Süleyman

İlhami

Global Capital Flows, Time Varying Fundamentals and Transitional Exchange Rate Dynamics: An MS-VAR Approach

Yhlas

Phillips Curve Estimation During Tranquil and Recessionary Periods: Evidence From Panel Analysis

Özgür

Sultan

The Causal Relationship Between Economic Growth and Export: The Case of Russia

Emine

Assist. Prof.

Today, improvement of regions’ competitiveness is among the primary agenda items of governments. Accordingly, it is desired to determine the factors influencing regional competitiveness and to find solution ways by specifying the strong and weak aspects of the region. But there is no consensus regarding the definition and measurement of regional competitiveness. Therefore, studies being conducted about competitiveness aim to reach a conclusion by focusing on different factors. However, whether the regions have attained high level of incomes and employment, is accepted as an important indicator of competitiveness of regions in literature. Namely, the higher the income or employment a region can generate, the more its competitive power will be defined as proportionally. As a result of the studies, it has found out that there is a close relationship between regional differences of GDP per capita and the four basic factors - structure of economic activity, innovative capacity, accessibility of the region, and accumulation of knowledge and skills relating with the labor force-. Even though these four basic factors listed above are important particulars influencing GDP per capita, they are also among the essential aspects of high scale competitiveness.In this study, the regional competitiveness has been examined by evaluating four basic factors that affect both the high scale competitiveness and the GDP per capita. In this regard, it is aimed to determine the competitiveness level of the regions and to determine their effectiveness in generating per capita income.The study has covered 26 sub regions according to NUTS2 within current regional classification. In this study, the methods have been followed Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In the study, the input variables have consisted of 17 items representing the four basic factors mentioned above. The output variable is the GDP per capita. In the study, regional competition indices are firstly obtained with EFA. Then, by using DEA, it has been estimated efficiency of these indices for creating GDP per capita.According to the results of EFA, principal components have consisted of three sub-dimensions and they have accounted for approximately 81% of the total variance in the original data matrices. After the principal components (factors) were obtained, they have been named according to the features. The first factor has been named as economic and innovative infrastructure owing to include all the economic variables and the patent rate representing innovation. The second factor is skilled labor infrastructure, including resources that create human capital. In the third component, regional qualifications have presented as proximity to the port, total highway length and average bank credit. So this factor has defined as regional basic infrastructure.&nbsp;Then, the composite indices have been calculated taking into account the weights of the variables in each principal components. According to the results; the most competitive regions are TR10, TR51 and TR31 sub regions at the economic and innovative infrastructure; TR51, TR10 and TR31 sub regions at the skilled labor infrastructure; TR10, TR31 and TR42 sub regions at the regional basic infrastructure, whereas the lowest competitive regions are TRA2, TRB2 and TRC2 sub regions at the economic and innovative infrastructure; TRB2, TRC2 and TRA2 sub regions at the skilled labor infrastructure; TRC2, TRB2 and TRC3 sub regions at the regional basic infrastructure, respectively.In the study, DEA has been performed by using regional competitive indices as inputs. At this point, the aim of the study is to investigate efficiency in generating per capita GDP with the competitive potentials of sub regions. In the CCR Model results, only three DMUs - TR10 Istanbul, TR42 Kocaeli and TR51&nbsp;Ankara- have become efficient. Eight sub regions -TR10 İstanbul, TR21 Tekirdağ, TR42 Kocaeli, TR51 Ankara, TR82 Kastamonu, TRA2 Ağrı, TRB2 Van and TRC2 Şanlıurfa- are efficiency in the BCC Model. According to the result of the slacks movements, in Turkey, inefficient DMUs couldn’t convert the skilled labor input to output at most.&nbsp;

Regional Competitiveness in Turkey

Ahmet

Elif

In the historical process, the concept of social capital has been the subject of a variety of research in fields such as economics, sociology, business administration and political sciences. Social capital, which has become increasingly important in social structure and it has been used frequently in literature, trust, social networks and norms which consist a structure that support each other. The social capital required inside of social structure varies according to the level of development levels of the countries. The existence of these differences paves the way for the weakening of social networks and decreasing trust in society.Another factor that is important for humanity and which takes its place in literature in this direction is anxiety. Anxiety is defined as the tension and fear that individuals feel instinctively against a threat. There are many economic, social and psychological reasons that cause individuals to be anxious during their lives, and they have an impact on despair. The main reason for this is the unemployment phenomenon related to the future of individuals. The overall unemployment rate for our country is 10,8% and the youth unemployment rate is 22%. This&nbsp;situation,shows that the most effected group by unemployment are the young individuals in the rage 15-24.The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a meaningful relationship between the social capital of the senior students and the unemployment concerns or not. In this context, the research sample includes senior students in the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences of Erzurum Atatürk University. In this study it is preferred data collection method based on quantitative data. The existence of the relationship between these two variables is tried to be revealed by correlation analysis. SPSS 22 statistical program was used to analyze the data. As a result of the study, a negative relationship was found between social capital and unemployment anxiety As the social capital of individuals increased, unemployment concerns decreased. In this respect, it can be interpreted that as the social capital of the students increases, the unemployment concerns related to their future will decrease in the opposite direction. According to the hypothesis results, there is a higher relation between social capital and unemployment anxiety sub-dimensions, personal pessimism and lack of self-confidence compared to other sub-dimensions. It can be said that a significant relationship was found between social capital and the lower dimensions of unemployment anxiety. As a matter of fact, as the social capital of students increases, there will be a decrease in personal pessimism and lack of self-confidence, and there will be decreases in social pressures and effects of their environment.When the relationship between the sub-dimensions of social capital and unemployment anxiety is examined; It has been noted that the relationship between the value of life, which is one of the sub-dimensions of social capital, and unemployment anxiety has a higher rate than other sub-dimensions. As a result, any increase in the sub-dimensions of social capital reduces the unemployment concerns of individuals and it enables individuals to be hopefull about the their future.&nbsp;As a result of the differences analysis performed, social capital and unemployment anxiety levels differed according to the demographic characteristics of the students. It was observed that women’s perception of unemployment anxiety was higher than that of men. It can be said that the fact that women cannot find a working area in every sector in the labor market is effective in having unemployment anxiety about their future. As a result of the analyzes, it has been observed that the unemployment anxiety of the students who have work experience have a lower rate compared to the students who cannot have work experience. It was revealed that men’s perceptions of social capital were higher than women. It was observed that the individuals who had relatives in the job-finding point had higher rates of social capital perceptions than those who had no relatives in terms of employment. Unemployment concerns of the young people with high social capital have been low and an opposite relationship has been found between these two variables.

Relationship Between Social Capital and Unemployment Anxiety: An Application on Last Class Students at Ataturk University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Muhittin

Prof.

CALL FOR PAPER

Yıldırım

Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Decoding Inflation: Role of Institutional Quality in Türkiye Using Advanced Econometric Techniques

İpek

Assist. Prof. Dr.

Analysis of Istanbul Stock Market Returns Volatility with ARCH and GARCH Models

Hikmet

Selim

Prof. Dr.

Empirical Analysis of Turkish Banking Sector Institutional and Macroeconomic Determinants of Risks

Necip

Yüksel

Panel Data Analysis of Export Structure and Growth: Case of BRICS-T Countries

Kenan

Assoc. Prof.

Tuğrul

Contribution of Finance and Transport Indicators on Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Eurasian Countries

Doğan

Res. Assist.

Panel Causality Analysis of the Relationship among the Rule of Law, Technological Advances, Competitiveness, and Value-Added

Ezgim

Nazan

Public Policies on the Socioeconomic Effects of Migration

A Better Proxy for Technology Determinant of Economic Growth: The International Digital Economy and Society Index

Kurtuluş

Relationship between Organic Agriculture And GDP Per Capita, Economic Growth, and Unemployment: Panel Data Analysis

Exploring the Impact of Behavioural Factors and Personality Traits on Private Pension System Participation: A Machine Learning Approach

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Ümit

The Monetary Policy Reaction Function in Turkey: Evidence from Fourier-Based Time Series Methods

Kalim

The US Economy, Global Imbalances and Recent Development: A Critical Review

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Recep

Nowadays, tax expenditures are extensively applied in many countries in order to achieve certain economic and social goals more effectively and quickly. This situation reveals the importance of fiscal discipline in OECD countries, one of which is Turkey. In recent years, the increasing need for public services has led to increases in demand for public expenditures. In this context, tax which is the most important resource of financing public expenditures, has become an important implementation tool of fiscal policies. In addition to the implementation of tax as a fiscal policy tool for the purpose of financing public expenditures, it can also be applied indirectly in the form of tax expenditures in place of forgone tax revenues, for the purpose of economic and social policies.Tax expenditures, which were introduced for the first time in the 1960’s and which are extensively applied in many countries in order to achieve certain economic and social goals more effectively and quickly, constitute an important discussion topic. Thus, tax expenditures generally represent forgone tax revenues&nbsp;and are generally applied in the form of tax exemption and exceptions, reductions, credits, low tax ratios and tax deferrals. The fact that tax expenditures have the qualifications of extra budgetary public expenditures and the transfer of funds from the public sector to the private sector increases these discussions further. Therefore, the efficient and effective implementation of tax expenditures is becoming more and more important in terms of income and expenditure policies.In this study, prepared in order to analyse the development of tax expenditures in Turkey, first the concept of tax expenditures and the theoretical framework and implementations were examined, then the volume of tax expenditures, increase ratios, distribution according to the categories of taxes, and ratios to various macro indicators were analysed, using the estimated tax expenditures of the 2015-2021 period in Turkey. Then, the functional distribution of tax expenditures was covered and it was determined which areas these expenditures are directed towards. Finally, the ratio of tax expenditures in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in various countries and the situation in Turkey were examined, and an attempt was made to develop some policy recommendations in order to apply tax expenditures more efficiently and effectively.The findings of the study show that tax expenditures are extensively applied in both developed and developing countries and they continue to increase despite efforts to decrease tax expenditures in the context of fiscal discipline practices. In Turkey, tax expenditures have attained a significant level and in addition to tax laws, there are tax incentives in the form of tax expenditures in many laws. In Turkey, it is envisaged that tax expenditures which are 79,6 billion TL in 2015 will reach 230 billion TL in 2021, by increasing with an annual average 19,3% ratio. In addition, significant increases have been realised in tax expenditures, especially in 2017, 2018 and 2019. This data shows that tax expenditures are extensively applied in Turkey especially in recent years, as an active fiscal policy tool besides the other policy measures, in order to revive the economy.The Income Tax takes the highest share of the tax expenditures in Turkey. In 2018, 38,4% of total tax expenditures comes from the Income Tax, 27,7% from the Value Added Tax, 15,6% from the Corporate Tax, 14% from the Special Consumption Tax and 4,3% from the other taxes. In 2018, 55,9% of the tax expenditures in the Income Tax consisted of the minimum living allowances. This ratio constitutes 21,8% of total tax expenditures. The fact that the highest shares of tax expenditures are the the Income Tax and the minimum living allowances in the Income Tax, is also important in terms of showing that the tax expenditures are applied to improve the income distribution.In 2018, the ratios of tax expenditures to tax revenues obtained in the same categories of taxes were 41,7% the Income Tax, 29,9% the Corporate Tax, 23,5% the Value Added Tax, 15,8% the Special Consumption Tax and 7,1% under the other laws in Turkey, while the majority of tax revenues consist of indirect taxes, the implementation of tax expenditures mostly to taxes on income decreases the balance in tax distribution.Regarding the functional distribution of the tax expenditures in Turkey, labor market development, wages and employment has a share of 24,5%, development of the business world and increasing of investments has a share of 20,7%, infrastructure, energy and transportation has a share of 18,5%, increasing of domestic savings and deepening of the financial markets has a share of 14,7%. These are followed by tax incentives for agriculture with 9,9%, tax expenditures for health and social purposes with 9%, Research &amp; Development, innovation and design activities with 2,4%, tax expenditures in education, culture, sports and arts with 0,4%.The functional distribution is important in terms of showing how tax expenditures are applied within the scope of determined economic and social goals. In recent years, implementations such as minimum living allowances, private pensions, business incentives, research and development incentives, important infrastructure, energy and transportation projects, and agricultural supports show that tax expenditures are extensively applied within the scope of these determined economic and social goals.In 2018, while the ratio of tax expenditures in GDP was 4,1% in Turkey, the share of tax expenditures in budget revenues, tax revenues, and budget expenditures were 19,9%, 24,3% and 18,2% respectively. These ratios are significant when they are compared to many countries’ ratios. In 2018, Canada with 18,6%, Australia with 9,3% and The United States of America (USA) with 6,7% are ranked among the countries with the highest ratio of tax expenditures in GDS. Turkey with 4,1% ratio of tax expenditures in GDP is one of the countries where tax expenditures are extensively applied for the purpose of various economic goals outside public expenditures.In this context, some policy recommendations such as a more effective realisation of cost-benefit analyses on tax expenditures, the calculation of tax expenditures in the most realistic manner with minimum error, the determination of the tax expenditures’ objectives and the explication to the public opinion, the regular and more detailed reporting of estimated tax expenditures/continue to be reported, the functional classification of tax expenditures by sectors, the submission of the reports to the public opinion within the annual budget, the monitoring of the harmony level between the expenditures and the goals and the explication to the public opinion, the termination of ineffective tax expenditures or the replacement with the effective tax expenditures, the simplification of the Tax System, the inclusion of the tax incentives other than tax laws in the form of tax expenditures and providing transparency in resource allocation on tax expenditures are presented in order to apply tax expenditures more efficiently and effectively in Turkey. With these policies, it is envisaged that tax expenditures will contribute positively to Turkey’s economic performance in such a way that the efficiency and effectiveness of tax expenditures are increased and fiscal transparency is achieved.

The Development of the Tax Expenditures in Turkey: 2015-2021

Liberalization process of the capital markets in Turkey began by July 1984 dated number 30 executive order of the government and the process has continued with executive order number 32 on August 1989. New regulations allow domestic and foreign individuals and institutions to open bank accounts, invest in Turkish debt and stock markets in Turkish Lira and foreign currency with some restrictions on borrowing with foreign currency. Short and long term capital flows increased with the liberalization of capital markets in Turkey.Deposit and credit dollarization of banking system is defined as ratio of foreign exchange deposits and credit to the total deposits and credits. In between 2003- 2019 (the sample period of this study), the dollarization (both deposit and credit) of Turkish economy followed a volatile path (Figure I). Dollarization which was around 45% at the beginning of 2000’s declined below 30% until year 2010. After the modifications in the framework of the monetary policy implementation, both deposit and credit dollarization began to rise. The simultaneity of the modification in the monetary policy framework and the rise in dollarization may be related to the fact that required reserve ratios of Turkish lira deposits increased while those of foreign currency decreased were decreased by the monetary authority. During the same period, a simultaneous elevation of volatility of the Turkish lira US dollar exchange rate was observed. In the literature the relationship between deposit dollarization and exchange rate volatility has been showed in multiple studies (Akçay 1997, Honohan, 2006, Corrado, 2008, Yinusa 2008 Mengesha and Holmes, 2013), yet the impact of credit dollarization on exchange rate has not been investigated in our best knowledge. In this paper, we investigate the effects of credit and deposit dollarization and portfolio capital flows on volatility the Turkish Lira (TL) US Dollar (USD) exchange rate. For this purpose we employed the EGARCH-M model. This paper, contributes to literature by its comprehensive approach of examining exchange rate volatility relationship with dollarization of both kinds, portfolio flows and country risk factor (CDS).Empirical results provide insights to the dynamics of Turkish lira US dollar exchange rate volatility since 2003. According to this, increase in deposit and especially credit dollarization elevate conditional volatility of the TL-USD exchange rate. On the other hand, portfolio flows reduce it. In addition to conditional volatility findings indicate that higher deposit interest rate spread between TL and USD deposits, appreciate the TL-USD exchange rate, while higher spreads in loan interest rate TL-USD depreciate TL. These results are in line with theory and literature.Findings of this study indicate that dollarization of the financial system through deposit and credit dollarization elevate volatility of the exchange rate risk in Turkey. So, reducing dollarization of the financial markets gradually decrease exchange rate volatility and risk, eventually attracting foreign portfolio flows by increasing return per unit of risk (Sharpe ratio) which in turn reduce volatility further more. This virtuous cycle eventually reduce volatility more and stabilize exchange rate, increase investments and lead to economic growth and prosperity

The Relationship between Dollarization, Portfolio Flows and Exchange Rate Volatility for the Turkish Economy during the 2003-2018 Period

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Istanbul Journal of Economics-İstanbul İktisat Dergisi is an open access, peer-reviewed, scholarly journal published two times a year in June and December. It has been an official publication of Istanbul University Faculty of Economics since 1939. Starting from 2023, except for the articles in process, the journal has started to consider manuscripts in English for evaluation and publication language has become English. Before 2023 the publication languages of the journal were English and Turkish.

Being one of the earliest peer-reviewed academic journals in Turkey in the area of economics, Istanbul Journal of Economics-İstanbul İktisat Dergisi aims to provide a forum for exploring issues in basicly economics and publish both disciplinary and multidisciplinary articles.

Economics is the main scope of the journal. However, multidisciplinary and comparative approaches are encouraged as well and articles from various social science areas such as sociology of economics, history, social policy, international relations, financial studies are welcomed in this regard. The target group of the journal consists of academicians, researchers, professionals, students, related professional and academic bodies and institutions.

As of 2024, the print version has been stopped. The journal has become an online-only publication.

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Istanbul Journal of Economics

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Istanbul Journal of Economics-İstanbul İktisat Dergisi is an open access, peer-reviewed, scholarly journal published two times a year in June and December. It has been an official publication of Istanbul University Faculty of Economics since 1939. Starting from 2023, except for the articles in process, the journal has started to consider manuscripts in English for evaluation and publication language has become English. Before 2023 the publication languages of the journal were English and Turkish.Being one of the earliest peer-reviewed academic journals in Turkey in the area of economics, Istanbul Journal of Economics-İstanbul İktisat Dergisi aims to provide a forum for exploring issues in basicly economics and publish both disciplinary and multidisciplinary articles.Economics is the main scope of the journal. However, multidisciplinary and comparative approaches are encouraged as well and articles from various social science areas such as sociology of economics, history, social policy, international relations, financial studies are welcomed in this regard. The target group of the journal consists of academicians, researchers, professionals, students, related professional and academic bodies and institutions.

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Indexing and Abstracting

The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a> The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the Journal. Only those manuscripts approved by every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the Journal requires written permission of all declared authors.Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviors. All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. Plagiarism Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. If plagiarism/self-plagiarism will be found authors will be informed. Editors may resubmit manuscript for similarity check at any peer-review or production stage if required. High similarity scores may lead to rejection of a manuscript before and even after acceptance. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity score taken from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 15 or 20%. Double Blind Peer-Review After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by the editors-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The editor provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles and hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

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The journal is an open access journal and all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read" target="_blank">BOAI</a> definition of open access.The open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) license.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

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Editor should consider publishing correction if minor errors that do not effect the results, interpretations and conclusions of the published paper are detected. Editor should consider retraction if major errors and/or misconduction that invalidate results and conclusions are detected.Editor should consider issuing an expression of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are not reliable and institutions of the authors do not investigate the case or the possible investigation seems to be unfair or nonconclusive. The guidelines of <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> and <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> are taken into consideration regarding correction, retractions or expression of concern.

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark which serves as a  national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to  collect, preserve, and serve the content.Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with  that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of IUPress journal website.

Istanbul Journal of Economics-İstanbul İktisat Dergisi is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.Each manuscript is reviewed by one of the editors and at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. In accordance with the code of conduct we will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing.

Ethics

Journal of Economics adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.-    Principles of integrity, quality and ransparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.-    The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.-    The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.-    Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.-    Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.-    The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.-    In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.-    If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.-    In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8137CF88D98D446BA7C14A96AC5893D9" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>. The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment.When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor-in-Chief to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by Editor-in-Chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. Editor-inChief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international external referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by Editor-in-Chief upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.- Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?- Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?- Is the problem significant and concisely stated? - Are the methods described comprehensively? - Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?- Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?- Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

LanguageThe language of the journal is English. Submitted article must include an abstract in EnglishManuscript Organization and FormatAll correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified. Manuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/istjecon" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/istjecon</a> and it must be accompanied by a cover letter indicating that the manuscript is intended for publication, specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist). Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word 2003 and upper versions. In addition, a <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8137CF88D98D446BA7C14A96AC5893D9" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted.1. The manuscripts should be in A4 paper standards: having 2.5 cm margins from right, left, bottom and top, Times New Roman font style in 10 font size and line spacing of 1.5 and “justify align” format. For indented paragraph, tab key should be used. One line spacing should be used for the tables and figures, which are included in the text.2. The manuscripts should contain between 4500 and 10000 words and the page numbers must be at the bottom and in the middle.3. The name(s) of author(s) should be given just beneath the title of the study aligned to the right. Also the affiliation, title, e-mail and phone of the author(s) must be indicated on the bottom of the page as a footnote marked with an asterisk (*).4. Before the introduction part, there should be an abstract of 120-250 words in English.  Summarizing the scope, the purpose, the results of the study and the methodology used is to be included following the abstracts. Underneath the abstracts, 3 keywords that inform the reader about the content of the study should be specified in English.&#34;According to the field of study, at least one and at most three Jel codes should be added under the keywords. Please visit <a href="https://www.aeaweb.org/jel/guide/jel.php" target="_blank">https://www.aeaweb.org/jel/guide/jel.php</a> for the JEL classifications that should be chosen according to the article's topic. JEL classification codes will be given below the English abstracts.5. The manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords; sections, footnotes and references.6. Tables, graphs and figures can be given with a number and a defining title if and only if it is necessary to follow the idea of the article. Otherwise features like demographic characteristics can be given within the text.7.  In articles, decimal numbers are separated by a comma or dot for the entire article. The two points should not be used simultaneously. In order to ensure the formal integrity of the article, it should be preferred to use commas or dots and this usage should be applied for the whole article. This rule should also be followed in the display of econometric findings.8. A <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/0215D45F250E49898162B610275C8D6E" target="_blank">title page</a> including author information must be submitted together with the manuscript. The title page is to include fully descriptive title of the manuscript and, affiliation, title, e-mail address, postal address, phone, fax number of the author(s) and ORCIDs of all authors (see The Submission Checklist).9. The scientific and legal responsibility for manuscripts submitted to our journal for publication belongs to the author(s).10. The author(s) can be asked to make some changes in their articles due to peer reviews.11. A copy of the journal will be sent to each author of the accepted articles upon their request.12. The studies that were sent to the journal will not be returned whether they are published or not.13. &#34;iThenticate&#34; document is mandatory for article submission (Maximum15%).

Author Guidelines

Before beginning the online submission process please read the Information for Authors and make sure you have the followings available:Cover letter to the editor<ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li style="text-align: left;">The category of the manuscript</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Confirming that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Including disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Confirming that the statistical design of the research article is reviewed.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Confirming that last control for fluent English was done.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Confirming that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Confirming that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in line with APA 6.</li> </ul> </ul><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8137CF88D98D446BA7C14A96AC5893D9" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>Permission of previous published material if used in the present manuscript<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/F2C472301B83408FAB8CDFA957D3BCC7" target="_blank">Title page</a><ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li style="text-align: left;">The category of the manuscript</li> <li style="text-align: left;">The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in English</li> <li style="text-align: left;">All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addresses</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax number</li> <li style="text-align: left;">ORCIDs of all authors.</li> </ul> </ul>Main Manuscript Document<ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li style="text-align: left;">The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in English</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Abstracts (120-250 words) both in Turkish and in English</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Key words: 3 words both in Turkish and in English</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Extended Abstract (600-800 words) in English (only for Turkish articles)</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Main article sections</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Acknowledgement (if exits)</li> <li style="text-align: left;">References</li> <li style="text-align: left;">All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)</li> </ul> </ul>Manuscript Submission<ul type="disc"> <li style="text-align: left;">DergiPark manuscript submission site of the journal is: <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/journal/2248/submission/step/manuscript/new" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/journal/2248/submission/step/manuscript/new</a>   </li> <li style="text-align: left;">The manuscript must be submitted through the account of the corresponding author. The account of authors other than the corresponding author or someone else who is not included as an author in the work must not be used for submission. All correspondence regarding the submission is made with the corresponding author through e-mail via the DergiPark system.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">While uploading Main Document, make sure that the main document has no information that clarify the author’s identity. Due to double blind peer review, Main Document must not include Title Page, the name of author or any other detail that can disclose the author identity. </li> </ul>Files to be uploaded separately<ul type="disc"> <li style="text-align: left;">Copyright Agreement Form</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Permissions obtained for previously published material if used in the present manuscript</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Title page</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Main Manuscript Document</li> </ul><ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li style="text-align: left;">The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in English</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Abstracts (120-250 words) both in Turkish and in English</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Key words: 3 words both in Turkish and in English</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Extended Abstract (600-800 words) in English (only for Turkish articles)</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Main article sections</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Acknowledgement (if exists)</li> <li style="text-align: left;">References</li> <li style="text-align: left;">All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)</li></ul></ul>

Although references to review articles can be an efficient way to guide readers to a body of literature, review articles do not always reflect original work accurately. Readers should therefore be provided with direct references to original research sources whenever possible. On the other hand, extensive lists of references to original work on a topic can use excessive space on the printed page. Small numbers of references to key original papers often serve as well as more exhaustive lists, particularly since references can now be added to the electronic version of published papers, and since electronic literature searching allows readers to retrieve published literature efficiently. Papers accepted but not yet included in the issue are published online in the Early View section and they should be cited as “advance online publication”. Citing a “personal communication” should be avoided unless it provides essential information not available from a public source, in which case the name of the person and date of communication should be cited in parentheses in the text. For scientific articles, written permission and confirmation of accuracy from the source of a personal communication must be obtained.Reference Style and FormatIstanbul Journal of Economics-İstanbul İktisat Dergisi complies with APA (American Psychological Association) style 6th Edition for referencing and quoting. For more information:-    American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American PsychologicalAssociation (6th ed.). Washington, DC: APA.-    <a href="http://www.apastyle.org/" target="_blank">http://www.apastyle.org</a>Accuracy of citation is the author’s responsibility. All references should be cited in text. Reference list must be in alphabetical order. Type references in the style shown below.Citations in the TextCitations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year within the parenthesis.If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;).Samples:More than one citation;(Esin et al., 2002; Karasar, 1995)Citation with one author;(Akyolcu, 2007, p. 17)Citation with two authors;(Sayıner &amp; Demirci 2007, p. 72)Citation with three, four, five authors;First citation in the text: (Ailen, Ciambrune, &amp; Welch, 2000) Subsequent citations in the text: (Ailen et al., 2000)Citations with more than six authors;(Çavdar et al., 2003)Citations in the ReferenceAll the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.Basic Reference TypesBooka) Turkish BookKarasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (8th ed.) [Preparing research reports]. Ankara, Turkey: 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.b) Book Translated into TurkishMucchielli, A. (1991). Zihniyetler [Mindsets] (A. Kotil, Trans.). İstanbul, Turkey: İletişim Yayınları.c) Edited BookÖren, T., Üney, T., &amp; Çölkesen, R. (Eds.). (2006). Türkiye bilişim ansiklopedisi [Turkish Encyclopedia of Informatics]. İstanbul, Turkey: Papatya Yayıncılık.d) Turkish Book with Multiple AuthorsTonta, Y., Bitirim, Y., &amp; Sever, H. (2002). Türkçe arama motorlarında performans değerlendirme [Performance evaluation in Turkish search engines]. Ankara, Turkey: Total Bilişim.e) Book in EnglishKamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.f) Chapter in an Edited BookBassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. In G. Hall &amp; C. Birchall (Eds.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 220–237). Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.g) Chapter in an Edited Book in TurkishErkmen, T. (2012). Örgüt kültürü: Fonksiyonları, öğeleri, işletme yönetimi ve liderlikteki önemi [Organization culture: Its functions, elements and importance in leadership and business management]. In M. Zencirkıran (Ed.), Örgüt sosyolojisi [Organization sociology] (pp. 233–263). Bursa, Turkey: Dora Basım Yayın.h) Book with the same organization as author and publisherAmerican Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American psychological association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.Articlea) Turkish ArticleMutlu, B., &amp; Savaşer, S. (2007). Çocuğu ameliyat sonrası yoğun bakımda olan ebeveynlerde stres nedenleri ve azaltma girişimleri [Source and intervention reduction of stress for parents whose children are in intensive care unit after surgery]. Istanbul University Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 15(60), 179–182.b) English Articlede Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., &amp; Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002c) Journal Article with DOI and More Than Seven AuthorsLal, H., Cunningham, A. L., Godeaux, O., Chlibek, R., Diez-Domingo, J., Hwang, S.-J. ... Heineman, T. C. (2015). Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 2087–2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1501184d) Journal Article from Web, without DOISidani, S. (2003). Enhancing the evaluation of nursing care effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(3), 26–38. Retrieved from http://cjnr.mcgill.cae) Journal Article wih DOITurner, S. J. (2010). Website statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to measure library website effectiveness. Technical Services Quarterly, 27, 261–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910f) Advance Online PublicationSmith, J. A. (2010). Citing advance online publication: A review. Journal of Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a45d7867g) Article in a MagazineHenry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28–31.Doctoral Dissertation, Master’s Thesis, Presentation, Proceedinga) Dissertation/Thesis from a Commercial DatabaseVan Brunt, D. (1997). Networked consumer health information systems (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 9943436)b) Dissertation/Thesis from an Institutional DatabaseYaylalı-Yıldız, B. (2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portalic) Dissertation/Thesis from WebTonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley). Retrieved from http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar /phd/ickapak.htmld) Dissertation/Thesis abstracted in Dissertations Abstracts InternationalAppelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture amplifica&#173;tion, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.e) Symposium ContributionKrinsky-McHale, S. J., Zigman, W. B., &amp; Silverman, W. (2012, August). Are neuropsychiatric symptoms markers of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome? In W. B. Zigman (Chair), Predictors of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in adults with Down syndrome. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.f) Conference Paper Abstract Retrieved OnlineLiu, S. (2005, May). Defending against business crises with the help of intelligent agent based early warning solutions. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Miami, FL. Abstract retrieved from http://www.iceis.org/iceis2005/abstracts_2005.htmg) Conference Paper - In Regularly Published Proceedings and Retrieved OnlineHerculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H., &amp; Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593–12598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105h) Proceeding in Book FormParsons, O. A., Pryzwansky, W. B., Weinstein, D. J., &amp; Wiens, A. N. (1995). Taxonomy for psychology. In J. N. Reich, H. Sands, &amp; A. N. Wiens (Eds.), Education and training beyond the doctoral degree: Proceedings of the American Psychological Association National Conference on Postdoctoral Education and Training in Psychology (pp. 45–50). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.i) Paper PresentationNguyen, C. A. (2012, August). Humor and deception in advertising: When laughter may not be the best medicine. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.Other Sourcesa) Newspaper ArticleBrowne, R. (2010, March 21). This brainless patient is no dummy. Sydney Morning Herald, 45.b) Newspaper Article with no AuthorNew drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.c) Web Page/Blog PostBordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/d) Online Encyclopedia/DictionaryIgnition. (1989). In Oxford English online dictionary (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://dictionary.oed.comMarcoux, A. (2008). Business ethics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/e) PodcastDunning, B. (Producer). (2011, January 12). inFact: Conspiracy theories [Video podcast]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com/f) Single Episode in a Television SeriesEgan, D. (Writer), &amp; Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate. [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive producer), House; New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.g) MusicFuchs, G. (2004). Light the menorah. On Eight nights of Hanukkah [CD]. Brick, NJ: Kid Kosher.

<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8137CF88D98D446BA7C14A96AC5893D9" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/AC76F8CB7ACA46E080DC110CAC47E363" target="_blank">Title Page</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/6BCDBAD61F5946649AE671DC13D38269" target="_blank">Author Form</a>

Ensure that the following items are present:●    Cover letter to the editorü    The category of the manuscriptü    Confirming that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.ü    Including disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement.ü    Confirming that the statistical design of the research article is reviewed.ü    Confirming that last control for fluent English was done.ü    Confirming that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.ü    Confirming that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in line with APA 6.●    <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8137CF88D98D446BA7C14A96AC5893D9" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>●    Permission of previous published material if used in the present manuscript●    <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/70298F3E51EC4455892087381B3FCB55" target="_blank">Title page</a>ü    The category of the manuscriptü    The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in Englishü    All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mailaddressesü    Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax numberü    ORCIDs of all authors.●    Main Manuscript Documentü    The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in Englishü    Abstracts (120-250 words) both in Turkish and in Englishü    Key words: 3 words both in Turkish and in Englishü    Extended Abstract (600-800 words) in Englishü    Main article sectionsü    Grant support (if exists)ü    Conflict of interest (if exists)ü    Acknowledgement (if exists)ü    Referencesü    All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)

Issue Type	Regular
Editor(s)	Muhittin Kaplan
Cover (PDF)
Full Text (PDF)
Front Pages (PDF)

Istanbul Journal of Economics

VOLUME 69, ISSUE 1, 2019

Global Capital Flows, Time Varying Fundamentals and Transitional Exchange Rate Dynamics: An MS-VAR Approach

Phillips Curve Estimation During Tranquil and Recessionary Periods: Evidence From Panel Analysis

The Causal Relationship Between Economic Growth and Export: The Case of Russia

Regional Competitiveness in Turkey

Relationship Between Social Capital and Unemployment Anxiety: An Application on Last Class Students at Ataturk University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences

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