Journal of Tourismology

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Research Article


DOI :10.26650/jot.2021.7.1.0004   IUP :10.26650/jot.2021.7.1.0004    Full Text (PDF)

A Study on the Use of Tourism as a Soft Power Instrument in International Relations

Bahadır İnanç Özkan, Yasin Boylu

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the political crisis between the Russian Federation and Turkey in 2015 on the tourism sector in the latter. The political crisis was sparked by shooting down of a Russian military aircraft by the Turkish warplanes on the Turkish – Syrian border in November 2015. During that period, the Russian Federation implemented a number of decisions, one of which was a travel ban to Turkey, and this negatively impacted the Turkish tourism sector, particularly in Antalya. The research involved obtaining information on how tourism was used as a soft power instrument by the Russian Federation as a deterrent. A qualitative method was used, as well as phenomenology. The data were collected through a semi-structured survey that included five themes about which the selected tourism partners in Turkey were interviewed. For the research, with its subcategories of tourists and tour operators, tourism is regarded as a soft power instrument. The findings show that political crises have negative reflections on the tourism sector. This paper may assist researchers who interested in studying tourism within international relations.

Keywords: Tourism, Tourist, International relations, Foreign Policy, Soft power

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APA

Özkan, B.İ., & Boylu, Y. (2021). A Study on the Use of Tourism as a Soft Power Instrument in International Relations. Journal of Tourismology, 7(1), 73-99. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2021.7.1.0004


AMA

Özkan B İ, Boylu Y. A Study on the Use of Tourism as a Soft Power Instrument in International Relations. Journal of Tourismology. 2021;7(1):73-99. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2021.7.1.0004


ABNT

Özkan, B.İ.; Boylu, Y. A Study on the Use of Tourism as a Soft Power Instrument in International Relations. Journal of Tourismology, [Publisher Location], v. 7, n. 1, p. 73-99, 2021.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Özkan, Bahadır İnanç, and Yasin Boylu. 2021. “A Study on the Use of Tourism as a Soft Power Instrument in International Relations.” Journal of Tourismology 7, no. 1: 73-99. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2021.7.1.0004


Chicago: Humanities Style

Özkan, Bahadır İnanç, and Yasin Boylu. “A Study on the Use of Tourism as a Soft Power Instrument in International Relations.” Journal of Tourismology 7, no. 1 (Sep. 2023): 73-99. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2021.7.1.0004


Harvard: Australian Style

Özkan, Bİ & Boylu, Y 2021, 'A Study on the Use of Tourism as a Soft Power Instrument in International Relations', Journal of Tourismology, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 73-99, viewed 27 Sep. 2023, https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2021.7.1.0004


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Özkan, B.İ. and Boylu, Y. (2021) ‘A Study on the Use of Tourism as a Soft Power Instrument in International Relations’, Journal of Tourismology, 7(1), pp. 73-99. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2021.7.1.0004 (27 Sep. 2023).


MLA

Özkan, Bahadır İnanç, and Yasin Boylu. “A Study on the Use of Tourism as a Soft Power Instrument in International Relations.” Journal of Tourismology, vol. 7, no. 1, 2021, pp. 73-99. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2021.7.1.0004


Vancouver

Özkan Bİ, Boylu Y. A Study on the Use of Tourism as a Soft Power Instrument in International Relations. Journal of Tourismology [Internet]. 27 Sep. 2023 [cited 27 Sep. 2023];7(1):73-99. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2021.7.1.0004 doi: 10.26650/jot.2021.7.1.0004


ISNAD

Özkan, Bahadırİnanç - Boylu, Yasin. “A Study on the Use of Tourism as a Soft Power Instrument in International Relations”. Journal of Tourismology 7/1 (Sep. 2023): 73-99. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2021.7.1.0004



TIMELINE


Submitted17.02.2021
Accepted26.04.2021
Published Online30.06.2021

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