References

• Adams, S., & Klobodu, E. K. M. (2019). Urbanization, Economic Structure, Political Regime, and Income Inequality. Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality of Life Measurement, Springer, 142(3), 971-995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1959-3 google scholar
• Alamanda, A. (2021). The effect of economic growth on income inequality: panel data analysis from fifty countries. Info Artha,5(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.31092/jia.v5i1.1176 google scholar
• Albulescu, C. T., Tiwari, A. K., Yoon, S., M., & Kang, S. H. (2019). FDI, income, and environmental pollution in Latin America: Replication and extension using panel quantile regression analysis. Energy Economics, 84, 104504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104504 google scholar
• Amarante V., Galvan M., & Mancero, X. (2016). Inequality in Latin America: A global measurement. CEPAL Review, 118, 25-44. https://www.cepal.org/en/publications/40423-inequality-latin-america-global-measurement google scholar
• Angotti, T. (1996). Latin American urbanization and planning: inequality and unsustainability in North and South. Latin American Perspectives, 23(4), The “Urban Question” in Latin America, 12-34. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2634127 google scholar
• Annez, P. C., & Buckley, R. M. (2009). Urbanization and growth: setting the context. In M. Spence, P. C. Annez, & R. M. Buckley (Eds.), Urbanization and Growth. Commission on Growth and Development (pp. 1-45). The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-7573-0 google scholar
• Arsht, A. (2014). Urbanization in Latin America. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/ wp-content/uploads/2014/02/20140205_LatAm_UrbanizationTwoPager.pdf google scholar
• BBVA (2017). Urbanization in Latin America. BBVA Research. https://www.bbvaresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Urbanization-in-Latin-America-BBVA-Research.pdf google scholar
• Chen, G., Glasmeier, A. K., Zhang, M., & Shao, Y. (2016). Urbanization and income inequality in post-reform China: A causal analysis based on time series data. PLoS One, 11(7), e0158826. https:// doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158826 google scholar
• Chen, B., & Lin, J. Y. (2014). Development strategy, urbanization and the urban-rural income gap in China. Social Sciences in China, 35 (1), 5-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2013.875651 google scholar
• Lu, M., & Chen, Z. (2006). Urbanization, urban-biased policies, and urban-rural inequality in China, 1987-2001. Chinese Economy, 39(3), 42 - 63. https://doi.org/10.2753/CES1097-1475390304 google scholar
• Dumitrescu, E. I., & Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Econometric Modelling, 29, 1450-1460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2012.02.014 google scholar
• Edwards, S. (1995). Crisis and reform in Latin America (from despair to hope). World Bank Book, Oxford University Press. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/639531468743177547/ pdf/multi0page.pdf google scholar
• Escobar, A. (2010). Latin America at a crossroads (alternative modernizations, post-liberalism, or post-development?) Cultural Studies, 24(1), 1-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380903424208 google scholar
• Fay, M., & Opal, C. (2000). Urbanization without sustained economic growth (A not so-uncommon phenomenon. The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 2412. https://openknowledge. worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/21373/wps2412.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. google scholar
• Fay, M., & Laderchi, R. (2005). Urban poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean: setting the stage. In M. Fay (Eds). Directions in Developmant-The Urban Poor in Latin America (pp. 19-46.). Wahington, US: https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/0-8213-6069-8Worldbank. google scholar
• Ha, N. M., Le, N. D. & Trung-Kien, P. (2019).The impact of urbanization on income inequality: A study in Vietnam. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 12(3), 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ jrfm12030146 google scholar
• He, L., & Zhang, X. (2022). The distribution effect of urbanization: Theoretical deduction and evidence from China. Habitat International, 123, 102544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. habitatint.2022.102544 google scholar
• Pesaran, M. H., & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142, 50-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.010 google scholar
• Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, 265-312. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.951 google scholar
• Kanbur, R., & Zhang, X. (1999). Which regional inequality: rural-urban or coast-inland? An application to China. J. Comp. Econ. 27, 686-701. https://doi: 10.1006/jcec.1999.1612 google scholar
• Kanbur, R., & Zhuang (2013). Urbanization and inequality in Asia. Asian Development Review, 30(1), 131-147. google scholar
• Khan, H., Khan, I., & Binh, T. T. (2020). The heterogeneity of renewable energy consumption, carbon emission and financial development in the globe: A panel quantile regression approach. Energy Reports, 6, 859-867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.04.002 google scholar
• Koenker, R. (2004). Qauntile regression for longitudinal data. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 91(1), 74-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2004.05.006 google scholar
• Koenker, R., & Bassett, G. (1982). Robust tests for heteroscedasticity based on regression quantiles. Econometrica, 50(1), 43-61. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912528 google scholar
• Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic Growth and Income Inequality. The American Economic Review, 45(1), 1-28. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1811581 google scholar
• Lall S. V., Selod, H., & Z. Shalizi (2006). Rural-urban migration in developing countries: A survey of theoretical predictions and empirical findings. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3915. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8669 google scholar
• Li, Y., Wang, X., Zhu, Q. & Zhao, H. (2014). Assessing the spatial and temporal differences in the impacts of factor allocation and urbanization on urban-rural income disparity in China, 20042010. Habitat International, 42, 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2013.10.009 google scholar
• Lin, J. Y., & Chen, B. (2011). Urbanization and urban-rural inequality in china: a new perspective from the government’s development strategy. Frontiers of Economics in China, 6(1), 1-21. http://dx.doi. org/10.1007/s11459-011-0119-3 google scholar
• Lu, M. & Chen, Z. (2006). Urbanization, urban-biased policies, and urban-rural inequality in China, 1987-2001. Chinese Economy, 39(3), 42 - 63. https://doi.org/10.2753/CES1097-1475390304 google scholar
• Morley, S. A., Machado, R.& Pettinato, S. (1999). Indexes of structural reform in Latin America. Serie Reformas Economicas 12. https://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/publication/files/7453/ S9900669_en.pdf google scholar
• OECD (2019). Equity market development in Latin America: Enhancing access to corporate finance. https://www.oecd.org/corporate/ca/equity-markets-latin-america.htm google scholar
• OECD (2021). How’s Life in Latin America? (Measuring Well-being for Policy Making). https://doi. org/10.1787/2965f4fe-en google scholar
• Pattnyak, S. R. (1996). Globalization, urbanization, and the state: selected studies on contemporary Latin America. University Press of America, Inc. ISBN: 0-7618-0352-1. google scholar
• Perry, G. & Olarreaga, M. (2006). Trade liberalization, inequality and poverty reduction in Latin America. https://web.worldbank.org/archive/website01589/WEB/IMAGES/GUILLERM.PDF google scholar
• Portes, A. (1989). Latin American urbanization during the years of the crisis. Latin American Research Review, 24(3), 7-44. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0023879100022986 google scholar
• Rodn'guez-Pose, A., & Tselios, V. (2009). Education and income inequalıty in the regions of the European Union. Journal of Regional Science, 49(3), 41 1.- 437. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2008.00602.x google scholar
• Rosenfeld, T. R. (2019). International trade and and income inequality: The case of Latin America countries. Dissertation, Master in International Economics and Management. Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia. google scholar
• Royuela, V., Veneri, P., & Ramosi, R. (2014). Income inequality, urban size and economic growth in OECD Regions. OECD Regional Development Working Papers 2014/10. https://doi. org/10.1787/5jxrcmg88l8r-en google scholar
• Sagala, P., Akita, T., & Yusuf, A. A. (2014). Urbanization and expenditure inequality in Indonesia: Testing the Kuznets hypothesis with provincial panel data. Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, 7: 133-147. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12076-013-0106-7 google scholar
• Segal, P. (2022). On the character and causes of inequality in Latin America. Development and Change 53(5): 1087-1102. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12728 google scholar
• Su, C-W., Liu, T-Y., Chang, H-L. & Ziang, X-Z. (2015). Is urbanization narrowing the urban-rural income gap? A cross-regional study of China. Habitat International, 48, 79-86. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.03.002 google scholar
• Sulemana, I., Nketiah-Amponsah, E., & Codjoe, E. A. (2019). Urbanization and income inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sustainable Cities and Society, 48, 101544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scs.2019.101544 google scholar
• Yao, Y., & Jiang, L. (2021). Urbanization forces driving rural urban income disparity: Evidence from metropolitan areas in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 312, 127748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jclepro.2021.127748 google scholar
• Wan, G., Zhang, X., & Zhao, M. (2022). Urbanization can help reduce income inequality. npj Urban Sustainability, 2, https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-021-00040-y google scholar
• Wang, Z. (2011). A reexamination of urbanization and urban-rural income gap in China. Economic Geography, 8, 1289 - 1293. google scholar
• Wang, X., Shao, S. & Li, L. (2019). Agricultural inputs, urbanization, and urban-rural income disparity: Evidence from China. China Economic Review, 55, 67-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. chieco.2019.03.009 google scholar
• World Bank (WDI) (2002). Reaching the rural poor (a rural development strategy for the Latin America and Caribbean Region). Rural Development Strategy, Regional Development Strategy. http://web.worldbank.org/archive/website00660/WEB/PDF/LATINAME.PDF google scholar
• World Social Report (WSR) (2020). Inequality in a Rapidly Changing World, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/02/World-Social-Report2020-FullReport.pdf google scholar
• Wu, D., & Rao, D. S. P. (2017). Urbanization and Income Inequality in China: An Empirical Investigation at Provincial Level. Social Indicators Research, 131(1): 189-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1229-1 google scholar
• Yuan, Y., Wang, M., Zhu, Y., Huang, X., & Xiong, X. (2020). Urbanization’s effects on the urban-rural income gap in China: A meta-regression analysis. Land Use Policy, 99, 104995. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104995 google scholar
• Zhong, S., Wang, M., Zhu, Y., Chen Z., & Huang, X. (2022). Urban expansion and the urban-rural income gap: Empirical evidence from China. Cities, 129, 103831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cities.2022.103831 google scholar
• Zhou, Q., & Shi, W. (2022). How does town planning affect urban-rural income inequality: Evidence from China with simultaneous equation analysis. Landscape and Urban Planning, 221, 104380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104380 google scholar
• Zhu, J., Zhu, M., & Xiao, Y. (2019). Urbanization for rural development: Spatial paradigm shifts toward inclusive urban-rural integrated development in China. Journal of Rural Studies, 71, 94103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.08.009 google scholar

Citations