Haptic Visuality and a Multi-Sensory Film Experience: On Body and Soul
Ayşe Dilan SalkayaCinema’s ability to convey meaning through image and sound may overshadow other senses, but it is actually an artistic discipline that engages all senses. This theory views film as a type of touchable skin that can be experienced through the eyes. The embodied image gives the audience’s perception and the moviegoing experience a multi-sensory framework. The eyes call the other senses into memory upon viewing an image, and the audience moves their eyes closer to the screen as they watch a film. Laura Marks’ (2020) haptic visuality theory is based on this idea, according to which the audience and the film are two distinct bodies placed opposite one another. In haptic visualization, the eye behaves just like the organ of touch. Haptic vision is the opposite of optical vision, with the body being more involved in the haptic vision process than in optical vision. This study raises the issue of how films also reveal non-visual senses as a multisensory experience area in this reciprocal interaction, whose conceptual framework is formed by Marks’ ideas. Before using the descriptive analysis method to examine Ildikó Enyedi’s film On Body and Soul (Testről és lélekről, 2017), the study assesses the historical multi-sensory film experience and the development of haptic visuality to show its potential. The main theme discussed in the film is the tension between touch and non-touch, with closeups, lighting, and color elements used in the film helping the viewer feel more intimately attached to the skin of the film. The study’s findings suggest that the senses of taste, smell, kinesthesia, sight, and hearing work together in the film to enable an intersensory viewing and that the film also reveals other senses by shattering the hegemony of vision.
Haptik Görsellik ve Çok Duyulu Film Deneyimi: Beden ve Ruh
Ayşe Dilan SalkayaSinemanın görüntü ve sesle anlatabilme özelliği diğer duyuları geri plana itmiştir ancak sinema, tüm duyuları aktive eden bir sanat disiplinidir. Bu yaklaşıma göre film, gözle dokunulabilen bir tür tendir. Bedenselleşen görüntü sayesinde izleyicinin algılaması ve film deneyimi çok duyulu bir yapıya kavuşur. Göz, imgeyi gördükten sonra bellekteki diğer duyuları da çağırır. İzleyici, film izlerken gözüyle filmin tenine yakınlaşır. Laura Marks’ın bu izlekten yola çıkarak ortaya koyduğu “haptik görsellik” kavramına göre film ile izleyici karşılıklı konumlanan iki ayrı bedendir. Haptik görsellikte göz, tıpkı dokunma organı gibi davranır. Haptik görme, optik görmenin tam karşıtıdır ve beden, optik görmede olmadığı kadar görme sürecine dahil olur. Kavramsal çerçevesini Marks’ın fikirlerinin oluşturduğu çalışma, söz konusu karşılıklı etkileşimde filmin çok duyulu bir deneyim alanı olarak izleyici için görsel olmayan duyuları da açığa çıkardığını tartışmaya açmaktadır.Çalışmada önce haptik görselliğin ve duyular yoluyla film deneyiminin tarihsel değerlendirmesi yapılmış, ardından Beden ve Ruh (On Body and Soul [Testről és lélekről], Ildikó Enyedi, 2017) filmi betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenerek haptik görselliğin ve çok duyulu film deneyiminin imkânı ortaya koyulmuştur. Ana meselesi dokunma ve dokunamama arasındaki gerilim olan filmin kendisinin de dokunsal olabileceği, filmde kullanılan yakın plan, ışık ve renk öğeleriyle izleyicinin filmin tenine yakınlaştığı, çalışmada tartışılan izleklerdir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, filmdeki görme ve işitme duyusunun tat alma, koklama ve kinesteziyle birlikte davranarak duyulararası izleme deneyimini mümkün kıldığına, filmin, görmenin hegemonyasını kırarak farklı duyuları da açığa çıkardığına ulaşılmıştır.
Phenomenologists who focus on the bodily aspects of the film experience bring to the fore the method that views the cultural and historical aspects of film as two mutually positioned subjects or objects of view, in contrast to device theory which considers the viewer as the victim of the cinematic apparatus. These phenomenologists contend that art can only be created through experience and that subjective experience is what matters most. The ability of cinema to convey meaning through image and sound has overshadowed other senses, but cinema is an artistic discipline that actually engages all senses. This theory views film as a type of touchable skin that can be experienced through the eyes, with the embodied images giving the audience’s perception and the movie-going experience a multi-sensory framework. The eyes call the other senses into memory after viewing the image, and audiences move their eyes closer to the screen as they watch a film. With respect to the study, haptic visuality refers to a type of perception that alters the viewer’s perspective from one of distance to one of proximity, enabling the viewer to approach the film as if it were skin and to experience close-ups, camera movement, lights, colors, and other cinematic possibilities. When watching a film with this way of seeing, the hegemony of the sense of sight has been proposed as being overthrown with other sensory states including touch, smell, taste, and kinesthesia being activated.
Laura Marks’ (2020) haptic visuality theory is based on this idea, according to which the audience and the film are two distinct bodies placed opposite one another. In haptic visualization, the eyes behave just like the organ of touch. As the opposite of optical vision, haptic vision has the body more involved in the vision process. This study raises the issue of how films also reveal non-visual senses as a multi-sensory experience area in this reciprocal interaction, with this conceptual framework having been formed by Marks’ (2020) ideas. The study first evaluates the development of haptic visuality theory and the historical multi-sensory film experience before analyzing Enyedi’s (2017) film On Body and Soul (Testről és lélekről), which demonstrates the potential for haptic visuality. The conflict between touch and non-touch is the main theme of the film. The study’s themes include close-up shots and the use of light and color elements to bring the viewer closer to the skin of the film, breaking the hegemony of sight and enabling an inter-sensory viewing experience. The study also discusses how the film itself can be considered tactile. Together with the sense of sight, hearing is another fundamental sense that has given rise to cinema. The study addresses the emotion the music used
in the film evokes in terms of the character and the audience during the film analysis; however, hearing could not be detailed because the sound element in the film lags behind other elements. On Body and Soul is a film that demonstrates “how much is under the surface,” in the words of its director Ildikó Enyedi (2017). This work aims to reveal what is hidden under the surface. The study’s analysis of the film On Body and Soul qualifies it as a haptic film because it appeals to the senses of sight, touch, taste, smell, and kinesthesia. However, the film encourages synesthesia through its depictionsof multisensory perception. The music the audience hears, the colors that envelop the environment, the taste of the leaves the deer eat with their mouth movements, and the characters’ inner suffering all help the audience feel cold and heat. The use of closeups and wide-angle shots in the film enhances the viewer’s perception of space. The study’s findings encourage future research on haptic visuality and intersensory experience in cinema and advises that synesthetic and kinesthetic experiences in films that can emphasize the value of auditory elements be given priority in their analyses.