Tıp Bilişimi

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DOI :10.26650/B/ET07.2021.003.08   IUP :10.26650/B/ET07.2021.003.08    Tam Metin (PDF)

Biyoenformatik

Orçun Taşar, Çiğdem Erol

Biyoloji, moleküler biyoloji, biyoteknoloji ve genetik gibi alanlarda yapılan çalışmalarda hızlı ve büyük miktarlardaki veri üretimi ve akışı, yüksek hesaplamalı yöntemlerin gerekliliğini doğurmuştur. Toplanan bu büyük boyutlu verinin organize edilmesi, formatlanması, saklanabilmesi ve yetkili kişilerce erişilebilir ve paylaşılabilir olması gerekmektedir. Tüm bunların yanında, dolaşımda bulunan büyük biyolojik verinin hızlı bir şekilde işlenip analiz edilerek tutarlı ve güvenilir sonuçların elde edilmesinin önemi de yadsınamazdır. İnsan Genom Projesi ile tetiklenen veri üretim hızındaki yükseliş ile birlikte biyolojik süreçlere dair bildiklerimizin sayısı artarken aynı zamanda bilmediklerimizin miktarının da artması, laboratuvarlarda üretilen verinin tek başına bir ‘cevap’ olmadığını göstermektedir. Verinin interdisipliner metodolijilerle yönetilmesi de en az verinin üretilmesi kadar sürecin önemli bir parçasıdır. Bu noktada biyoloji temelli disiplinler ile matematik, istatistik ve bilgisayar bilimlerinin kesişiminde duran biyoenformatik alanı dahilinde son yetmiş yılda geliştirilen metodolojiler bahsi geçen problem ve ihtiyaçların çözümünde günümüzde sıklıkla kullanılır hale gelmiştir. Dünyada ve ülkemizdeki çeşitli üniversitelerde biyoenformatik eğitimi veren lisansüstü programlar açılmış vaziyettedir. Sadece biyoenformatik alanında gerçekleştirilen çalışmaların yayınlandığı bilimsel dergilerin sayısı da gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bilimsel çevredeki bu dönüşüm, bu alanda şimdiye kadar geliştirilmiş tekniklerin daha ileriye taşınmasını sağlamaktadır. Kısa proteinlerin amino asit dizilimlerinin saptanması ihtiyacı ile doğan biyoenformatik artık çok daha karmaşık problemlerin çözülmesinde bilim ve tıp dünyasına yardımcı olmakta, aynı zamanda bu alan dahilinde oluşturulan enformasyonla birlikte toplumun da etik ve sosyo kültürel anlamda dönüşmesini sağlamaktadır. Bu kitap bölümünde, biyoenformatiğin ne olduğu, hangi aşamalardan geçerek günümüzdeki halini aldığı ve ne tip uygulama ve veritabanları ile hangi araştırmalarda kullanıldığından bahsedilerek sağlık üzerindeki etkisi ve gelecekte biyoenformatik ile şekillenecek biyoloji ve tıp dünyası tartışılmıştır.


Anahtar Kelimeler: Biyoenformatik, moleküler biyoloji, enformatik, bilgisayar bilimleri, insan genom projesi, yeni nesil dizileme, büyük veri
DOI :10.26650/B/ET07.2021.003.08   IUP :10.26650/B/ET07.2021.003.08    Tam Metin (PDF)

Bioinformatics

Orçun Taşar, Çiğdem Erol

The rapid and large amount of data generation and flow in fields such as biology, molecular biology, biotechnology, and genetics have led to the necessity of high computational methods. These collected large-scale data need to be organized, formatted, stored, accessed, and shared by authorized persons. In addition to all these steps, the importance of obtaining consistent and reliable results by rapidly processing and analyzing the large biological data that are in circulation is undeniable. With the increase in the speed of data generation triggered by the Human Genome Project, the amount of what we know about the biological processes along with the amount of what we do not know has increased. This phenomenon indicates that the data produced in laboratories is not an “answer” alone. Managing the data with interdisciplinary methodologies is an important part of the process as much as producing the data. At this point, the methodologies developed in the last seven decades within the field of bioinformatics, which stands at the intersection of biology-based disciplines, mathematics, statistics, and computer sciences, have become frequently used today in solving the aforementioned problems and needs. Postgraduate programs that provide bioinformatics education have been offered by various universities in the world and in our country. The number of scientific journals in which only bioinformatics studies are published is increasing every day. This transformation in the scientific environment enables the techniques developed so far in this field to be carried forward. Bioinformatics, which emerged with the need to determine the amino acid sequences of short proteins, now helps the science and medicine world in solving much more complex problems. At the same time, it enables the society to transform in ethical and sociocultural terms with the information it creates. This section discusses the world of biology and medicine that will be shaped by bioinformatics in the future by mentioning what bioinformatics is, what stages it has taken to become its current form, and what types of applications and databases it uses in which type of research works.


Anahtar Kelimeler: ioinformatics, molecular biology, informatics, computer science, human genome project, nextgeneration sequencing, big data

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İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, uluslararası yayıncılık standartları ve etiğine uygun olarak, yüksek kalitede bilimsel dergi ve kitapların yayınlanmasıyla giderek artan bilimsel bilginin yayılmasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları açık erişimli, ticari olmayan, bilimsel yayıncılığı takip etmektedir.