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Physics and Astronomy Reports is an open-access, peer-reviewed and international journal published semiannually in June and December. The journal is an official online-only publication of Faculty of Science, İstanbul University. It aims to contribute to the scientific knowledge in the fields of physics and astronomy.  The publication language of the journal is English. Articles submitted to Physics and Astronomy Reports are subject to a double-blind peer-review evaluation system. 
Physics and Astronomy Reports is the successor of the previously published title: “İstanbul University Science Faculty The Journal of Mathematics Physics and Astronomy,” founded in 1916, the oldest and most established journal of Istanbul University. The journal targets international and national communities. Target audience of the journal includes academicians, researchers, professionals, students, and related professional and academic bodies and institutions.
Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Elif

Prof.

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Physics and Astronomy Reports

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Editor in Chief

Co Editor

Statistics Editor

Publicity Manager

Editorial Assistant

Editorial Board Member

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&#65279;Physics and Astronomy Reports aims to contribute to the scientific knowledge in all areas of physics and astronomy. It is an open-acces, peer-reviewed and international journal published semiannually in June and December.The journal is devoted to publish original research and review articles written in English. Original and high quality research articles, review articles (by invitation only), and high-quality conference proceedings (in special issues by the approval of the editorial board) are welcome. The journal targets international and national communities.Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.&#65279;

Aim and Scope

The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the Journal. Only those manuscripts approved by every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the Journal requires written permission of all declared authors.Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviors. All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication.<div style="text-align: justify;">Plagiarism</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. If plagiarism/self-plagiarism will be found authors will be informed. Editors may resubmit manuscript for similarity check at any peer-review or production stage if required. High similarity scores may lead to rejection of a manuscript before and even after acceptance. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity score taken from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 15 or 20%.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Double Blind Peer-Review</div><div style="text-align: justify;">After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by the editors-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The editor provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles and hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.</div>

Policies

The journal is an open access journal and all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read" target="_blank">BOAI</a> definition of open access.The open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) license.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Authors publishing with the journal retain the copyright to their work licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</a> ) and grant the Publisher non-exclusive commercial right to publish the work. CC BY-NC 4.0 license permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Editor should consider publishing correction if minor errors that do not effect the results, interpretations and conclusions of the published paper are detected. Editor should consider retraction if major errors and/or misconduction that invalidate results and conclusions are detected.Editor should consider issuing an expression of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are not reliable and institutions of the authors do not investigate the case or the possible investigation seems to be unfair or nonconclusive.The guidelines of COPE and ICJME are taken into consideration regarding correction, retractions or expression of concern.

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark which serves as a  national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to  collect, preserve, and serve the content.Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with  that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of IUPress journal website.

Physics and Astronomy Reports is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.Each manuscript is reviewed at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. In accordance with the code of conduct we will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing.

Ethics

Physics and Astronomy Reports adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.- Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.- The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.- The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.- Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.- Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.- The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.- In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.- If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.- In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/E65C2E80492F448F95D495CDB74CC812" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form.</a> The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor-in-Chief to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.  Editor-in-chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by editor-in-chief  upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor in chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.-  Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?-  Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?-  Is the problem significant and concisely stated?-  Are the methods described comprehensively?-  Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?-  Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?-  Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

1. The publication language of the journal is English2. Authors are required to submit <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/D59285C03ADA4B5F9867BE07C4EA7F5E" target="_blank" style="font-size: 10pt;">Copyright Agreement Form</a>, <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/288888B9E9DB4149A23C9EC50B2465B7" target="_blank" style="font-size: 10pt;">Author Form</a> and <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/A870A717215D44F8B614E961BAAA5E3A" target="_blank" style="font-size: 10pt;">Title Page</a> together with the main manuscript document3. Manuscripts should be prepared using the article template in Latex format4. Due to double-blind peer review, the main manuscript document must not include any author information.5. Title page should be submitted together with the main manuscript document and should include the information below:<ul><li style="text-align: justify;">Category of the manuscript</li><li style="text-align: justify;">The title of the manuscript.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addresses, and ORCIDs.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Information of the corresponding author (in addition to the author's information e-mail address, open correspondence address, and mobile phone number).</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Financial support</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Conflict of interest.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Acknowledgment.</li></ul>6. Submitted manuscripts should have an abstract of 300 words before the introduction, summarizing the scope, the purpose, the results of the study, and the methodology used. Under the abstract, a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 6 keywords that inform the reader about the content of the study should be specified.7. The manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords; sections, references, tables and figures. The main text of research articles should include introduction, methods, results, discussion, conclusion and references subheadings.8. Tables and figures should be given with a number and a caption. Every Figure or Table should be referred within the text of the article in numerical order with no abbreviations (ie: Table 1, Figure 1)9. References should be prepared in line with Harvard reference system. For information: <a href="https://www.easybib.com/guides/citation-guides/harvard-referencing/" target="_blank" style="font-size: 10pt;">https://www.easybib.com/guides/citation-guides/harvard-referencing/</a>10. Authors are responsible for all statements made in their work submitted to the journal for publication.

Author Guidelines

Physics and Astronomy Reports complies with Harvard system for referencing and in-text citations. For information: <a href="https://www.easybib.com/guides/citation-guides/harvard-referencing/" target="">https://www.easybib.com/guides/citation-guides/harvard-referencing/</a>  Accuracy of citations is the author’s responsibility. All references should be cited in the text. It is strongly recommended that authors may use Reference Management Software such as Zotero, Mendeley, etc.

Please ensure the following:<ul><li style="text-align: justify;">The title page has been prepared according to the journal rules.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">The manuscript has not been submitted to any other journal.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">The manuscript was checked in terms of English.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">The manuscript was written by paying attention to the full-text writing rules determined by the journal.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">The manuscript has an abstract of 300 words and 3-6 keywords. </li><li style="text-align: justify;">The references are in line with Harvard reference system.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">The Copyright Agreement Form has been filled in and ready for submission together with the manuscript.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">The Author Contribution Form has been  filled in and ready for submission together with the manuscript.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Permission of previously published copyrighted material (text-picture-table) has been obtained if used in the present manuscript.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Ethics Committee Report (if necessary) has been obtained and ready for submission  together with the manuscript, and the ethics committee report date and number have been given in the manuscript text.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Reviewing journal policies.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">All authors have read and approved the latest version of the manuscript.</li></ul>

<ul><li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/C116591FC2D4432DA3A8AFA60052291C" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form​</a></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/5907211410DE47BB85FC7187864FEC8B" target="_blank">Author Form</a></li><li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/3109BA50D9E945BA80B1A976D374E2DA" target="_blank">Title Page</a></li></ul>

Period	Biannually
Editor	Elif Akalın
Physics and Astronomy Reports is an open-access, peer-reviewed and international journal published semiannually in June and December. The journal is an official online-only publication of Faculty of Science, İstanbul University. It aims to contribute to the scientific knowledge in the fields of physics and astronomy. The publication language of the journal is English. Articles submitted to Physics and Astronomy Reports are subject to a double-blind peer-review evaluation system. Physics and Astronomy Reports is the successor of the previously published title: “İstanbul University Science Faculty The Journal of Mathematics Physics and Astronomy,” founded in 1916, the oldest and most established journal of Istanbul University. The journal targets international and national communities. Target audience of the journal includes academicians, researchers, professionals, students, and related professional and academic bodies and institutions. Processing and publication are free of charge wi read more

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