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DOI :10.30522/iuoba.356875   IUP :10.30522/iuoba.356875    Full Text (PDF)

Osmanlı denizcileri Piri Reis ve Seydi Ali Reis’in eserlerinde Hint Okyanusunda göksel seyirde kullanılan Kemal aleti

Gaye Danışan

Kemal (كمال ) aleti, Hint Okyanusu’nda enlem tayini için denizcilerin kutup yıldızı ve sirkumpolar yıldızların ufuktan yüksekliğini ölçmek için kullanıldıkları bir çeşit taşınabilir astronomi aletidir. Aletin yapısı, tarihi ve Hint, Çin ve Portekiz denizcileri arasındaki kültürel alışveriş çerçevesindeki yeri hakkında birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Buna rağmen, araştırmacılar arasında aletin ismi, yapısı, üretimi ve kökeni hakkında kesin bir fikir birliği yoktur. Ayrıca yapılan araştırmaların çoğu Arap ve Avrupa kaynaklarına dayanmaktadır. Buna karşılık, 16. yüzyıl Osmanlı kaynaklarından Piri Reis’in Kitab-ı Bahriye’sinde ve Seydi Ali Reis’in Kitabü’l-Muhit’in de kemal aletine yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bahsi geçen eserlerde yer alan kemal aleti ile ilgili bilgileri sunmaktır. Bu bilgiler, âletin fiziksel özelliklerini belirlememiz bakımından önemlidir.

Keywords: Kemal aleti, levh, kıyas, Piri Reis, Seydi Ali Reis, Kitab-ı Bahriye, Kitabü’l-Muhit, Osmanlı denizcileri
DOI :10.30522/iuoba.356875   IUP :10.30522/iuoba.356875    Full Text (PDF)

Kamal, an instrument of celestial navigation in the Indian Ocean, as decribed by Ottoman mariners Piri Reis and Seydi Ali Reis

Gaye Danışan

Kamal (كمال ) is a kind of portable astronomical instrument which was used by navigators to measure the altitude of the Polaris and the circumpolar stars to determine latitudes in the Indian Ocean. The Kamal and its role in the cultural exchange between Indian, Chinese and Portuguese navigators have been already studied, yet no consensus has been reached among researchers regarding its structure, construction, origin or even its name. Studies on kamal are mostly based on Arabic and European literary sources. The aim of this paper is to bring into fore the information given about the two different types of kamal in the 16 th century Ottoman sources, namely Piri Reis’s Kitab-ı Bahriye (The Book of Seafaring) and Seydi Ali Reis’s Kitabü’l-Muhit  (The Book of the Ocean). An analysis of the information they provided, will reveal the physical characteristics of these instruments.

Keywords: Kamal, levh, qiyas, Piri Reis, Seydi Ali Reis, Kitab-ı Bahriye, Kitabü’l Muhit, Ottoman navigators

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APA

Danışan, G. (2017). Osmanlı denizcileri Piri Reis ve Seydi Ali Reis’in eserlerinde Hint Okyanusunda göksel seyirde kullanılan Kemal aleti. Studies in Ottoman Science, 19(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.30522/iuoba.356875


AMA

Danışan G. Osmanlı denizcileri Piri Reis ve Seydi Ali Reis’in eserlerinde Hint Okyanusunda göksel seyirde kullanılan Kemal aleti. Studies in Ottoman Science. 2017;19(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.30522/iuoba.356875


ABNT

Danışan, G. Osmanlı denizcileri Piri Reis ve Seydi Ali Reis’in eserlerinde Hint Okyanusunda göksel seyirde kullanılan Kemal aleti. Studies in Ottoman Science, [Publisher Location], v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-12, 2017.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Danışan, Gaye,. 2017. “Osmanlı denizcileri Piri Reis ve Seydi Ali Reis’in eserlerinde Hint Okyanusunda göksel seyirde kullanılan Kemal aleti.” Studies in Ottoman Science 19, no. 1: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.30522/iuoba.356875


Chicago: Humanities Style

Danışan, Gaye,. “Osmanlı denizcileri Piri Reis ve Seydi Ali Reis’in eserlerinde Hint Okyanusunda göksel seyirde kullanılan Kemal aleti.” Studies in Ottoman Science 19, no. 1 (Jul. 2025): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.30522/iuoba.356875


Harvard: Australian Style

Danışan, G 2017, 'Osmanlı denizcileri Piri Reis ve Seydi Ali Reis’in eserlerinde Hint Okyanusunda göksel seyirde kullanılan Kemal aleti', Studies in Ottoman Science, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1-12, viewed 9 Jul. 2025, https://doi.org/10.30522/iuoba.356875


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Danışan, G. (2017) ‘Osmanlı denizcileri Piri Reis ve Seydi Ali Reis’in eserlerinde Hint Okyanusunda göksel seyirde kullanılan Kemal aleti’, Studies in Ottoman Science, 19(1), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.30522/iuoba.356875 (9 Jul. 2025).


MLA

Danışan, Gaye,. “Osmanlı denizcileri Piri Reis ve Seydi Ali Reis’in eserlerinde Hint Okyanusunda göksel seyirde kullanılan Kemal aleti.” Studies in Ottoman Science, vol. 19, no. 1, 2017, pp. 1-12. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.30522/iuoba.356875


Vancouver

Danışan G. Osmanlı denizcileri Piri Reis ve Seydi Ali Reis’in eserlerinde Hint Okyanusunda göksel seyirde kullanılan Kemal aleti. Studies in Ottoman Science [Internet]. 9 Jul. 2025 [cited 9 Jul. 2025];19(1):1-12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.30522/iuoba.356875 doi: 10.30522/iuoba.356875


ISNAD

Danışan, Gaye. “Osmanlı denizcileri Piri Reis ve Seydi Ali Reis’in eserlerinde Hint Okyanusunda göksel seyirde kullanılan Kemal aleti”. Studies in Ottoman Science 19/1 (Jul. 2025): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.30522/iuoba.356875



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Submitted22.11.2017
Published Online01.12.2017

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