been found. It can be seen that, ornamental parts of the building were destroyed probably by means of a cutter. During the surveyings a toichobate of a Ionic, Anatolian-Ionic columm base, Ionic columm drumm, Ionic capital and fragments of architrave and sima components were found. As understood from the parts of the building that were excavated so far, the destruction was carried out conspiratorially and continued for a while. Once the ornamented and profiled parts were destroyed, roughed blocks were probably transported to somewhere else. Groove ornaments, fragments of Ionic columm drums point to this fact. It is clear that, at least one phase of this destruction layer and the northern and southern necropolis areas around the building were interconnected.Beneath the destruction layers and late period graves, in-situ remains of the building can be seen. During the excavations of 2013, first, southeastern toichobate block of the building was found in-situ. Finding of this piece resulted in changing of the excavation planning. Entry section of the building, which was considered to be constructed in east-west direction, was eastward. Surveying the base of the building, ascertained that dacite blocks were&nbsp;used at the bottom. Marble stylobate blocks were laid on these dacite blocks. Concerning to plan of the temple, so far acquired data are still inadequate. Yet, toichobate and crepis arrangements remind prostylos or in antis temples. With respect to the determination of the initial construction date; these ornamental archeological pieces are of great significance. In the light of the evidence provided by the similar architectural ornaments; it has been realized that the construction of the temple dates back to a period between second and third quarters of the second century BC. The temple in Thyateira, Hastane Hoyuk, whose structure has been started to be revealed, is at most similarity with the temple of Chryse Apollon Smintheios in terms of its substructure and ornamental features.Some findings point to the possibility that, the temple, after its construction in second century BC, was overhauled in the Roman Imperial Period. Yet, it is not easy to reach a certain decision. For all that, with the help of findings and remnants, one can suggest that, the temple was in use until the fifth century AD. Status of the building during the period from its last probable usage as temple to the Early Byzantine Period is unclear. Following the removal of graves, large amounts of architectural and architectural plastic fragments belonging to the temple, which were broken at the times when usage of the temple was came to end, were found in and around the temple area. It can be suggested that, this destruction was intensified during the Period of Iconoclasm, which began at the first half of the eight century AD and called as the “Byzantine Dark Age”. Along with fragments from the temple, some Middle Byzantine architectural and plastic fragments were also used in graves revealed in the mound. Fragments, dated to Middle Byzantine Period or tenth century AD, are the proofs of the Byzantine settlement of this period, which was located on the mound. While size and character of this settlement is not clear yet, examination of the numerous stone and marble architectural findings point to existence of at least one religious building (probably chapel) from the tenth century AD. However, architectural components which were used as spolia in graves indicates that this was not a long-term settlement. It is clear that necropolis area and the destruction of the temple and its sourroundings were interconnected.&nbsp;

Assessments Concerning the Temple Ruins in Thyateira

Özge

Indroduction Human beings are emotional by nature. Since long before the great civilizations established mankind, death and separation have eluded full understanding. As a result, civilizations have performed various rituals to honor their deceased. Over time, these rites developed and changed, with different burial customs and grave types emerging. Grave types differ according to the customs and traditions of a society. In addition, the location of the deceased in the society and the community's financial means determine the grave quality. Cemeteries called necropolizes, which were generally created outside of a city, differed between various regions and periods. While cremation burial was preferred in one region, the use of sarcophagi in another period could be preferred. In some cases, more than one type of grave could be found in a single necropolis. Another feature of ancient burial traditions was the repeated use of the same grave. This situation could be valid for family members or for individuals buried in various difficult periods without regard to kin relations.Accordingly, Anatolian civilizations have exhibited variations in both grave types and burial customs, based on the shifts in societal traditions over time. In addition, various grave types regionally differ. The graves unearthed in the Köşkdağı rescue excavation at Kayseri were likely part of a burial site due to the large number of their burials. The three types of graves in this burial area provide important information about the burial customs of the Kayseri region.Method The Köşkdağı Burial Site was exposed through the rescue excavation carried out by the Kayseri Museum. Five graves were found in the excavation area. Evaluation of these graves revealed their different build types.Kayseri Museum positively received our request and granted the necessary permissions to document the burial area, evaluate the grave types, and present the findings in literature. After obtaining the work permit of the Burial Site, the initial locations of the tombs were documented through photographs and sketches. Inventory information about the burial area made by Kayseri Museum was provided to us. After completion of the documentation process,&nbsp;a literature review was performed to compare each grave type found at the site with similar examples. In addition, the findings of the graves were grouped according to their qualities and their comparison with examples from the literature review. Each find has been evaluated and interpreted in the grave group to which it belongs. Both the structure of the tombs and the finds were compared and found to resemble other examples from ancient times. As a result, a proposal has been submitted for the dates and usage periods of the graves.Results and Discussion In the Köşkdağı district, a burial area was unearthed with a sarcophagus that was discovered through illicit digging and a subsequent rescue excavation. Combined with the presence of different grave structures, the fact that the graves were built in a certain place and order suggests that this area may be a part of the ancient city's necropolis. In the same region, the Garipler Tumulus, which was excavated in 1971, supports this view. However, the partial placement of the ancient city beneath the modern city impedes systematic archaeological excavations. Structural elements and cultural features of the ancient city will be better understood by documenting and evaluating the finds resulting from excavations, such as the Köşkdağı rescue excavation.We cannot recommend a specific construction year for any of the burial types identified in the burial area. However, we can discern that the sarcophagus was most clearly built during the Roman imperial period. Since the other grave types in the study are the earliest types of graves in Anatolia, their first usage dates are difficult to identify because their use as graves has continued over many years. Upon evaluation, the gifts of the dead from the graves were dated to the 1st century AD. Dating can be reliably performed until the middle of the 3rd century AD. In addition, the presence of more than one burial in most of the graves indicates that the graves were used during certain intervals and explains the temporal differences between the gifts of the dead. The graves unearthed through the rescue excavation show the diversity of the burial traditions in Kayseri throughout ancient times. Moreover, the coins found from the carved tombs indicate that the burial area was in use until the 3rd century AD. Thus, the graves and their finds can be used as correlative sources for the grave types and usage periods that have since been unearthed. The orderly placement of plates and carved graves, along with the discovery of more than one burial, indicates that the Köşkdağı burial area may have been used as a family cemetery. Although the sarcophagus was found in a singular instance, it contained multiple burials and maintained proximity to the plate tombs, suggesting that this tomb was re-opened for family members. Thus, the Köşkdağı burial area was most likely a cemetery used as a necropolis by families with different financial means.Recommendations The burial area of Kayseri Köşkdağı gives information about tomb types, tomb finds, and the ancient traditions of Kayseri. Grave types exhibit the burial customs and construction techniques. The finds from the graves constitute important data showing the region's historical background. Particularly, the uncovered coins show the social life in the region and the continuity of the burial area during the Late Roman Period. In this context, this study warrants the attention of regional archaeology.&nbsp;

Types of Tombs at Köşkdağı Grave Area and Finds

Reyhan

Late Antique Sigillata From Adramytteion (Ören/Balıkesir): A Comparative Material AnalysisThe purpose of this paper is to present the range of fine wares used at Adramytteion (modern Ören-Balıkesir) in late antiquity. Specimens were acquired from various parts of the city during excavations in 2012–2013. A particularly large quantity of late antique sigillata was found from a sondage (S9) near Bergaztepe between areas A and B, suggesting late antique occupation of the area. Late antique sigillata finds were also made from Area A in the modern city center and the nearby Area E located to the northeast. In both areas, remains of buildings were unearthed that were apparently used as warehouses in the 12th–13th centuries. A few examples were also obtained from Area D. Architectural remains in this area are associated with a residential complex.&nbsp;&nbsp;The material presented here documents the changing patterns of fine ware consumption at Adramytteion in late antiquity. The available specimens consist of ARS (African Red Slip), LRC (Late Roman C), and LRLCW (Late Roman Light Colored Ware) plates and bowls dated from the 3rd to early 7th centuries AD based on typological characteristics. The earliest examples of ARS ware can be traced to the 3rd century. However, the small number of finds suggests less demand for ARS during the 3rd century. Archaeological deposits from the various parts of the city indicate that ESC (Eastern Sigillata C) was the predominant fine ware in the 3rd and early 4th centuries. A slight increase can be observed in ARS imports from the mid-4th century onward. As is the case across the Mediterranean area, however, probably because of the Vandal invasions in Africa, quantities of ARS ware decreased steadily in the following period. ARS continued to be imported until the beginning of the 7th century, though only in very limited quantities after the 6th century. Form 108 represents the latest datable specimen in this category. Given the evidence provided in this study, it can be stated that the fine ware market in Adramytteion was clearly dominated by LRC ware, especially from the second half of the 5th century onward. Of the late antique sigillata, 69% consists of LRC. The earliest specimens represented within the LRC spectrum belong to Form 1. Most examples are assigned to Hayes Form 3. The later forms from the 6th and early 7th centuries (forms 5, 8, and 10) are each represented by one or two fragments. The latest datable specimen, belonging to Hayes Form 10, is assigned to the early 7th century AD. Late antique fine ware from Adaramytteion also includes LRLC (Late Roman Light Colored) ware. Finds from Parion and Antandros closely resemble the LRCW finds from Adramytteion.On the basis of macroscopic analysis, the majority of the available ARS and LRC fragments can be classified as imports (ARS from Africa, LRC presumably mostly from Phokaia). After Constantinople became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, creating increased demand for ceramics, Phocaea emerged as a new center for large-scale pottery production. Phocaea is likely to have been an easily accessible alternative for supplying pottery to the inhabitants of northwest Anatolia and thus also to Adramytteion. Some specimens found in Adramytteion, although having forms identical to ARS and LRC, differ from the imports due to their fabric (Nos. 9, 27; Nos. 20, 24; No. 13) or due to an unconventional stamped ornament on the wall surface (No. 16). These constitute approximatey 9% of all ARS and LRC specimens. The preliminary analysis suggests hypotheses to be tested by future excavations and archaeometric analysis of ceramic finds.&nbsp;The second part of this study focuses particularly on the relationship between imported and locally produced late antique fine wares in Adramytteion and along the west coast of Asia Minor. In late antiquity, the geographic location and socio-political relations of a city appear to have been determining factors with regard to local production, import, and imitation. In Adramytteion and across northwest Anatolia, LRC constitutes the predominant category. Local workshops (either in Adramytteion or nearby) probably did exist, but did not produce larger, market-dominating quantities of ceramics, merely supplementing local need. Some research has compared the main late antique productions in inter-regional circulation, such as ARS, LRC, and LRD (Late Roman D), with a common language, koine, reflecting sociocultural ties within the Roman Empire. Based on the material examined in this study, it can be concluded that Adramytteion belonged to a koine based on LRC forms. Moreover, the data from southern Ionian cities such as Ephesos and Priene indicate that LRC predominated, whereas the local pottery such as ERSW (Ephesian Red Slip Ware) and Meander sigillata was apparently intended not for large-scale production but for more limited local consumption. Conversely, in the inland settlements of Pisidia and Caria such as Sagalassos and Aphrodisias, local ceramic traditions that already dominated the repertoire in the early Imperial Era partly continued in late antiquity. Meanwhile, in some cities of southern Anatolia, a local industry emerged that was based on LRD forms. Almost all late antique local fine pottery in Perge consists of specimens from the LRD repertoire. Newly discovered workshops in the Gebiz Basin likewise show that LRD can be understood as a common koine of the region.

Spätantike Sigillaten aus Adramytteion (Ören/Balıkesir): Eine Überregionale Materialanalyse

Rifat

Ferda

Castabala is an ancient city in Cilicia and as Hierapolis it owes its title to Artemis Perasia. Castabala Hierapolis which became prominent during Late Hellenstic period during the reign of Tarkondimotos, got involved in three different transcendental-personality during its historicity: Magna Mater through Artemis Perasia cult, Apotheosis of Roman Empire through Tarkondimotos, and the almighty God of Christianity. In this paper, the North Church of Castabala as an important indicator of these three constituents is aimed at to be analyzed within the context of its different structural and semantical construction/ deconstruction phases. In this analysis, we aim to evaluate the meaning and the function of the building on the basis of the reconstruction of the material in a deconstructive way and to analyze the correlation between the monument, the space, and the material by the way of the contemporary concepts like Genius Loci (Norberg-Schulz), Field (Bourdieu), Pastoral Power (Foucault), and Deconstruction (Derrida).Christianity in Cilicia is dated back to the apostolic period in the first century. Saint Paul, one of the most important figures of Christianity, is from Cilicia and some biblical records of his visits in the area indicate that there were Christian communities there starting from the first century. During the fourth century, Cilician bishops had important roles on the local and the central church policies. Hierapolis Castabala which was listed as a bishopric center in early period is on the way of Roman itinerary and is nearer to the pilgrimage route. Archaeological and literary sources indicate that there were many churces in Cilicia and Isauria during the Late Antiquity. In Hierapolis Castabala there are two similar churches dating the fifth-sixth centuries: The North Church and the South Church.The conversion of the Sacred both in the context of the belief and its instruments can be observed in the case of Castabala. The new religious system brings its own liturgical and architectural luggage but sees no harm to use the present material in a new context at the same time. The North Church is a reconstruction operation in the context of the usage of its material chronology. In ancient architecture, materials and construction elements function in certain contexts and are named in accordance with their defined forms and functions. Nevertheless, in the case of the North Church, the reconstruction process gained a paradoxical identity due to the unusual/reversal arrangement of its architectural elements. Some of its architectural elements dated on the second century are spolia and they function differently, in fact reversally from their original functions.&nbsp;The meaning of the architectural form as a cultural element leave traces which makes it possible for us to define it. These traces as substantive indicators of meaning which are constructed in this cultural topography once but are not there anymore make it possible to read the specific nature of the monumental blocks. But in the case of the North Church, the situations seems paradoxical. The orthostates which are normally situated on the level of stylobates were placed on the highest level of the entablature; the capitals were used as imposts and the architraves were placed at the lowest level. Consciously or not, this is a remarkable praxis and constitutes a peculiar arrangement. This kind of usage of spolia caused the losing of the semantic and decorative character of the material and placed them only as a part of statical order. Consequently, the North Church was completely constructed by the misapplication of the original function and the semantical structure of the materials which lost their original aims in the meaning of function, situation, and decoration. In other words, they lost their names, functions, and meanings. The original structure and/or the meanings of the structures were deconstructed in order to construct/reconstruct a monument.&nbsp;

Observations on Ancient Castabala City North Church: Space, Mass and Semantic Production Cycle

İnci

Civic Coinage of Attouda in Caria

@JOURNAL_BOX_CURRENT

Cansın

A Study on the Recurrent Processes of the Goddess and  Her Representation: Hera

Hasan

With Uzundere, Parion covers the entire land mass between Bodrum Cape and Kartal Yuvası and lies within the boundaries of today’s Kemer Village, Biga district, Çanakkale province. The southern Tavşandere necropolis, one of the necropolises of the ancient city, is in a small valley between the southern gate and the hills to the east of the city, immediately after the village cemetery on the entrance route to Kemer Village. In the necropolis, where excavations have been conducted since 2005, more than 300 graves and 6 crematoriums have been unearthed. According to the data obtained, it was used continuously from around 630 BC until the end of the second century AD. Additionally, it has been determined that the most intensive use phase of the necropolis was during the Roman period. The grave numbered M229, which is the subject of the study, was unearthed in the 2019 studies of the necropolis in the northern region of the 1535–2300 grid, according to the urban grid system.The grave was placed with the head in the southeastern direction and the feet in the northwestern direction. The head and feet are covered with vertically placed, trapezoidalshaped, Lakonian-type roof tiles. In the grave, understood to be of the tile-grave type within the general grave typology determined in Parion, the individual was placed in the burial pit in a wooden coffin. It was covered with three concave, trapezoidal, Lakonian-type roof tiles in a horizontal position after the gifts for the dead were left inside the coffin; therefore, this hybrid type of grave is a tile tomb with a wooden coffin. Although the skeleton is quite deteriorated, from dental evidence, it is understood that the individual had been an adult between the ages of 25 and 35. Inhumation burial custom and dorsal burial style were applied to the grave. Inside the wooden coffin, grave goods—including the gifts for the dead and the personal belongings of the grave indweller—were placed on the head and feet of the individual. These gifts of the dead, presented to the grave’s occupant by their family, are 18 unguentaria, a jug, and a mug. A locked wooden crate, agate stone beads, a bronze mirror, a bronze spoon, and two glass rings belonged to the deceased. On the outside of the coffin, an oil lamp and a bowl were other gifts for the dead. There was also a special group of gifts comprising a bone pyxis, a bone medicine box, and a medicine-ointment mixing stone that&nbsp;were found externally to the north of the grave. The materials in this group could also be the individual’s personal belongings. Many ceramic containers were placed vertically and carefully to prevent contained liquids from spilling. These containers may have been left as gifts for the dead by the family after they were filled with liquid (could be water or wine). There is also the possibility that these containers were left in the tomb after libations were consumed during the burial ritual; however, the placement of the containers reduces this possibility. We believe that the large number of vessels, considered gifts to the dead, should be considered in parallel with the social status and dignity of the deceased individual.In the second category, the grave goods used by the deceased in daily life were left in the grave by family members after death. The rings, locked wooden crate, agate beads, bronze spoon, bronze mirror, medicine-ointment mixing stone tray, bone pyxis, and bone medicine box are the finds in this second category. These grave items allow us to obtain important data regarding the individual within the scope of material culture. Primarily, the glass rings and the mirror are gender-oriented special jewelry and ornaments. The bronze spoon inside the coffin and other materials outside the coffin suggest that a fiction can be imagined: the powdered (plant) material from the bone medicine box is diluted with some liquid in the pyxis, and then it is mixed in the stone mixing table until it reaches the proper consistency and is applied to a wound. However, it is important to consider that there were no surgical materials in the grave; therefore, it could be concluded that the grave inhabitant could have been a person who could self-apply a simple drug/ointment treatment. There is also information that the agate stones found in a locked wooden crate were used to treat venomous snake bites in ancient times. It is known that the Isis-Fortuna figure on the lid of the medicine box (Kat. 35) is a health goddess equated with Hygeia. Furthermore, Isis’s close relationship with snakes can be viewed iconographically.This latest information also reveals that the applied treatment by the grave’s occupant may have a cultic-magical link. It is possible to supplement information provided by ancient sources to the results obtained from material and iconographic assessment, so much so that one of the ancient authors Strabo (Strabo XIII, Chapter I, 14) mentions that the men of the Ophiogen family living in Parion treated snake bites. Although Strabo defined those who used this treatment as Ophiogen men, when all data are evaluated, it is thought that a woman in the M229 tomb may have been a healer from the Ophiogen family who lived in the late first century to early second century AD.&nbsp;

Reading a Grave’s Context from Ancient Sources and Material Culture: Grave of a Healer, a Member of the (Legendary) Ophiogen Dynasty (?) from Parion

@JOURNAL_BOX_EARLYVIEW

Onur Sadık

Res. Assist.

The Cult of Theos Hypsistos in the Black Sea and Anatolian Cities

@JOURNAL_BOX_FEATURED

Nilgün

A New Look at Ağın Hoşrik and Kalecikler Area Rescue Excavations

@JOURNAL_BOX_MOSTREAD

Anatolian Research – Anadolu Araştırmaları  is the publication of Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters. It is an open access, international, peer-reviewed journal published annually in December. The journal was founded in 1955. Manuscripts submitted for publication should be in Turkish, English, German, French or Italian. 

Anatolian Research – Anadolu Araştırmaları aims to contribute to the dissemination of scientific knowledge through publication of high quality articles in accordance with the international publishing standards. 

The journal publishes studies which examine Anatolia and its related regions from prehistoric times to late antiquity. The areas of study covered in the scope of the journal are Ancient History, Archeology, Art History, History of Architecture, Anthropology, Epigraphy, Numismatic, Historical Geography and Archeometry.

Mustafa

TR Dizin

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@METRIC_ISSUES

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@METRIC_OPENACCESS

Anatolian Research

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Editor in Chief

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English Language Editor

Editorial Board Member

Advisory Board Member

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Anatolian Research – Anadolu Araştırmaları aims to contribute to the dissemination of scientific knowledge through publication of high quality articles in accordance with the international publishing standards. The journal publishes studies which examine Anatolia and its related regions from prehistoric times to late antiquity. The areas of study covered in the scope of the journal are Ancient History, Archeology, Art History, History of Architecture, Anthropology, Epigraphy, Numismatic, Historical Geography and Archeometry.

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The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the journal. The journal gives priority to original research papers submitted for publication.Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims. Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the journal requires written permission of all declared authors. Refused manuscripts and graphics are not returned to the author.

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Anatolian Research – Anadolu Araştırmaları is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.The articles in Anatolian Research – Anadolu Araştırmaları are open access articles licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en</a>)

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Anatolian Research – Anadolu Araştırmaları adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.-    Principles of integrity, quality and ransparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.-    The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.-    The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.-    Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.-    Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.-    The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.-    In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.-    If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.-    In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/B65417CBE27F4271976FFD3EF4756FEE" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>. The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment.When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

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Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.  Editor-in-chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by editor-in-chief  upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor in chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.-    Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?-    Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?-    Is the problem significant and concisely stated?-    Are the methods described comprehensively?-    Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?-    Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?-    Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

LanguageArticles in Turkish, English, German, French and Italian are published. Submitted manuscript must include an abstract both in the article language and in English, and an extended abstract in English as well. However extended abstract in English is not required for articles in English.Manuscript Organization and SubmissionAll correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified. Manuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="http://dergipark.gov.tr/login" target="_blank">http://dergipark.gov.tr/login</a> that can be accessed at <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iuanadolu" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iuanadolu</a> and it must be accompanied by a <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/783CF472CBF7462C854CF4C5BBA9C7C3" target="_blank">Title Page</a> specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist). Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word 2003 and upper versions. In addition, <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/3E588EA424DD4A009839B97A2372D759" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted. <ol><li>Manuscripts should be prepared using the Article Template. Due to double blind peer review, manuscript file must not include any information about the author.  </li><li>A <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/592D6CDEA83E46C39252B3545F6D91E6" target="_blank">title page</a> including author information must be submitted together with the manuscript. The title page is to include fully descriptive title of the manuscript and, affiliation, title, e-mail address, ORCID, postal address, phone, mobile phone and fax number of the author(s) (see The Submission Checklist).</li><li>Before the introduction part, there should be an abstract of 120-200 words both in the language of the article and in English. An extended abstract in English between 600-800 words, summarizing the scope, the purpose, the results of the study and the methodology used is to be included following the abstracts. If the manuscript is in English, extended abstract is not required. Underneath the abstracts, 5 keywords that inform the reader about the content of the study should be specified in the language of the article and in English.</li><li>The manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords; extended abstract, sections, references, tables and figures.</li><li>References should be in accordance with American Psychological Association (APA) style 6th Edition.</li><li>Authors are responsible for all statements made in their work submitted to the journal for publication.</li></ol>

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Research Article: Original research articles report substantial and original scientific results within the journal scope. Original research articles are comprised of Abstract, Key Words, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, References and Figures, Tables and Graphics.Abstract:  The abstracts in the language of the article and in English must be between 120- 200 words and state aim, method, result and conclusions of the study. If the article is in Turkish, German, French or Italian, an extended abstract of 600-800 words in English must be written as well following the abstracts.Introduction: This section must contain a clear statement of the general and specific objectives as well as the hypotheses which the work is designed to test. It should also give a brief account of the reported literature. It should clearly state the primary and secondary purposes of the article. Only, the actual references related with the issues have to be indicated and data or findings related with the current study must not be included in this section.Methods: This section must contain explicit, concise descriptions of all procedures, materials and methods (i.e. data sources, participants, scales, interviews/reviews, basic measurements, applications, statistical methods) used in the investigation to enable the reader to judge their accuracy, reproducibility, etc. This section should include the known findings at the beginning of the study and the findings during the study must be reported in results section.Results: The results should be presented in logical sequence in the text, tables, and figures, giving the main or most important findings first. The all the data in the tables or figures should not be repeated in the text; only the most important observations must be emphasized or summarized..Discussion: The findings of the study, the findings and results which support or do not support the hypothesis of the study should be discussed, results should be compared and contrasted with findings of other studies in the literature and the different findings from other studies should be explained. The new and important aspects of the study and the conclusions that follow from them should be emphasized. The data or other information given in the Introduction or the Results section should not be repeated in detail.Conclusions: Conclusions derived from the study should be stated.. The conclusions should be linked with the goals of the study but unqualified statements and conclusions not adequately supported by the data should be avoided. New hypotheses should be stated when warranted, but should be labeled clearly as such.Figures, Tables and Graphics: Figures, tables and graphics materials should be “.jpg, .tiff or .jpeg” format and they should be submitted with the article. These materials should be min. 300 pixels and they must not be bigger than page size. The illustrations should not exceed 10 pages. All illustrations should be labelled and a list of figures with captions, legends, and credits should be provided on a separate page.Review Article: Reviews prepared by authors who have extensive knowledge on a particular field and whose scientific background has been translated into a high volume of publications with a high citation potential are welcomed. These authors may even be invited by the journal. Review article should contain title, abstract and keywords; body text with sections, and references.<div style="text-align: left;"> </div>

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Anatolian Research – Anadolu Araştırmaları complies with APA (American Psychological Association) style 6th Edition for referencing and quoting. For more information:- American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: APA.- <a href="http://www.apastyle.org" target="_blank">http://www.apastyle.org</a>Accuracy of citation is the author’s responsibility. All references should be cited in text. Reference list must be in alphabetical order. Type references in the style shown below.Citations in the TextCitations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year within the parenthesis. If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;).Samples:<div style="text-align: left;">More than one citation;</div><div style="text-align: left;">(Esin et al., 2002; Karasar, 1995)</div><div style="text-align: left;">Citation with one author;</div><div style="text-align: left;">(Akyolcu, 2007)</div><div style="text-align: left;">Citation with two authors;</div><div style="text-align: left;">(Sayıner &amp; Demirci, 2007)</div><div style="text-align: left;">Citation with three, four, five authors;</div><div style="text-align: left;">First citation in the text: (Ailen, Ciambrune, &amp; Welch, 2000) Subsequent citations in the text: (Ailen et al., 2000)</div><div style="text-align: left;">Citations with more than six authors;</div><div style="text-align: left;">(Çavdar et al., 2003)</div><div style="text-align: left;">Citations in the Reference</div><div style="text-align: left;">All the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.</div>Basic Reference TypesBook<div style="text-align: left;">a) Turkish Book</div><div style="text-align: left;">Karasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (8th ed.) [Preparing research reports]. Ankara, Turkey: 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.</div><div style="text-align: left;">b) Book Translated into Turkish</div><div style="text-align: left;">Mucchielli, A. (1991). Zihniyetler [Mindsets] (A. Kotil, Trans.). İstanbul, Turkey: İletişim Yayınları.</div><div style="text-align: left;">c) Edited Book</div><div style="text-align: left;">Ören, T., Üney, T., &amp; Çölkesen, R. (Eds.). (2006). Türkiye bilişim ansiklopedisi [Turkish encyclopedia of informatics]. İstanbul, Turkey: Papatya Yayıncılık.</div><div style="text-align: left;">d) Turkish Book with Multiple Authors</div><div style="text-align: left;">Tonta, Y., Bitirim, Y., &amp; Sever, H. (2002). Türkçe arama motorlarında performans değerlendirme [Performance evaluation in Turkish search engines]. Ankara, Turkey: Total Bilişim.</div><div style="text-align: left;">e) Book in English</div><div style="text-align: left;">Kamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.</div><div style="text-align: left;">f) Chapter in an Edited Book</div><div style="text-align: left;">Bassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. In G. Hall &amp; C. Birchall (Eds.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 220–237). Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.</div>g) Chapter in an Edited Book in TurkishErkmen, T. (2012). Örgüt kültürü: Fonksiyonları, öğeleri, işletme yönetimi ve liderlikteki önemi [Organization culture: Its functions, elements and importance in leadership and business management]. In M. Zencirkıran (Ed.), Örgüt sosyolojisi [Organization sociology] (pp. 233–263). Bursa, Turkey: Dora Basım Yayın.<div style="text-align: left;">h) Book with the same organization as author and publisher</div><div style="text-align: left;">American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American psychological association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.</div>Article<div style="text-align: left;">a) Turkish Article</div><div style="text-align: left;">Mutlu, B., &amp; Savaşer, S. (2007). Çocuğu ameliyat sonrası yoğun bakımda olan ebeveynlerde stres nedenleri ve azaltma girişimleri [Source and intervention reduction of stress for parents whose children are in intensive care unit after surgery]. Istanbul University Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 15(60), 179–182.</div><div style="text-align: left;">b) English Article</div><div style="text-align: left;">de Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., &amp; Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002</div><div style="text-align: left;">c) Journal Article with DOI and More Than Seven Authors</div><div style="text-align: left;">Lal, H., Cunningham, A. L., Godeaux, O., Chlibek, R., Diez-Domingo, J., Hwang, S.-J. ... Heineman, T. C. (2015). Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 2087–2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1501184</div><div style="text-align: left;">d) Journal Article from Web, without DOI</div><div style="text-align: left;">Sidani, S. (2003). Enhancing the evaluation of nursing care effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(3), 26–38. Retrieved from http://cjnr.mcgill.ca</div><div style="text-align: left;">e) Journal Article wih DOI</div><div style="text-align: left;">Turner, S. J. (2010). Website statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to measure library website effectiveness. Technical Services Quarterly, 27, 261–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910</div><div style="text-align: left;">f) Advance Online Publication</div><div style="text-align: left;">Smith, J. A. (2010). Citing advance online publication: A review. Journal of Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a45d7867</div><div style="text-align: left;">g) Article in a Magazine</div><div style="text-align: left;">Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28–31.</div>Doctoral Dissertation, Master’s Thesis, Presentation, Proceeding<div style="text-align: left;">a) Dissertation/Thesis from a Commercial Database</div><div style="text-align: left;">Van Brunt, D. (1997). Networked consumer health information systems (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 9943436)</div><div style="text-align: left;">b) Dissertation/Thesis from an Institutional Database</div><div style="text-align: left;">Yaylalı-Yıldız, B. (2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portali</div><div style="text-align: left;">c) Dissertation/Thesis from Web</div><div style="text-align: left;">Tonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley). Retrieved from http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar /phd/ickapak.html</div><div style="text-align: left;">d) Dissertation/Thesis abstracted in Dissertations Abstracts International</div><div style="text-align: left;">Appelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture amplifica-tion, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.</div><div style="text-align: left;">e) Symposium Contribution</div><div style="text-align: left;">Krinsky-McHale, S. J., Zigman, W. B., &amp; Silverman, W. (2012, August). Are neuropsychiatric symptoms markers of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome? In W. B. Zigman (Chair), Predictors of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in adults with Down syndrome. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.</div><div style="text-align: left;">f) Conference Paper Abstract Retrieved Online</div><div style="text-align: left;">Liu, S. (2005, May). Defending against business crises with the help of intelligent agent based early warning solutions. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Miami, FL. Abstract retrieved from http://www.iceis.org/iceis2005/abstracts_2005.htm</div><div style="text-align: left;">g) Conference Paper - In Regularly Published Proceedings and Retrieved Online</div><div style="text-align: left;">Herculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H., &amp; Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593–12598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105</div><div style="text-align: left;">h) Proceeding in Book Form</div><div style="text-align: left;">Parsons, O. A., Pryzwansky, W. B., Weinstein, D. J., &amp; Wiens, A. N. (1995). Taxonomy for psychology. In J. N. Reich, H. Sands, &amp; A. N. Wiens (Eds.), Education and training beyond the doctoral degree: Proceedings of the American Psychological Association National Conference on Postdoctoral Education and Training in Psychology (pp. 45–50). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.</div><div style="text-align: left;">i) Paper Presentation</div><div style="text-align: left;">Nguyen, C. A. (2012, August). Humor and deception in advertising: When laughter may not be the best medicine. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.</div>Other Sources<div style="text-align: left;">a) Newspaper Article</div><div style="text-align: left;">Browne, R. (2010, March 21). This brainless patient is no dummy. Sydney Morning Herald, 45.</div><div style="text-align: left;">b) Newspaper Article with no Author</div><div style="text-align: left;">New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.</div><div style="text-align: left;">c) Web Page/Blog Post</div><div style="text-align: left;">Bordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/</div><div style="text-align: left;">d) Online Encyclopedia/Dictionary</div><div style="text-align: left;">Ignition. (1989). In Oxford English online dictionary (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://dictionary.oed. com</div><div style="text-align: left;">Marcoux, A. (2008). Business ethics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/</div><div style="text-align: left;">e) Podcast</div><div style="text-align: left;">Dunning, B. (Producer). (2011, January 12). inFact: Conspiracy theories [Video podcast]. Retrieved from <a href="http://itunes.apple.com/" style="font-size: 9pt;" target="_blank">http://itunes.apple.com/</a></div><div style="text-align: left;">f) Single Episode in a Television Series</div><div style="text-align: left;">Egan, D. (Writer), &amp; Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate. [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive producer), House; New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.</div><div style="text-align: left;">g) Music</div><div style="text-align: left;">Fuchs, G. (2004). Light the menorah. On Eight nights of Hanukkah [CD]. Brick, NJ: Kid Kosher.</div>

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ISSN	0569-9746
E-ISSN	2667-629X
Period	Annually
Editor	Mustafa Hamdi Sayar
Anatolian Research – Anadolu Araştırmaları is the publication of Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters. It is an open access, international, peer-reviewed journal published annually in December. The journal was founded in 1955. Manuscripts submitted for publication should be in Turkish, English, German, French or Italian. Anatolian Research – Anadolu Araştırmaları aims to contribute to the dissemination of scientific knowledge through publication of high quality articles in accordance with the international publishing standards. The journal publishes studies which examine Anatolia and its related regions from prehistoric times to late antiquity. The areas of study covered in the scope of the journal are Ancient History, Archeology, Art History, History of Architecture, Anthropology, Epigraphy, Numismatic, Historical Geography and Archeometry.

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