A Comprehensive Review on Microplastic Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems and Their Effects on Aquatic Biota
Duygu Sazlı, Danial Nassouhi, Mehmet Borga Ergönül, Sibel AtasağunPlastic wastes released into the environment break down into fine particles due to exposure to meteorological events such as wind, precipitation, UV radiation, and abrasion. These smaller plastic particles, ranging between 1 µm and 5 mm, are called microplastics and they can be transported over longer distances with the aid of erosion, waste water discharges, winds, and currents. Aquatic habitats are the final sink for many pollutants including heavy metals, pesticides, nanoparticles, and microplastics released into environment. Thus, these pollutants are considered a major threat to aquatic life. In this study, we reviewed studies i: focusing on the type, size and the quantity of microplastics observed in freshwater and marine ecosystems, and ii: studies on the effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms. The data gathered clearly indicates that microplastics are quite abundant in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Furthermore, nearly in all studies reviewed, microplastic uptake and alterations in several biochemical parameters depending on microplastic exposure are recorded. The studies also point out that microplastics will become a global serious health concern both for human beings and aquatic organisms in the near future.
PDF View
References
- Abayomi, O. A., Range, P., Al-Ghouti, M. A., Obbard, J. P., Almeer, S. H. & Ben-Hamadou, R. (2017). Microplastics in coastal environments of the Arabian Gulf. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 124(1): 181-188. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.011 google scholar
- Abidli, S., Pinheiro, M., Lahbib, Y., Neuparth, T., Santos, M. M. & Trigui El Menif, N. (2021). Effects of environmentally relevant levels of polyethylene microplastic on Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mollusca: Bivalvia): filtration rate and oxidative stress. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(21): 26643-26652. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11356-021-12506-8 google scholar
- Abu-Hilal, A. H. & Al-Najjar, T. H. (2009). Plastic pellets on the beaches of the northern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, 12(4): 461-470. https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980903361200 google scholar
- Adu-Boahen, K., Dadson, I. Y., Mensah, D. K. D. & Kyeremeh, S. (2020). Mapping ecological impact of microplastics on freshwater habitat in the central region of Ghana: a case study of River Akora. GeoJournal, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10273-6 google scholar
- Ahmadifar, E., Kalhor, N., Dawood, M. A., Ahmadifar, M., Moghadam, M. S., Abarghouei, S. & Hedayati, A. (2021). Effects of polystyrene microparticles on inflammation, antioxidant enzyme activities, and related gene expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(12): 14909-14916. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11731-x google scholar
- Aksakal, D., Çalış, M., Yiğirtyurt, S. & Durmaz, Y. (2021). Işınlı İnci İstiridyesi Pinctada imbricata radiata’da Mikroplastik Varlığı. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 6(4): 742-748. https:// doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1002179 google scholar
- Alomar, C. & Deudero, S. (2017). Evidence of microplastic ingestion in the shark Galeus melastomus Rafinesque, 1810 in the continental shelf off the western Mediterranean Sea. Environmental Pollution, 223: 223-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.015 google scholar
- Al-Thawadi, S. (2020). Microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic environments: challenges and threats to aquatic organisms. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 45(6): 4419-4440. https://doi. org/10.1007/s13369-020-04402-z google scholar
- Âlvarez-Hernândez, C., Cairos, C., Lopez-Darias, J., Mazzetti, E., Hernandez-Sanchez, C., Gonzalez-Salamo, J. & Hernandez-Borges, J. (2019). Microplastic debris in beaches of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain.). Marine Pollution Bulletin 146: 26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. marpolbul.2019.05.064 google scholar
- Amobonye, A., Bhagwat, P., Singh, S. & Pillai, S. (2021). Plastic biodegradation: frontline microbes and their enzymes. Science of the Total Environment, 759: 143536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scitotenv.2020.143536 google scholar
- An, D., Na, J., Song, J. & Jung, J. (2021). Size-dependent chronic toxicity of fragmented polyethylene microplastics to Daphnia magna. Chemosphere, 271: 129591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129591 google scholar
- Ansari, F. A., Ratha, S. K., Renuka, N., Ramanna, L., Gupta, S. K., Rawat, I. & Bux, F. (2021). Effect of microplastics on growth and biochemical composition of microalga Acutodesmus obliquus. Algal Research, 56: 102296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2021.102296 google scholar
- Aydın, E. (2020). Yüzey sularında mikroplastik kirliliğinin incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kayseri, 121 s. google scholar
- Aytan, Ü., Esensoy, F.B., Senturk, Y., Arifoğlu, E., Karaoğlu, K., Ceylan, Y. & Valente, A. (2022). Plastic Occurrence in Commercial Fish Species of the Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 22(7): TRJFAS20504. http://doi.org/10.4194/TRJFAS20504 google scholar
- Aytan, Ü., Şenturk, Y., Esensoy, F. B., Öztekin, A., Ağırbas, E. & Valente, A. (2020). Microplastic pollution along the southeastern Black Sea. Marine Litter in the Black Sea, 56: 192-207. google scholar
- Ballent, A., Purser, A., de Jesus Mendes, P., Pando, S. & Thomsen, L. (2012). Physical transport properties of marine microplastic pollution. Biogeosciences Discussions, 9(12). https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-18755-2012 google scholar
- Barboza, L. G. A., Vieira, L. R., Branco, V., Carvalho, C. & Guilhermino, L. (2018). Microplastics increase mercury bioconcentration in gills and bioaccumulation in the liver, and cause oxidative stress and damage in Dicentrarchus labrax juveniles. Scientific Reports, 8(1): 1-9. https:// doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34125-z google scholar
- Baysal, A., Saygin, H. & Ustabasi, G. S. (2020). Microplastic Occurrences in Sediments Collected from Marmara Sea-Istanbul, Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 105(4), 522-529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02993-9 google scholar
- Beiras, R., Bellas, J., Cachot, J., Cormier, B., Cousin, X., Engwall, M., Gambardella, C., Garaventa, F., Keiter, S., Bihanic, F. L., Lopez-Ibanez, S., Piazza, V, Rial, D., Tato, T. & Vidal-Linan, L. (2018). Ingestion and contact with polyethylene microplastics does not cause acute toxicity on marine zooplankton. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 360: 452460. google scholar
- Bellas, J. & Gil, I. (2020). Polyethylene microplastics increase the toxicity of chlorpyrifos to the marine copepod Acartia tonsa. Environmental Pollution, 260: 114059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.101 google scholar
- Bergmann, M., Wirzberger, V., Krumpen, T., Lorenz, C., Primpke, S., Tekman, M. B. & Gerdts, G. (2017). High quantities of microplastic in Arctic deep-sea sediments from the hausgarten observatory. Environmental Science and Technology, 51(19): 11000-11010. https:// doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03331 google scholar
- Blair, R. M., Waldron, S., Phoenix, V. R. & Gauchotte-Lindsay, C. (2019). Microscopy and elemental analysis characterisation of microplastics in sediment of a freshwater urban River in Scotland, UK. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(12): 12491-12504. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11356-019-04678-1 google scholar
- Blarer, P. & Burkhardt-Holm, P. (2016). Microplastics affect assimilation efficiency in the freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum. Environmental science and pollution research, 23(23): 23522-23532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7584-2 google scholar
- Bordos, G., Urbanyi, B., Micsinai, A., Kriszt, B., Palotai, Z., Szabo, I., Hantosi, Z. & Szoboszlay, S. (2019). Identification of microplastics in fish ponds and natural freshwater environments of the Carpathian basin, Europe. Chemosphere, 216: 110-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. chemosphere.2018.10.110 google scholar
- Boucher, J. & Friot, D. 2017. Primary microplastics in the oceans: a global evaluation of sources (Vol). 43. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. http://dx. doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2017.01.en google scholar
- Bourdages, M. P., Provencher, J. F., Baak, J. E., Mallory, M. L. & Vermaire, J. C. (2021). Breeding seabirds as vectors of microplastics from sea to land: Evidence from colonies in Arctic Canada. Science of the Total Environment, 764: 142808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142808 google scholar
- Bridson, J. H., Patel, M., Lewis, A., Gaw, S. & Parker, K. (2020). Microplastic contamination in Auckland (New Zealand) beach sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 151: 110867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110867 google scholar
- Browne, M. A., Crump, P., Niven, S. J., Teuten, E., Tonkin, A., Galloway, T., & Thompson, R. (2011). Accumulation of microplastic on shorelines woldwide: sources and sinks. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(21): 9175-9179. https://doi.org/10.1021/es201811s google scholar
- Browne, M. A., Dissanayake, A., Galloway, T. S., Lowe, D. M. & Thompson, R. C. (2008). Ingested microscopic plastic translocates to the circulatory system of the mussel, Mytilus edulis. Environmental Science and Technology, 42(13): 5026-5031. https://doi.org/10.1021/es800249a google scholar
- Bujaczek, T., Kolter, S., Locky, D. & Ross, M. S. (2021). Characterization of microplastics and anthropogenic fibers in surface waters of the North Saskatchewan River, Alberta, Canada. Facets, 6(1): 26-43. https://doi. org/10.1139/facets-2020-0057 google scholar
- Caldwell, J., Petri-Fink, A., Rothen-Rutishauser, B. & Lehner, R. (2019). Assessing meso-and microplastic pollution in the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian Seas. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 149: 110572. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110572 google scholar
- Campanale, C., Stock, F., Massarelli, C., Kochleus, C., Bagnuolo, G., Reifferscheid, G. & Uricchio, V. F. (2020). Microplastics and their possible sources: The example of Ofanto River in southeast Italy. Environmental Pollution, 258: 113284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envpol.2019.113284 google scholar
- Canniff, P. M. & Hoang, T. C. (2018). Microplastic ingestion by Daphnia magna and its enhancement on algal growth. Science of the Total Environment, 633: 500-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.176 google scholar
- Capolupo, M., Franzellitti, S., Valbonesi, P., Lanzas, C. S. & Fabbri, E. (2018). Uptake and transcriptional effects of polystyrene microplastics in larval stages of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Environmental Pollution, 241: 1038-1047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envpol.2018.06.035 google scholar
- Carbery, M., O’Connor, W. & Palanisami, T. (2018). Trophic transfer of microplastics and mixed contaminants in the marine food web and implications for human health. Environment international, 115: 400409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.007 google scholar
- Carrasco-Navarro, V., Muniz-Gonzalez, A. B., Sorvari, J. & Martinez-Guitarte, J. L. (2021). Altered gene expression in Chironomus riparius (Insecta) in response to tire rubber and polystyrene microplastics. Environmental Pollution, 285: 117462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envpol.2021.117462 google scholar
- Chen, H., Hua, X., Li, H., Wang, C., Dang, Y., Ding, P. & Yu, Y. (2021). Transgenerational neurotoxicity of polystyrene microplastics induced by oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Chemosphere, 272: 129642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129642 google scholar
- Chen, X., Wang, D., Peng, L. B., Song, H. Z., Xiang, L. P., Yu, H. X., Zheng, J. L. & Zhu, Q. L. (2022). Genome-wide identification of seven superoxide dismutase genes in the marine rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis and modulated expression and enzymatic activity in response to microplastics and nutritional status. Aquatic Toxicology, 243: 106055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106055 google scholar
- Chen, Y., Ling, Y., Li, X., Hu, J., Cao, C. & He, D. (2020). Size-dependent cellular internalization and effects of polystyrene microplastics in microalgae P. helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis and S. quadricauda. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 399: 123092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123092 google scholar
- Choi, J. S., Hong, S. H. & Park, J. W. (2020). Evaluation of microplastic toxicity in accordance with different sizes and exposure times in the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus. Marine Environmental Research, 153: 104838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104838 google scholar
- Chouchene, K., da Costa, J. P., Wali, A., Girâo, A. V, Hentati, O., Duarte, A. C., Rocha-Santos, T. & Ksibi, M. (2019). Microplastic pollution in the sediments of Sidi Mansour Harbor in Southeast Tunisia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 146: 92-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.004 google scholar
- Cole, M., Coppock, R., Lindeque, P. K., Altin, D., Reed, S., Pond, D. W., Sorensen, L., Galloway, T. & Booth, A. M. (2019). Effects of nylon microplastic on feeding, lipid accumulation, and moulting in a coldwater copepod. Environmental Science and Technology, 53(12): 7075-7082. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01853 google scholar
- Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Halsband, C. & Galloway, T. S. (2011). Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(12): 2588-2597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. marpolbul.2011.09.025 google scholar
- Constant, M., Kerhervé, P., Mino-Vercellio-Androllet, M., Dumontier, M., Vidal, A. S., Canals, M. & Heussner, S. (2019). Beached microplastics in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 142: 263-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.032 google scholar
- Crawford, C. B. & Quinn, B., (2017). The biological impacts and effect of contaminated microplastics. pp. 159-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/ B978-0-12-809406-8.00007-4 google scholar
- Crew, A., Gregory-Eaves, I. & Ricciardi, A. (2020). Distribution, abundance, and diversity of microplastics in the upper St. Lawrence River. Environmental Pollution, 260: 113994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envpol.2020.113994 google scholar
- Cutroneo, L., Capello, M., Domi, A., Consani, S., Lamare, P., Coyle, P., Bertin, V., Dornic, D., Reboa, A., Genesalli, I. & Anghinolfi, M. (2022). Microplastics in the abyss: a first investigation into sediments at 2443m depth (Toulon, France). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(6): 9375-9385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17997-z google scholar
- Çevik, C. & Gündoğdu, S. (2019). İskenderun Körfezi Çevresinde Bulunan Kumul Sahillerdeki Mikroplastik Kirliliğinin Mevcut Durumunun Belirlenmesi. TÜBİTAK, 58 s. google scholar
- de Silva, P. P. G., Nobre, C. R., Resaffe, P., Pereira, C. D. S. & Gusmao, F. (2016). Leachate from microplastics impairs larval development in brown mussels. Water Research, 106: 364-370. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.016 google scholar
- Derraik, J. G. (2002). The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44(9): 842-852. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00220-5 google scholar
- Détrée, C. & Gallardo-Escarate, C. (2018). Single and repetitive microplastics exposures induce immune system modulation and homeostasis alteration in the edible mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Fish and shellfish immunology, 83: 52-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. fsi.2018.09.018 google scholar
- Ding, J., Zhang, S., Razanajatovo, R. M., Zou, H. & Zhu, W. (2018). Accumulation, tissue distribution, and biochemical effects of polystyrene microplastics in the freshwater fish red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Environmental Pollution, 238: 1-9. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.001 google scholar
- Ebrahimpour, K., Baradaran, A. & Darabi, H. (2021). Subacute toxic effects of polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVC-MPs) in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20(2): 233-242. google scholar
- Edo, C., Tamayo-Belda, M., Martinez-Campos, S., Martin-Betancor, K., Gonzalez-Pleiter, M., Pulido-Reyes, G., Garcia-Ruiz, C., Zapata, F., Leganes, F., Fernandez-Pinas, F. & Rosal, R. (2019). Occurrence and identification of microplastics along a beach in the Biosphere Reserve of Lanzarote. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 143: 220-227. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.061 google scholar
- Eerkes-Medrano, D., Thompson, R. C. & Aldridge, D. C. (2015). Microplastics in freshwater systems: a review of the emerging threats, identification of knowledge gaps and prioritisation of research needs. Water Research, 75: 63-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.012 google scholar
- Eo, S., Hong, S. H., Song, Y. K., Han, G. M. & Shim, W. J. (2019). Spatiotemporal distribution and annual load of microplastics in the Nakdong River, South Korea. Water research, 160: 228-237. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.053 google scholar
- Espinosa, C., Beltran, J. M. G., Esteban, M. A. & Cuesta, A. (2018). In vitro effects of virgin microplastics on fish head-kidney leucocyte activities. Environmental Pollution, 235: 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envpol.2017.12.054 google scholar
- Espinosa, C., Cuesta, A. & Esteban, M. Â. (2017). Effects of dietary polyvinylchloride microparticles on general health, immune status and expression of several genes related to stress in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 68: 251259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.006 google scholar
- Fan, Y., Zheng, K., Zhu, Z., Chen, G. & Peng, X. (2019). Distribution, sedimentary record, and persistence of microplastics in the Pearl River catchment, China. Environmental Pollution, 251: 862-870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.056 google scholar
- Fendall, L. S., & Sewell, M. A. (2009). Contributing to marine pollution by washing your face: microplastics in facial cleansers. Marine pollution bulletin, 58(8): 1225-1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.04.025 google scholar
- Ferreira, P., Fonte, E., Soares, M. E., Carvalho, F. & Guilhermino, L. (2016). Effects of multi-stressors on juveniles of the marine fish Pomatoschistus microps: gold nanoparticles, microplastics and temperature. Aquatic Toxicology, 170: 89-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.11.011 google scholar
- Foley, C. J., Feiner, Z. S., Malinich, T. D. & Höök, T. O. (2018). A metaanalysis of the effects of exposure to microplastics on fish and aquatic invertebrates. Science of the total environment, 631, 550-559. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.046 google scholar
- Free, C. M., Jensen, O. P., Mason, S. A., Eriksen, M., Williamson, N. J. & Boldgiv, B. (2014). High-levels of microplastic pollution in a large, remote, mountain lake. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 85(1): 156-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.001 google scholar
- Frias, J. P. G. L. & Nash, R. (2019). Microplastics: finding a consensus on the definition. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 138: 145-147. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.022 google scholar
- Gall, S. C. & Thompson, R. C. (2015). The impact of debris on marine life. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 92(1-2): 170-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. marpolbul.2014.12.041 google scholar
- Gambardella, C., Morgana, S., Ferrando, S., Bramini, M., Piazza, V., Costa, E., Garaventa, F. & Faimali, M. (2017). Effects of polystyrene microbeads in marine planktonic crustaceans. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 145: 250-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ecoenv.2017.07.036 google scholar
- Gasperi, J., Wright, S. L., Dris, R., Collard, F., Mandin, C., Guerrouache, M., Langlois, V., Kelly, F. J. & Tassin, B. (2018). Microplastics in air: are we breathing it in? Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health, 1: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2017.10.002 google scholar
- Gedik, K. & Eryaşar, A. R. (2020). Microplastic pollution profile of Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected along the Turkish coasts. Chemosphere, 260: 127570. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127570 google scholar
- Gerolin, C. R., Pupim, F. N., Sawakuchi, A. O., Grohmann, C. H., Labuto, G. & Semensatto, D. (2020). Microplastics in sediments from Amazon Rivers, Brazil. Science of the Total Environment, 749: 141604. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141604 google scholar
- GESAMP, (2015). Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: a global assessment” (Kershaw, P. J., ed.). (IMO/FAO/ UNESCO-IOC/UNIDO/WMO/IAEA/UN/UNEP/UNDP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection). Report Studies. GESAMP No. 90, 96 p. google scholar
- Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R. & Law, K. L. (2017). Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Science Advances, 3(7): e1700782. https://doi. org/10.1126/sciadv.1700782 google scholar
- Gray, A. D. & Weinstein, J. E. (2017). Size-and shape-dependent effects of microplastic particles on adult daggerblade grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 36(11): 3074-3080. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3881 google scholar
- Gregory, M. R. (1996). Plastic ‘scrubbers’ in hand cleansers: a further (and minor) source for marine pollution identified. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 32(12): 867-871. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00047-1 google scholar
- Guilhermino, L., Vieira, L. R., Ribeiro, D., Tavares, A. S., Cardoso, V., Alves, A. & Almeida, J. M. (2018). Uptake and effects of the antimicrobial florfenicol, microplastics and their mixtures on freshwater exotic invasive bivalve Corbicula fluminea. Science of the Total Environment, 622: 1131-1142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.020 google scholar
- Guimaraes, A. T. B., Charlie-Silva, I. & Malafaia, G. (2021). Toxic effects of naturally-aged microplastics on zebrafish juveniles: a more realistic approach to plastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 407: 124833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124833 google scholar
- Gündoğdu, S. (2017). High level of micro-plastic pollution in the Iskenderun Bay NE Levantine coast of Turkey. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 34(4):401-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.12714/ egejfas.2017.34.4.06 google scholar
- Gündoğdu, S., Çevik, C. & Ataş, N. T. (2020). Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts of some edible fish species along the Turkish coast. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 44(4): 312-323. https://doi. org/10.3906/zoo-2003-49 google scholar
- Guschina, I. A., Hayes, A. J. & Ormerod, S. J. (2020). Polystyrene microplastics decrease accumulation of essential fatty acids in common freshwater algae. Environmental Pollution, 263: 114425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114425 google scholar
- Hadiyanto, H., Khoironi, A., Dianratri, I., Suherman, S., Muhammad, F. & Vaidyanathan, S. (2021). Interactions between polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics and Spirulina sp. microalgae in aquatic systems. Heliyon, 7(8): e07676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021. e07676 google scholar
- Hanslik, L., Huppertsberg, S., Kämmer, N., Knepper, T. P. & Braunbeck, T. (2022). Rethinking the relevance of microplastics as vector for anthropogenic contaminants: Adsorption of toxicants to microplastics during exposure in a highly polluted stream-Analytical quantification and assessment of toxic effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Science of the Total Environment, 816: 151640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scitotenv.2021.151640 google scholar
- Hariharan, G., Purvaja, R., Anandavelu, I., Robin, R. S. & Ramesh, R. (2021). Accumulation and ecotoxicological risk of weathered polyethylene (wPE) microplastics on green mussel (Perna viridis). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 208, 111765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ecoenv.2020.111765 google scholar
- He, B., Goonetilleke, A., Ayoko, G. A. & Rintoul, L. (2020). Abundance, distribution patterns, and identification of microplastics in Brisbane River sediments, Australia. Science of the Total Environment, 700: 134467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134467 google scholar
- Herrera, A., Raymond, E., Martinez, I., Âlvarez, S., Canning-Clode, J., Gestoso, I., Pham, C. K., Rios, N., Rodriguez, Y & Gomez, M. (2020). First evaluation of neustonic microplastics in the Macaronesian region, Atlantic. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 153: 110999. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110999 google scholar
- Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Gutow, L., Thompson, R. C. & Thiel, M. (2012). Microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environmental Science and Technology, 46(6): 3060-3075. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2031505 google scholar
- Horton, A. A., Walton, A., Spurgeon, D. J., Lahive, E. & Svendsen, C. (2017). Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities. Science of the Total Environment, 586: 127-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.190 google scholar
- Hu, L., Chernick, M., Hinton, D. E. & Shi, H. (2018). Microplastics in small waterbodies and tadpoles from Yangtze River Delta, China. Environmental Science and Technology, 52(15): 8885-8893. https:// doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02279 google scholar
- Iheanacho, S. C. & Odo, G. E. (2020). Neurotoxicity, oxidative stress biomarkers and haematological responses in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to polyvinyl chloride microparticles. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology, 232: 108741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108741 google scholar
- Imhof, H. K. & Laforsch, C. (2016). Hazardous or not-Are adult and juvenile individuals of Potamopyrgus antipodarum affected by nonbuoyant microplastic particles? Environmental Pollution, 218: 383391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.017 google scholar
- Isobe, A., Uchiyama-Matsumoto, K., Uchida, K. & Tokai, T. (2017). Microplastics in the Southern Ocean. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 114(1): 623-626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.037 google scholar
- Ivleva, N. P., Wiesheu, A. C. & Niessner, R. (2017). Microplastic in aquatic ecosystems. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 56(7): 17201739. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201606957 google scholar
- Jabeen, K., Li, B., Chen, Q., Su, L., Wu, C., Hollert, H. & Shi, H. (2018). Effects of virgin microplastics on goldfish (Carassius auratus). Chemosphere, 213: 323-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.031 google scholar
- Jacob, H., Besson, M., Oberhaensli, F., Taylor, A., Gillet, B., Hughes, S., Melvin, S. D. Bustamante, Paco, Swarzenski, P. W., Lecchini, D. & google scholar
- Metian, M. (2021). A multifaceted assessment of the effects of polyethylene microplastics on juvenile gilthead seabreams (Sparus aurata). Aquatic Toxicology, 241: 106004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. aquatox.2021.106004 google scholar
- Jemec, A., Horvat, P., Kunej, U., Bele, M. & Krzan, A. (2016). Uptake and effects of microplastic textile fibers on freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. Environmental Pollution, 219: 201-209. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.037 google scholar
- Jeong, C. B., Won, E. J., Kang, H. M., Lee, M. C., Hwang, D. S., Hwang, U. K., Zhou, B., Souissi, S., Lee, S. J. & Lee, J. S. (2016). Microplastic sizedependent toxicity, oxidative stress induction, and p-JNK and p-p38 activation in the monogonont rotifer (Brachionus koreanus). Environmental Science and Technology, 50(16): 8849-8857. https:// doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01441 google scholar
- Jeong, C. B., Kang, H. M., Lee, Y. H., Kim, M. S., Lee, J. S., Seo, J. S., Wang, M. & Lee, J. S. (2018). Nanoplastic ingestion enhances toxicity of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus via multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) disruption. Environmental Science and Technology, 52(19): 11411-11418. https:// doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b03211 google scholar
- Jeyavani, J., Sibiya, A., Bhavaniramya, S., Mahboob, S., Al-Ghanim, K. A., Nisa, Z. U., Riaz, M. N., Nicoletti, M., Govindarajan, M. & Vaseeharan, B. (2022). Toxicity evaluation of polypropylene microplastic on marine microcrustacean Artemia salina: An analysis of implications and vulnerability. Chemosphere, 296: 133990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. chemosphere.2022.133990 google scholar
- Jovanovic, B. (2017). Ingestion of microplastics by fish and its potential consequences from a physical perspective. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 13(3): 510-515. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1913 google scholar
- Kawecki, D., Scheeder, P. R. & Nowack, B. (2018). Probabilistic material flow analysis of seven commodity plastics in Europe. Environmental Science and Technology, 52(17): 9874-9888. https://doi.org/10.1021/ acs.est.8b01513 google scholar
- Kettiger, H., Schipanski, A., Wick, P. & Huwyler, J. (2013). Engineered nanomaterial uptake and tissue distribution: from cell to organism. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 8: 3255. https://doi. org/10.2147%2FIJN.S49770 google scholar
- Khoironi, A. & Anggoro, S. (2019). Evaluation of the interaction among microalgae Spirulina sp., plastics polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene in freshwater environment. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 20(6). https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/108637 google scholar
- Khosrovyan, A. & Kahru, A. (2020). Evaluation of the hazard of irregularly-shaped co-polyamide microplastics on the freshwater non-biting midge Chironomus riparius through its life cycle. Chemosphere, 244: 125487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125487 google scholar
- Kim, D., Chae, Y. & An, Y. J. (2017). Mixture toxicity of nickel and microplastics with different functional groups on Daphnia magna. Environmental Science and Technology, 51(21): 12852-12858. https:// doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03732 google scholar
- Kim, J., Poirier, D. G., Helm, P. A., Bayoumi, M. & Rochman, C. M. (2020). No evidence of spherical microplastics (10-300 pm) translocation in adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after a two-week dietary exposure. Plos One, 15(9): e0239128. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0239128 google scholar
- Kinjo, A., Mizukawa, K., Takada, H. & Inoue, K. (2019). Size-dependent elimination of ingested microplastics in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 149: 110512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110512 google scholar
- Klein, K., Heß, S., Nungeß, S., Schulte-Oehlmann, U. & Oehlmann, J. (2021). Particle shape does not affect ingestion and egestion of microplastics by the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina palmata. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(44): 62246-62254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15068-x google scholar
- Kumar, R., Sharma, P., Manna, C. & Jain, M. (2021). Abundance, interaction, ingestion, ecological concerns, and mitigation policies of microplastic pollution in Riverine ecosystem: A review. Science of The Total Environment, 782: 146695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scitotenv.2021.146695 google scholar
- Kühn, S. & Van Franeker, J. A. (2020). Quantitative overview of marine debris ingested by marine megafauna. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 151, 110858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110858 google scholar
- Lacerda, A. L. D. F., Rodrigues, L. D. S., Van Sebille, E., Rodrigues, F. L., Ribeiro, L., Secchi, E. R., Kessler, F. & Proietti, M. C. (2019). Plastics in sea surface waters around the Antarctic Peninsula. Scientific Reports, 9(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40311-4 google scholar
- Lahens, L., Strady, E., Kieu-Le, T. C., Dris, R., Boukerma, K., Rinnert, E., Gasperi, J., & Tassin, B. (2018). Macroplastic and microplastic contamination assessment of a tropical River (Saigon River, Vietnam) transversed by a developing megacity. Environmental Pollution, 236: 661-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.005 google scholar
- LaPlaca, S. B. & Van den Hurk, P. (2020). Toxicological effects of micronized tire crumb rubber on mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Ecotoxicology, 29(5): 524534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02210-7 google scholar
- Law, K. L. & Thompson, R. C. (2014). Microplastics in the seas. Science, 345(6193): 144-145. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1254065 google scholar
- LeMoine, C. M., Kelleher, B. M., Lagarde, R., Northam, C., Elebute, O. O. & Cassone, B. J. (2018). Transcriptional effects of polyethylene microplastics ingestion in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environmental Pollution, 243: 591-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envpol.2018.08.084 google scholar
- Leslie, H. A. (2014). Review of microplastics in cosmetics. IVM Institute for Environmental Studies, 476: 1-33. google scholar
- Leslie, H. A., Brandsma, S. H., Van Velzen, M. J. M. & Vethaak, A. D. (2017). Microplastics en route: Field measurements in the Dutch River delta and Amsterdam canals, wastewater treatment plants, North Sea sediments and biota. Environment International, 101: 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.018 google scholar
- Li, S., Wang, P., Zhang, C., Zhou, X., Yin, Z., Hu, T., Liu, C. & Zhu, L. (2020). Influence of polystyrene microplastics on the growth, photosynthetic efficiency and aggregation of freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Science of the Total Environment, 714: 136767. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136767 google scholar
- Liang, Y., Yang, X., Wang, Y., Liu, R., Gu, H. & Mao, L. (2021). Influence of polystyrene microplastics on rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus) growth, reproduction, and antioxidant responses. Aquatic Ecology, 55(3): 1097-1111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-021-09885-y google scholar
- Liboiron, M., Zahara, A., Hawkins, K., Crespo, C., de Moura Neves, B., Wareham-Hayes, V., Edinger, E., Muise, C., Walzak, M. J., Sarazen, R., Chidley, J., Carley, M., Watwood, L., Arif, H., Earles, E., Liz, P., Shirley, J., Jacobs, J., McCarney, P. & Charron, L. (2021). Abundance and types of plastic pollution in surface waters in the Eastern Arctic (Inuit Nunangat) and the case for reconciliation science. Science of the Total Environment, 782: 146809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146809 google scholar
- Lin, L., Zuo, L. Z., Peng, J. P., Cai, L. Q., Fok, L., Yan, Y., Li, H. & Xu, X. R. (2018). Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in an urban River: a case study in the Pearl River along Guangzhou City, China. Science of the Total Environment, 644: 375-381. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.327 google scholar
- Liu, M., Lu, S., Song, Y., Lei, L., Hu, J., Lv, W., Zhou, W., Cao, C., Shi, H. & He, D. (2018). Microplastic and mesoplastic pollution in farmland soils in suburbs of Shanghai, China. Environmental Pollution, 242: 855-862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.327 google scholar
- Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, H., Cai, J., Sultan, Y., Fang, H., Zhang, B. & Ma, J. (2022). Effects of polyvinyl chloride microplastics on reproduction, oxidative stress and reproduction and detoxification-related genes in Daphnia magna. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology, 254: 109269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cbpc.2022.109269 google scholar
- Liu, Z., Yu, P., Cai, M., Wu, D., Zhang, M., Chen, M. & Zhao, Y. (2019). Effects of microplastics on the innate immunity and intestinal microflora of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis. Science of the Total Environment, 685: 836-846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.265 google scholar
- Lo, H. S., Xu, X., Wong, C. Y. & Cheung, S. G. (2018). Comparisons of microplastic pollution between mudflats and sandy beaches in Hong Kong. Environmental Pollution, 236: 208-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.031 google scholar
- Lorenz, C., Roscher, L., Meyer, M. S., Hildebrandt, L., Prume, J., Loder, M. G., Primpke, S. & Gerdts, G. (2019). Spatial distribution of microplastics in sediments and surface waters of the southern North Sea. Environmental Pollution, 252: 1719-1729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envpol.2019.06.093 google scholar
- Lusher, A. L., O’Donnell, C., Officer, R. & O’Connor, I. (2016). Microplastic interactions with North Atlantic mesopelagic fish. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73(4): 1214-1225. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/ fsv241 google scholar
- Lusher, A. L., Tirelli, V., O’Connor, I. & Officer, R. (2015). Microplastics in Arctic polar waters: the first reported values of particles in surface and sub-surface samples. Scientific Reports, 5(1): 1-9. https://doi. org/10.1038/srep14947 google scholar
- Magni, S., Gagné, F., André, C., Della Torre, C., Auclair, J., Hanana, H., Parenti, C. C., Bonasoro, F. & Binelli, A. (2018). Evaluation of uptake and chronic toxicity of virgin polystyrene microbeads in freshwater zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Science of the Total Environment, 631: 778-788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scitotenv.2018.03.075 google scholar
- Malinich, T. D., Chou, N., Sepulveda, M. S. & Hook, T O. (2018). No evidence of microplastic impacts on consumption or growth of larval Pimephales promelas. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 37(11): 2912-2918. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4257 google scholar
- Mani, T., Blarer, P., Storck, F. R., Pittroff, M., Wernicke, T. & Burkhardt-Holm, P. (2019). Repeated detection of polystyrene microbeads in the lower Rhine River. Environmental Pollution, 245: 634-641. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.036 google scholar
- McDermid, K. J. & McMullen, T. L. (2004). Quantitative analysis of smallplastic debris on beaches in the Hawaiian archipelago. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48(7-8): 790-794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.10.017 google scholar
- Meng, Y., Kelly, F. J. & Wright, S. L. 2020. Advances and challenges of microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems: A UK perspective. Environmental Pollution, 256, 113445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envpol.2019.113445 google scholar
- Miller, R. Z., Watts, A. J., Winslow, B. O., Galloway, T. S. & Barrows, A. P. (2017). Mountains to the sea: River study of plastic and non-plastic microfiber pollution in the northeast USA. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 124(1): 245-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.028 google scholar
- Miloloza, M., Bule, K., Ukic, S., Cvetnic, M., Bolanca, T., Kusic, H., Bulatovic, V O. & Grgic, D. K. (2021). Ecotoxicological determination of microplastic toxicity on algae Chlorella sp.: response surface modeling approach. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 232(8): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05267-0 google scholar
- Mintenig, S. M., Kooi, M., Erich, M. W., Primpke, S., Redondo-Hasselerharm, P. E., Dekker, S. C., Koelmans, A. A. & Van Wezel, A. P. (2020). A systems approach to understand microplastic occurrence and variability in Dutch Riverine surface waters. Water Research, 176: 115723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.115723 google scholar
- Miranda, T., Vieira, L. R. & Guilhermino, L. (2019). Neurotoxicity, behavior, and lethal effects of cadmium, microplastics, and their mixtures on Pomatoschistus microps juandniles from two wild populations exposed under laboratory conditions- implications to environmental and human risk assessment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(16): 2857. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162857 google scholar
- Mu, J. Qu, L., Jin, F., Zhang S., Fang C., Ma X., Zhang W., Hou C., Cong Y. & Wang J. (2018). Abundance and distribution of microplastics in the surface sediments from the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas. Environmental Pollution, 245: 122-130. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.097 google scholar
- Munari, C., Infantini, V., Scoponi, M., Rastelli, E., Corinaldesi, C. & Mistri, M. (2017). Microplastics in the sediments of Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 122(1-2): 161-165. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.039 google scholar
- Murphy, F. & Quinn, B. (2018). The effects of microplastic on freshwater Hydra attenuata feeding, morphology and reproduction. Environmental Pollution, 234: 487-494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envpol.2017.11.029 google scholar
- Murphy, F., Ewins, C., Carbonnier, F. & Quinn, B. (2016). Wastewater treatment works (WwTW) as a source of microplastics in the aquatic environment. Environmental Science and Technology, 50(11): 58005808. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05416 google scholar
- Nabizadeh, R., Sajadi, M., Rastkari, N. & Yaghmaeian, K. (2019). Microplastic pollution on the Persian Gulf shoreline: A case study of Bandar Abbas city, Hormozgan Province, Iran. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 145: 536-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.048 google scholar
- Naidoo, T., Smit, A. J. & Glassom, D. (2016). Plastic ingestion by estuarine mullet Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae) in an urban harbour, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 38(1): 145-149. https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2016.1159616 google scholar
- Naidoo, T. & Glassom, D. (2019). Decreased growth and survival in small juvenile fish, after chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastic. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 145: 254259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.037 google scholar
- Naji, A., Esmaili, Z. & Khan, F. R. (2017). Plastic debris and microplastics along the beaches of the Strait of Hormuz, Persian Gulf. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 114(2): 1057-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. marpolbul.2016.11.032 google scholar
- Nelms, S. E., Galloway, T. S., Godley, B. J., Jarvis, D. S. & Lindeque, P. K. (2018). Investigating microplastic trophic transfer in marine top predators. Environmental Pollution, 238: 999-1007. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.016 google scholar
- Nizzetto, L., Futter, M. & Langaas, S. (2016). Are agricultural soils dumps for microplastics of urban origin? Environmental Science and Technology, 10777-10779 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04140 google scholar
- Obbard, R. W., Sadri, S., Wong, Y. Q., Khitun, A. A., Baker, I. & Thompson, R. C. (2014). Global warming releases microplastic legacy frozen in Arctic Sea ice. Earth’s Future, 2(6): 315-320. https://doi. org/10.1002/2014EF000240 google scholar
- O’Donovan, S., Mestre, N. C., Abel, S., Fonseca, T. G., Carteny, C. C., Cormier, B., Keiter, S. H. & Bebianno, M. J. (2018). Ecotoxicological effects of chemical contaminants adsorbed to microplastics in the clam Scrobicularia plana. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5: 143. https:// doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00143 google scholar
- Olesen, K. B., Stephansen, D. A., Van Alst, N. & Vollertsen, J. (2019). Microplastics in a stormwater pond. Water, 11(7): 1466. https://doi. org/10.3390/w11071466 google scholar
- Oliveira, P., Barboza, L. G. A., Branco, V., Figueiredo, N., Carvalho, C. & Guilhermino, L. (2018). Effects of microplastics and mercury in the freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774): filtration rate, biochemical biomarkers and mercury bioconcentration. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 164: 155-163. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.062 google scholar
- Özkor, B. (2022). Kızılırmak nehri sularında mikroplastik kirliliğinin araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Nevşehir, 90 s google scholar
- Pan, Z., Guo, H., Chen, H., Wang, S., Sun, X., Zou, Q., Zhang, Y., Lin, H., Cai, S. & Huang, J. (2019). Microplastics in the Northwestern Pacific: google scholar
- Abundance, distribution, and characteristics. Science of the Total Environment, 650: 1913-1922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.244 google scholar
- Paul-Pont, I., Lacroix, C., Fernández, C. G., Hégaret, H., Lambert, C., Le Goíc, N., Frere, L., Cassone, A. L., Sussarellu, R., Fabioux, C., Guyamarch, J., Albentosa, M., Huvet A. & Soudant, P. (2016). Exposure of marine mussels Mytilus spp. to polystyrene microplastics: toxicity and influence on fluoranthene bioaccumulation. Environmental Pollution, 216: 724-737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envpol.2016.06.039 google scholar
- Peda, C., Caccamo, L., Fossi, M. C., Gai, F., Andaloro, F., Genovese, L., Perdichizzi, A., Romeo, T. & Maricchiolo, G. (2016). Intestinal alterations in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L., 1758) exposed to microplastics: preliminary results. Environmental Pollution, 212: 251-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.083 google scholar
- Pedersen, A. F., Gopalakrishnan, K., Boegehold, A. G., Peraino, N. J., Westrick, J. A. & Kashian, D. R. (2020). Microplastic ingestion by quagga mussels, Dreissena bugensis, and its effects on physiological processes. Environmental Pollution, 260: 113964. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113964 google scholar
- Peeken, I., Primpke, S., Beyer, B., Gütermann, J., Katlein, C., Krumpen, T., Bergmann, M., Hehemann, L. & Gerdts, G. (2018). Arctic sea ice is an important temporal sink and means of transport for microplastic. Nature Communications, 9(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03825-5 google scholar
- Peng, G., Xu, P., Zhu, B., Bai, M. & Li, D. (2018a). Microplastics in freshwater River sediments in Shanghai, China: a case study of risk assessment in mega-cities. Environmental Pollution, 234: 448-456. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.034 google scholar
- Peng, X., Chen, M., Chen, S., Dasgupta, S., Xu, H., Ta, K., Du, M., Li, J., Guo, Z. & Bai, S. (2018b). Microplastics contaminate the deepest part of the world’s ocean. Geochemical Perspectives Letters, 9(1): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.7185/geochemlet.1829 google scholar
- Piccardo, M., Provenza, F., Grazioli, E., Cavallo, A., Terlizzi, A. & Renzi, M. (2020). PET microplastics toxicity on marine key species is influenced by pH, particle size and food variations. Science of the Total Environment, 715: 136947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136947 google scholar
- Piehl, S., Mitterwallner, V., Atwood, E. C., Bochow, M. & Laforsch, C. (2019). Abundance and distribution of large microplastics (1-5 mm) within beach sediments at the Po River Delta, northeast Italy. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 149: 110515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110515 google scholar
- PlasticsEurope, 2016. Plastics—The Facts 2016. An Analysis of European Plastics Production, Demand and Waste Data. URL: https:// plasticseurope.org/knowledge-hub/plastics-the-facts-2016/ (Accessed: 24th May 2020) google scholar
- PlasticsEurope, 2018. Plastics - the Facts 2018: An Analysis of European Plastics Production, Demand and Waste Data. URL: https:// plasticseurope.org/knowledge-hub/plastics-the-facts-2018/ (Accessed: 24th May 2020) google scholar
- PlasticsEurope, 2019. Plastics—The Facts 2019. An Analysis of European Plastics Production, Demand and Waste Data. URL: https:// plasticseurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2019-Plastics-the-facts.pdf (Accessed: 18th June 2020) google scholar
- Pojar, I., Stänicä, A., Stock, F., Kochleus, C., Schultz, M. & Bradley, C. (2021). Sedimentary microplastic concentrations from the Romanian Danube River to the Black Sea. Scientific Reports, 11(1): 1-9. https:// doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81724-4 google scholar
- Prata, J. C. & nancio, C., Girao, A. V, da Costa, J. P., Lopes, I., Duarte, A. C. & Rocha-Santos, T. (2022). Effects of virgin and weathered polystyrene and polypropylene microplastics on Raphidocelis subcapitata and embryos of Danio rerio under environmental concentrations. Science of the Total Environment, 816: 151642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151642 google scholar
- Qiang, L. & Cheng, J. (2019). Exposure to microplastics decreases swimming competence in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 176: 226-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ecoenv.2019.03.088 google scholar
- Qiang, L. & Cheng, J. (2021). Exposure to polystyrene microplastics impairs gonads of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Chemosphere, 263: 128161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128161 google scholar
- Qiang, L., Lo, L. S. H., Gao, Y. & Cheng, J. (2020). Parental exposure to polystyrene microplastics at environmentally relevant concentrations has negligible transgenerational effects on zebrafish (Danio rerio). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 206: 111382. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111382 google scholar
- Rangasamy, B., Malafaia, G. & Maheswaran, R. (2022). Evaluation of antioxidant response and Na+-K+-ATPase activity in zebrafish exposed to polyethylene microplastics: shedding light on a physiological adaptation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 426: 127789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127789 google scholar
- Rao, Z., Niu, S., Zhan, N., Wang, X. & Song, X. (2020). Microplastics in sediments of River Yongfeng from Maanshan city, Anhui Province, China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 104(2): 166-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-019-02771-2 google scholar
- Redondo-Hasselerharm, P. E., Falahudin, D., Peeters, E. T. & Koelmans, A. A. (2018). Microplastic effect thresholds for freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates. Environmental Science and Technology, 52(4): 2278-2286. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b05367 google scholar
- Reed, S., Clark, M., Thompson, R. & Hughes, K. A. (2018). Microplastics in marine sediments near Rothera research station, Antarctica. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 133: 460-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.068 google scholar
- Ribeiro, F., Garcia, A. R., Pereira, B. P., Fonseca, M., Mestre, N. C., Fonseca, T. G., Ilharno, L. M. & Bebianno, M. J. (2017). Microplastics effects in Scrobicularia plana. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 122(1-2), 379391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.078 google scholar
- Rios-Fuster, B., Arechavala-Lopez, P., García-Marcos, K., Alomar, C., Compa, M., Álvarez, E., Julia, M. M., Marti, A. S., Sureda, A. & Deudero, S. (2021). Experimental evidence of physiological and behavioral effects of microplastic ingestion in Sparus aurata. Aquatic Toxicology, 231: 105737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105737 google scholar
- Rocha-Santos, T. & Duarte, A. C. (2015). A critical overview of the analytical approaches to the occurrence, the fate and the behavior of microplastics in the environment. TrAC Trends in analytical chemistry, 65: 47-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2014.10.011 google scholar
- Rochman, C. M. (2018). Microplastics research-from sink to source. Science, 360(6384): 28-29. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar7734 google scholar
- Rochman, C. M., Tahir, A., Williams, S. L., Baxa, D. V., Lam, R., Miller, J. T., Teh, F. C., Werorilangi, S. & Teh, S. J. (2015). Anthropogenic debris in seafood: Plastic debris and fibers from textiles in fish and bivalves sold for human consumption. Scientific Reports, 5(1): 1-10. https:// doi.org/10.1038/srep14340 google scholar
- Roda, J. F. B., Lauer, M. M., Risso, W. E. & dos Reis Martinez, C. B. (2020). Microplastics and copper effects on the neotropical teleost Prochilodus lineatus: Is there any interaction? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 242: 110659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110659 google scholar
- Rodrigues, M. O., Abrantes, N., Gonçalves, F. J. M., Nogueira, H., Marques, J. C. & Gonçalves, A. M. M. (2018). Spatial and temporal distribution of microplastics in water and sediments of a freshwater system (Antuâ River, Portugal). Science of the Total Environment, 633: 1549-1559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.233 google scholar
- Rodríguez-Torres, R., Almeda, R., Kristiansen, M., Rist, S., Winding, M. S. & Nielsen, T. G. (2020). Ingestion and impact of microplastics on arctic Calanus copepods. Aquatic Toxicology, 228: 105631. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105631 google scholar
- Romano, N., Ashikin, M., Teh, J. C., Syukri, F. & Karami, A. (2018). Effects of pristine polyvinyl chloride fragments on whole body histology and protease activity in silver barb Barbodes gonionotus fry. Environmental Pollution, 237: 1106-1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.040 google scholar
- Romero-Blanco, A., Remon-Elola, A. & Alonso, Â. (2021). Assessment of the effects of environmental concentrations of microplastics on the aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 232(10): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05379-7 google scholar
- Rose, D. & Webber, M. (2019). Characterization of microplastics in the surface waters of Kingston Harbour. Science of the Total Environment, 664: 753-760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.319 google scholar
- Saliu, F., Montano, S., Garavaglia, M. G., Lasagni, M., Seveso, D. & Galli, P. (2018). Microplastic and charred microplastic in the Faafu Atoll, Maldives. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 136: 464-471. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.023 google scholar
- Sanchez-Fortun, A., Fajardo, C., Martin, C., D’ors, A., Nande, M., Mengs, G., Costa, G., Martin, M. & Sanchez-Fortun, S. (2021). Effects of polyethylene-type microplastics on the growth and primary production of the freshwater phytoplankton species Scenedesmus armatus and Microcystis aeruginosa. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 188: 104510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enandxpbot.2021.104510 google scholar
- Santos, D., Félix, L., Luzio, A., Parra, S., Bellas, J. & Monteiro, S. M. (2021). Single and combined acute and subchronic toxic effects of microplastics and copper in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages. Chemosphere, 277: 130262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130262 google scholar
- Santos, D., Perez, M., Perez, E., Cabecinha, E., Luzio, A., Félix, L., Monterio, S. M. & Bellas, J. (2022). Toxicity of microplastics and copper, alone or combined, in blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraando) larvae. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 91: 103835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2022.103835 google scholar
- Schessl, M., Johns, C. & Ashpole, S. L. (2019). Microbeads in Sediment, Dreissenid Mussels, and Anurans in the Littoral Zone of the Upper St. Lawrence River, New York. Pollution, 5(1): 41-52. https://doi. org/10.22059/poll.2018.257596.468 google scholar
- Schmidt, L. K., Bochow, M., Imhof, H. K. & Oswald, S. E. (2018). Multitemporal surveys for microplastic particles enabled by a novel and fast application of SWIR imaging spectroscopy-Study of an urban watercourse traversing the city of Berlin, Germany. Environmental Pollution, 239: 579-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.097 google scholar
- Schymanski, D., Goldbeck, C., Humpf, H. U. & Fürst, P. (2018). Analysis of microplastics in water by micro-raman spectroscopy: release of plastic particles from different packaging into mineral water. Water Research, 129: 154-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.011 google scholar
- Sekudewicz, I., Dabrowska, A. M. & Syczewski, M. D. (2021). Microplastic pollution in surface water and sediments in the urban section of the Vistula River (Poland). Science of the Total Environment, 762: 143111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143111 google scholar
- Sembiring, E., Fareza, A. A., Suendo, V. & Reza, M. (2020). The Presence of microplastics in water, sediment, and milkfish (Chanos chanos) at the downstream area of Citarum River, Indonesia. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 231(7), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04710-y google scholar
- Setala, O., Fleming-Lehtinen, V & Lehtiniemi, M. (2014). Ingestion and transfer of microplastics in the planktonic food web. Environmental Pollution, 185: 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.013 google scholar
- Setyorini, L., Michler-Kozma, D., Sures, B. & Gabel, F. (2021). Transfer and effects of PET microfibers in Chironomus riparius. Science of the Total Environment, 757: 143735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143735 google scholar
- Shashoua, Y. (2012). Conservation of plastics. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780080878782 https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080878782 google scholar
- Sighicelli, M., Pietrelli, L., Lecce, F., Iannilli, V., Falconieri, M., Coscia, L., Di Vito, S., Nuglio, S. & Zampetti, G. (2018). Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of Italian Subalpine Lakes. Environmental Pollution, 236: 645-651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.008 google scholar
- Silva, C. J., Silva, A. L. P., Campos, D., Soares, A. M., Pestana, J. L. & Gravato, C. (2021). Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaeta) exposed to polyethylene microplastics: biochemical, physiological and reproductive responses. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 207: 111375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111375 google scholar
- Sruthy, S. & Ramasamy, E. V. (2017). Microplastic pollution in Vembanad Lake, Kerala, India: the first report of microplastics in lake and estuarine sediments in India. Environmental Pollution, 222: 315-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.038 google scholar
- Stockin, K. A., Pantos, O., Betty, E. L., Pawley, M. D., Doake, F., Masterton, H., Palmer, E. I., Perrott, M. R., Nelms, S. E. & Machovsky-Capuska, G. E. (2021). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis identifies microplastics in stranded common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) from New Zealand waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 173: 113084. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113084 google scholar
- Sun, L., Sun, S., Bai, M., Wang, Z., Zhao, Y., Huang, Q., Hu, C. & Li, X. (2021). Internalization of polystyrene microplastics in Euglena gracilis and its effects on the protozoan photosynthesis and motility. Aquatic Toxicology, 236: 105840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105840 google scholar
- Sun, X., Chen, B., Li, Q., Liu, N., Xia, B., Zhu, L. & Qu, K. (2018). Toxicities of polystyrene nano-and microplastics toward marine bacterium Halomonas alkaliphila. Science of the Total Environment, 642: 13781385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.141 google scholar
- Sundt, P., Schulze, P. E. & Syversen, F. (2014). Sources of microplasticpollution to the marine environment. Mepex for the Norwegian Environment Agency, 86: 20. google scholar
- Sussarellu, R., Suquet, M., Thomas, Y., Lambert, C., Fabioux, C., Pernet, M. E. J., Goin, N. L., Quill,en, V., Mingant, C., Epelboin, Y., Corporeau, C., Guyomarch, J., Rubbens, J., Pont, I., Soudant, P. & Huvet, A. (2016). Oyster reproduction is affected by exposure to polystyrene microplastics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(9), 2430-2435. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519019113 google scholar
- Şahutoğlu, S. M. (2022). Asi Nehri yüzey sularında mikroplastik kirliliğinin belirlenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İskenderun Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü/Su Ürünleri Ana Bilim Dalı, 62 s. google scholar
- Şener, M., Doğruyol, P. & Balkaya, N. (2019). Microplastic pollution in the Black Sea Coast of the Anatolian side of Istanbul, Turkey. Desalin Water Treat, 172: 351-358. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.25111. google scholar
- Şentürk, Y., Esensoy, F. B., Öztekin, A. & Aytan, Ü. (2020). Microplastics in bivalves in the southern Black Sea. Marine Litter in the Black Sea, Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV) Publication. Istanbul, Turkey. 303-313 s. google scholar
- Taha, Z. D., Amin, R. M., Anuar, S. T., Nasser, A. A. A. & Sohaimi, E. S. (2021). Microplastics in seawater and zooplankton: a case study from Terengganu estuary and offshore waters, Malaysia. Science of The Total Environment, 786: 147466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147466 google scholar
- Tanaka, K. & Takada, H. (2016). Microplastic fragments and microbeads in digestive tracts of planktivorous fish from urban coastal waters. Scientific Reports, 6(1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34351 google scholar
- Tang, J., Wang, X., Yin, J., Han, Y., Yang, J., Lu, X., Xie, T., Akbar, S., Lyu, K. & Yang, Z. (2019). Molecular characterization of thioredoxin reductase in waterflea Daphnia magna and its expression regulation by polystyrene microplastics. Aquatic Toxicology, 208: 90-97. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.001 google scholar
- Teng, J., Zhao, J., Zhu, X., Shan, E., Zhang, C., Zhang, W. & Wang, Q. (2021). Toxic effects of exposure to microplastics with environmentally relevant shapes and concentrations: Accumulation, energy metabolism and tissue damage in oyster Crassostrea gigas. Environmental Pollution, 269: 116169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envpol.2020.116169 google scholar
- Terzi, Y., Gedik, K., Eryaşar, A. R., Öztürk, R. Ç., Şahin, A. & Yılmaz, F. (2022). Microplastic contamination and characteristics spatially vary in the southern Black Sea beach sediment and sea surface water. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 174: 113228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. marpolbul.2021.113228 google scholar
- Thompson, R. C., Olsen, Y., Mitchell, R. P., Davis, A., Rowland, S. J., John, A. W., Mcgonigle, D. & Russell, A. E. (2004). Lost at sea: where is all the plastic? Science, 304(5672): 838-838. https://doi.org/10.1126/ science.1094559 google scholar
- Tibbetts, J., Krause, S., Lynch, I. & Sambrook Smith, G. H. (2018). Abundance, distribution, and Rivers of microplastic contamination in urban River environments. Water, 10(11): 1597. https://doi. org/10.3390/w10111597 google scholar
- Tien, C. J., Wang, Z. X. & Chen, C. S. (2020). Microplastics in water, sediment and fish from the Fengshan River system: Relationship to aquatic factors and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by fish. Environmental Pollution, 265: 114962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114962 google scholar
- Tosic, T. N., Vruggink, M. & Vesman, A. (2020). Microplastics quantification in surface waters of the Barents, Kara and White Seas. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 161: 111745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111745 google scholar
- Toumi, H., Abidli, S. & Bejaoui, M. (2019). Microplastics in freshwater environment: the first evaluation in sediments from seven water streams surrounding the lagoon of Bizerte (Northern Tunisia). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(14): 14673-14682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04695-0 google scholar
- Trestrail, C., Walpitagama, M., Miranda, A., Nugegoda, D. & Shimeta, J. (2021). Microplastics alter digestive enzyme activities in the marine bivalve, Mytilus galloprovincialis. Science of the Total Environment, 779: 146418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146418 google scholar
- Tunçer, S., Artüz, O. B., Demirkol, M. & Artüz, M. L. (2018). First report of occurrence, distribution, and composition of microplastics in surface waters of the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 135: 283-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.054 google scholar
- Turra, A., Manzano, A. B., Dias, R. J. S., Mahiques, M. M., Barbosa, L., Balthazar-Silva, D. & Moreira, F. T. (2014). Three-dimensional distribution of plastic pellets in sandy beaches: shifting paradigms. Scientific Reports, 4(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04435 google scholar
- Umamaheswari, S., Priyadarshinee, S., Bhattacharjee, M., Kadirvelu, K. & Ramesh, M. (2021). Exposure to polystyrene microplastics induced gene modulated biological responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Chemosphere, 281: 128592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128592 google scholar
- Uurasjärvi, E., Hartikainen, S., Setälä, O., Lehtiniemi, M. & Koistinen, A. (2020). Microplastic concentrations, size distribution, and polymer types in the surface waters of a northern European lake. Water Environment Research, 92(1): 149-156. https://doi.org/10.1002/ wer.1229 google scholar
- Van Cauwenberghe, L., Devriese, L., Galgani, F., Robbens, J. & Janssen, C. R. (2015). Microplastics in sediments: a review of techniques, occurrence and effects. Marine Environmental Research, 111: 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.06.007 google scholar
- Van der Hal, N., Ariel, A. & Angel, D. L. (2017). Exceptionally high abundances of microplastics in the oligotrophic Israeli Mediterranean coastal waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 116(1-2): 151-155. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.052 google scholar
- Veneman, W. J., Spaink, H. P., Brun, N. R., Bosker, T. & Vijver, M. G. (2017). Pathway analysis of systemic transcriptome responses to injected polystyrene particles in zebrafish larvae. Aquatic Toxicology, 190: 112-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.06.014 google scholar
- Wagner, S., Hüffer, T., Klöckner, P., Wehrhahn, M., Hofmann, T. & Reemtsma, T. (2018). Tire wear particles in the aquatic environment-a review on generation, analysis, occurrence, fate and effects. Water Research, 139: 83-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.051 google scholar
- Wan, Z., Wang, C., Zhou, J., Shen, M., Wang, X., Fu, Z. & Jin, Y. (2019). Effects of polystyrene microplastics on the composition of the microbiome and metabolism in larval zebrafish. Chemosphere, 217: 646-658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.070 google scholar
- Wang, F., Wu, H., Wu, W., Wang, L., Liu, J., An, L. & Xu, Q. (2021). Microplastic characteristics in organisms of different trophic levels from Liaohe Estuary, China. Science of the Total Environment, 789: 148027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148027 google scholar
- Wang, G., Lu, J., Tong, Y., Liu, Z., Zhou, H. & Xiayihazi, N. (2020a). Occurrence and pollution characteristics of microplastics in surface water of the Manas River Basin, China. Science of the Total Environment, 710: 136099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136099 google scholar
- Wang, J., Li, X., Gao, M., Li, X., Zhao, L. & Ru, S. (2022). Polystyrene microplastics increase estrogenic effects of 17a-ethynylestradiol on male marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). Chemosphere, 287: 132312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132312 google scholar
- Wang, Q., Wangjin, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, N., Wang, Y., Meng, G. & Chen, Y. (2020b). The toxicity of virgin and UV-aged PVC microplastics on the growth of freshwater algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Science of the Total Environment, 749: 141603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scitotenv.2020.141603 google scholar
- Wang, W., Yuan, W., Chen, Y. & Wang, J. (2018). Microplastics in surface waters of dongting lake and hong lake, China. Science of the Total Environment, 633: 539-545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.211 google scholar
- Wang, Y., Mao, Z., Zhang, M., Ding, G., Sun, J., Du, M., Liu Q., Cong, Y., Jin, F., Zhang, W. & Wang, J. (2019). The uptake and elimination of polystyrene microplastics by the brine shrimp, Artemia parthenogenetica, and its impact on its feeding behavior and intestinal histology. Chemosphere, 234: 123-131. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.267 google scholar
- Wardlaw, C. & Prosser, R. S. (2020). Investigation of microplastics in freshwater mussels (Lasmigona costata) from the Grand River Watershed in Ontario, Canada. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 231(8): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04741-5 google scholar
- Weber, A., Jeckel, N. & Wagner, M. (2020). Combined effects of polystyrene microplastics and thermal stress on the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha. Science of the Total Environment, 718: 137253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137253 google scholar
- Weber, A., Jeckel, N., Weil, C., Umbach, S., Brennholt, N., Reifferscheid, G. & Wagner, M. (2021a). Ingestion and toxicity of polystyrene microplastics in freshwater bivalves. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 40(8): 2247-2260. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5076 google scholar
- Weber, A., Scherer, C., Brennholt, N., Reifferscheid, G. & Wagner, M. (2018). PET microplastics do not negatively affect the survival, development, metabolism and feeding activity of the freshwater invertebrate Gammarus pulex. Environmental Pollution, 234: 181189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.014 google scholar
- Weber, A., von Randow, M., Voigt, A. L., von der Au, M., Fischer, E., Meermann, B. & Wagner, M. (2021b). Ingestion and toxicity of microplastics in the freshwater gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis: No microplastic-induced effects alone or in combination with copper. Chemosphere, 263: 128040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128040 google scholar
- Welden, N. A. & Cowie, P. R. (2016). Environment and gut morphology influence microplastic retention in langoustine, Nephrops norvegicus. Environmental Pollution, 214: 859-865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envpol.2016.08.020 google scholar
- Wen, B., Zhang, N., Jin, S. R., Chen, Z. Z., Gao, J. Z., Liu, Y., Liu, H. & Xu, Z. (2018). Microplastics have a more profound impact than elevated temperatures on the predatory performance, digestion and energy metabolism of an Amazonian cichlid. Aquatic Toxicology, 195: 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.12.010 google scholar
- Wilcox, C., Hardesty, B. D. & Law, K. L. (2019). Abundance of floating plastic particles is increasing in the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Environmental Science and Technology, 54(2): 790-796. https://doi. org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04812 google scholar
- Winkler, A., Nessi, A., Antonioli, D., Laus, M., Santo, N., Parolini, M. & Tremolada, P. (2020). Occurrence of microplastics in pellets from the common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) along the Ticino River, North Italy. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(33): 41731-41739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10163-x google scholar
- Woodall, L. C., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Canals, M., Paterson, G. L., Coppock, R., Sleight, V., Calafat, A., Rogers, A., Narayanaswamy, B. E. & Thompson, R. C. (2014). The deep sea is a major sink for microplastic debris. Royal Society Open Science, 1(4): 140317. https://doi. org/10.1098/rsos.140317 google scholar
- Wright, S. L. & Kelly, F. J. (2017). Plastic and human health: a micro issue? Environmental Science and Technology, 51(12): 6634-6647. https:// doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00423 google scholar
- Wright, S. L., Thompson, R. C. & Galloway, T. S. (2013). The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: a review. Environmental Pollution, 178: 483-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.031 google scholar
- Wu, Y., Guo, P., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Xie, S. & Deng, J. (2019). Effect of microplastics exposure on the photosynthesis system of freshwater algae. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 374: 219-227. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.039 google scholar
- Xia, B., Sui, Q., Du, Y., Wang, L., Jing, J., Zhu, L.,Zhao, X., Sun, X., Booth, M. A, Chen, B., Qu, K. & Xing, B. (2022). Secondary PVC microplastics are more toxic than primary PVC microplastics to Oryzias melastigma embryos. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 424 127421. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127421 google scholar
- X ia, X., Sun, M., Zhou, M., Chang, Z. & Li, L. (2020). Polyvinyl chloride microplastics induce growth inhibition and oxidative stress in Cyprinus carpio larvae. Science of the Total Environment, 716: 136479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136479 google scholar
- X iao, Y., Jiang, X., Liao, Y., Zhao, W., Zhao, P. & Li, M. (2020). Adverse physiological and molecular level effects of polystyrene microplastics on freshwater microalgae. Chemosphere, 255: 126914. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126914 google scholar
- X u, Q., Xing, R., Sun, M., Gao, Y. & An, L. (2020). Microplastics in sediments from an interconnected River-estuary region. Science of the Total Environment, 729 139025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139025 google scholar
- X ue, Y. H., Sun, Z. X., Feng, L. S., Jin, T., Xing, J. C. & Wen, X. L. (2021). Algal density affects the influences of polyethylene microplastics on the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. Chemosphere, 270: 128613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128613 google scholar
- Y abanlı, M., Yozukmaz, A., Şener, İ. & Ölmez, Ö. T. (2019). Microplastic pollution at the intersection of the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas: A study of the Datça Peninsula (Turkey). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 145: 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.003 google scholar
- Y ang, H., Xiong, H., Mi, K., Xue, W., Wei, W. & Zhang, Y. (2020). Toxicity comparison of nano-sized and micron-sized microplastics to Goldfish Carassius auratus Larvae. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 388: 122058. google scholar
- Y in, L., Chen, B., Xia, B., Shi, X. & Qu, K. (2018). Polystyrene microplastics alter the behavior, energy reserve and nutritional composition of marine jacopever (Sebastes schlegelii). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 360: 97-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.110 google scholar
- Y ong, C. Q. Y., Valiyaveettil, S. & Tang, B. L. (2020). Toxicity of microplastics and nanoplastics in mammalian systems. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5): 1509. https://doi. org/10.3390/ijerph17051509 google scholar
- Y ozukmaz, A. (2021). Investigation of microplastics in edible wild mussels from Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea, Western Turkey): A risk assessment for the consumers. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 171: 112733. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112733 google scholar
- Y u, P., Liu, Z., Wu, D., Chen, M., Lv, W. & Zhao, Y. (2018). Accumulation of polystyrene microplastics in juvenile Eriocheir sinensis and oxidative stress effects in the liver. Aquatic toxicology, 200: 28-36. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.04.015 google scholar
- Y u, Y., Chen, H., Hua, X., Dang, Y., Han, Y., Yu, Z., Chen X., Ding, P. & Li, H. (2020). Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) toxicity induced oxidative stress and intestinal injury in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Science of the Total Environment, 726: 138679. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138679 google scholar
- Yurtsever M, (2015). Mikroplastikler’e Genel Bir Bakış. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 17(50): 68-83. google scholar
- Zalasiewicz, J., Waters, C. N., Do Sul, J. A. I., Corcoran, P. L., Barnosky, A. D., Cearreta, A., Edgeworth, M., Galuszka, A., Jeveel, C., Leinfelder, R., McNeill, J. R., Steffen, W., Summerhayes, C., Wagreich, M., Williams, M., Wolfe, A. & Yonan, Y. (2016). The geological cycle of plastics and their use as a stratigraphic indicator of the Anthropocene. Anthropocene, 13: 4-17. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ancene.2016.01.002 google scholar
- Zhang, C., Chen, X., Wang, J. & Tan, L. (2017). Toxic effects of microplastic on marine microalgae Skeletonema costatum: interactions between microplastic and algae. Environmental Pollution, 220: 1282-1288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.005 google scholar
- Zhang, L., Xie, Y., Zhong, S., Liu, J., Qin, Y. & Gao, P. (2021a). Microplastics in freshwater and wild fishes from Lijiang River in Guangxi, Southwest China. Science of the Total Environment, 755: 142428. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142428 google scholar
- Zhang, H. (2017). Transport of microplastics in coastal seas. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 199: 74-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ecss.2017.09.032 google scholar
- Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Geng, X. & Jiang, Y. (2021b). Does microplastic ingestion dramatically decrease the biomass of protozoa grazers? A case study on the marine ciliate Uronema marinum. Chemosphere, 267: 129308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129308 google scholar
- Zhao, T., Tan, L., Zhu, X., Huang, W. & Wang, J. (2020). Size-dependent oxidative stress effect of nano/micro-scaled polystyrene on Karenia mikimotoi. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 154: 111074. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111074 google scholar
- Zhao, Y., Qiao, R., Zhang, S. & Wang, G. (2021). Metabolomic profiling reveals the intestinal toxicity of different length of microplastic fibers on zebrafish (Danio rerio). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 403: 123663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123663 google scholar
- Zheng, X., Liu, X., Zhang, L., Wang, Z., Yuan, Y., Li, J., Li, Y., Huang, H., Cao, X. & Fan, Z. (2022). Toxicity mechanism of Nylon microplastics on Microcystis aeruginosa through three pathways: Photosynthesis, oxidative stress and energy metabolism. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 426: 128094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128094 google scholar
- Zhu, L., Wang, H., Chen, B., Sun, X., Qu, K. & Xia, B. (2019). Microplastic ingestion in deep-sea fish from the South China Sea. Science of the Total Environment, 677: 493-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.380 google scholar
- Ziajahromi, S., Kumar, A., Neale, P. A. & Leusch, F. D. (2017). Impact of microplastic beads and fibers on waterflea (Ceriodaphnia dubia) survival, growth, and reproduction: implications of single and mixture exposures. Environmental Science and Technology, 51(22): 1339713406. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03574 google scholar
- Ziajahromi, S., Kumar, A., Neale, P. A. & Leusch, F. D. (2018). Environmentally relevant concentrations of polyethylene microplastics negatively impact the survival, growth and emergence of sediment-dwelling invertebrates. Environmental Pollution, 236: 425-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.094 google scholar
- Zilifli, A. & Tunçer, S. (2021). Dalyan-İztuzu (Doğu Akdeniz) Sahilinde Mikroplastik Kirliliğinin Araştırılması. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Journal of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, 4(2): 107-115. https://doi.org/10.46384/jmsf.975017 google scholar
Citations
Copy and paste a formatted citation or use one of the options to export in your chosen format
EXPORT
APA
Sazlı, D., Nassouhi, D., Ergönül, M.B., & Atasağun, S. (2023). A Comprehensive Review on Microplastic Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems and Their Effects on Aquatic Biota. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 38(1), 12-46. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20221186783
AMA
Sazlı D, Nassouhi D, Ergönül M B, Atasağun S. A Comprehensive Review on Microplastic Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems and Their Effects on Aquatic Biota. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering. 2023;38(1):12-46. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20221186783
ABNT
Sazlı, D.; Nassouhi, D.; Ergönül, M.B.; Atasağun, S. A Comprehensive Review on Microplastic Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems and Their Effects on Aquatic Biota. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, [Publisher Location], v. 38, n. 1, p. 12-46, 2023.
Chicago: Author-Date Style
Sazlı, Duygu, and Danial Nassouhi and Mehmet Borga Ergönül and Sibel Atasağun. 2023. “A Comprehensive Review on Microplastic Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems and Their Effects on Aquatic Biota.” Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 38, no. 1: 12-46. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20221186783
Chicago: Humanities Style
Sazlı, Duygu, and Danial Nassouhi and Mehmet Borga Ergönül and Sibel Atasağun. “A Comprehensive Review on Microplastic Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems and Their Effects on Aquatic Biota.” Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 38, no. 1 (Sep. 2024): 12-46. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20221186783
Harvard: Australian Style
Sazlı, D & Nassouhi, D & Ergönül, MB & Atasağun, S 2023, 'A Comprehensive Review on Microplastic Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems and Their Effects on Aquatic Biota', Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 12-46, viewed 9 Sep. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20221186783
Harvard: Author-Date Style
Sazlı, D. and Nassouhi, D. and Ergönül, M.B. and Atasağun, S. (2023) ‘A Comprehensive Review on Microplastic Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems and Their Effects on Aquatic Biota’, Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 38(1), pp. 12-46. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20221186783 (9 Sep. 2024).
MLA
Sazlı, Duygu, and Danial Nassouhi and Mehmet Borga Ergönül and Sibel Atasağun. “A Comprehensive Review on Microplastic Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems and Their Effects on Aquatic Biota.” Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, vol. 38, no. 1, 2023, pp. 12-46. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20221186783
Vancouver
Sazlı D, Nassouhi D, Ergönül MB, Atasağun S. A Comprehensive Review on Microplastic Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems and Their Effects on Aquatic Biota. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering [Internet]. 9 Sep. 2024 [cited 9 Sep. 2024];38(1):12-46. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20221186783 doi: 10.26650/ASE20221186783
ISNAD
Sazlı, Duygu - Nassouhi, Danial - Ergönül, MehmetBorga - Atasağun, Sibel. “A Comprehensive Review on Microplastic Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems and Their Effects on Aquatic Biota”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 38/1 (Sep. 2024): 12-46. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20221186783