Burak

Prof.

Nilgün

Assist. Prof.

Testing Linear and Nonlinear Relationships Between Foreign Direct  Investment and Fossil Energy Consumption in Fragile Five Countries

Gonca

Industrialization, the burning of fossil fuels, the unconscious use of resources, and the destruction of forests have resulted in the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and in the long run, climate change on a global scale and ultimately the climate crisis due to the greenhouse effect. It has revealed that the takemake-use-dispose linear economy shaped by today’s production and consumption patterns can no longer meet the needs of modern society. The gradual exhaustion of unlimited resources has made access to raw materials incredibly hard, and rising environmental pollution and climate change have pushed countries to embark on a new quest. One of the new ways of searching is the circular economy as a sustainable production/consumption model. The circular economy operates differently from the linear economy in the traditional structure. By combining sustainability, resource efficiency, and life cycle, it emerges as a new production and consumption model. To overcome this situation, the circular economy has emerged as an alternative model to the traditional linear economy. It has revealed that the linear economy approach is dependent on resource exploitation and aims to separate economic growth from primary resource dependence in order to overcome this situation. The circular economy can be defined as the efficient use of resources while keeping resources in continuous feedback loops. Resource efficiency, which is about doing more with less, is addressed in a resource-efficient European roadmap report of the EU as ‘improving economic performance while reducing pressure on natural resources (EC, 2011). Similarly, the United Nations (2010) defined resource efficiency as ‘consuming less material and producing more welfare while respecting the world’s ecological carrying capacity. As can be seen from these two definitions, it is emphasized that economic performance and welfare should be maintained with fewer natural resources, in other words, the implementation and realization of steps following the principle of resource efficiency. In this context, in the empirical phase of the study, resource efficiency is the dependent variable, GDP per capita is used to represent economic growth as the independent variable, the share of environmental taxes in GDP, the share of R&amp;D expenditures in GDP, the recycling rate of municipal waste, energy efficiency variables 26 European Union (EU) countries taken into account in terms of a country group. The data set has been observed annually and covers the period 2001-2019, depending on the availability of the data. Panel data analysis, which is commonly used in country modeling, was used as a method in the study. According to the results obtained in the study, it is seen that the coefficients of environmental taxes, R&amp;D expenditures, recycling of municipal waste, and energy efficiency variables are significant, and these variables have positive effects on resource efficiency. GDP variable has a negative impact on resource efficiency. This is the first study in the literature to include resource efficiency as a dependent variable in the analysis of circular economy studies.

Döngüsel Bir Ekonomide Kaynak Verimliliğini Hangi Faktörler  Etkiler? Bir Panel Veri Regresyon Analizi

Çiğdem

Lecturer

As stated in the World Bank (2020) report, financial development involves the development of the size, efficiency, and stability of financial markets, with increased access to financial markets having many economic advantages. Basically, developing the financial sector involves overcoming the costs that arise in the financial system. One important aspect of financial development is to ensure that poor and vulnerable groups have access to finances. Thus, risk management is facilitated by reducing the vulnerability these groups have to shocks as a result of financial expansion, with poverty and inequality being reduced by increasing investments and productivity that result in higher incomes. In this context, financial development is an important economic concept. Since the 2007-2008 financial crisis in particular, income inequality has increased in many countries. This situation has also prompted governments to seek alternatives in fiscal policies and to increase the interest in financial development. New approaches have emerged on this subject as a result of all these developments. Naceur and Zhang (2016) stated the main innovation to be how financial development can be explained through the subdimensions of access, stability, depth, liberalization, and efficiency, which represent different aspects and have important effects on income inequality.This paper aims to investigate the relationship between the variable sets for financial development and income inequality by using these subdimensions and to identify the variables in both sets that contribute the most to the inter-set correlations for 41 developed and developing countries (i.e., Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominical Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mauritius, Myanmar, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Thailand, Turkey, Uruguay, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, Croatia, Hungary, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Slovenia, Switzerland, Iceland, Canada, Italy, Ireland, United Kingdom) using a canonical correlation analysis. The reasons for using a canonical correlation analysis are its important place among statistical analysis methods and its ability to reveal the relationship between two datasets. As mentioned earlier the paper determined which proxy&nbsp;variables express financial development and income inequality based on Naceur and Zhang’s (2016) study. In addition, financial development was initially intended to be explained through the five subdimensions of access, depth, efficiency, stability, and external liberalization. However, the depth subdimension was excluded from the study due to insufficient data from 2017. The remaining subdimensions are explained respectively through the number of ATMs per 100,000 adults, net interest margin, ratio of regulatory capital to risk-weighted assets, and ratio of consolidated foreign claims of BIS (Bank for International Settlements) reporting banks to GDP. The variables of Gini coefficient and poverty gap index are used to explain income inequality. The data for 2017 were obtained from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Financial Access Survey, Global Financial Development Database, and World Development Indicators, and the data published on these sites were decisive in determining which year to study.The results from the study show financial development to be highly related to income inequality. However, according to the results from the Mardia multivariable normality test, the datasets for the variables are not normally distributed. Therefore, the study has only taken into consideration structural correlations. As much as is currently known, this study contributes to the existing empirical literature in how it explains the relationship between financial development and income inequality through the use of a canonical correlation analysis. Furthermore, the Gini coefficient has been noted to be the most significant indicator of income inequality variable set. In addition, net interest margin is seen to have a greater effect on financial development than the other variables. As noted in Angori et al.’s (2019) study, net interest margin is seen to measure both bank health and efficiency regarding traditional deposit storage and lending activities. As a result, positive developments in the net interest margin will also positively affect financial development, thus increasing the income of the poor and the use of economic opportunities, as well as narrowing income inequality in both developed and developing countries.

Finansal Gelişme ve Gelir Eşitsizliği Arasındaki İlişkinin Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler İçin Araştırılması: Kanonik Korelasyon Analizi Uygulaması

Nadide

The degree to which the inputs are used effectively in current production technology is determined by the production function, which shows the functional relationship between the output and inputs used in production. Converting inputs into output takes place under a specific production technology. The maximum output obtained under a specific input composition or the minimum input composition needed to achieve a specific output level determines the upper frontier of production possibilities. Economic units produce at or below this frontier. Technical efficiency is achieved when the input-output composition defined by the production function is located at a point on the production frontier. Technical inefficiency is defined as a situation where a difference occurs between the maximum output values of the production technology and the actual observed production values, with the coefficient of technical efficiency taking values between 0 and 1 otherwise. A country’s inefficiency and production losses increase as this value approaches 0, while a value of 1 indicates that the country is producing at the production frontier and using its full production potential. Economic units produce at a technically inefficient point and so cannot use their current potential effectively. In this case, production losses are experienced, and production being able to be increased by activating this potential. Technical efficiency and the capacity to absorb the existing technology of economies is an essential factor that increases the speed of catching up with developed economies with high per capita income. However, achieving the potential level of output contained in the production technology (i.e., increasing technical efficiency) is subject to countries’ limitations in absorbing existing technology.This study aims to estimate the efficiency of using the available resources and technology of BRICS-T countries. In this context, the production limit is modelled using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) within the scope of a panel dataset consisting of six countries for the period of 1990-2019. The production frontier and technical inefficiency determinants are estimated by a one-stage method. In addition, the technical inefficiency and the variances related to technical inefficiency and statistical error in the model are defined as a function of the variables of countries’ populations and export-import ratios. The study has determined that these variables do not significantly affect technical inefficiency but do have a significant effect on the variances related to technical inefficiency and the statistical error term. The results show the average level of technical efficiency during the analysis period to be 91% and countries to have lost 9% of their potential output. Turkey was determined to have ranked first and Russia last in terms of the average coefficient of technical efficiency for countries during the analyzed period, with Turkey’s production loss due to inefficiency being 3.4% and Russia’s was 23.3%. Meanwhile, technical efficiency decreased an average of 0.064% annually during the analysis period. The other countries experienced efficiency losses during the analysis period, while Russia’s technical efficiency increased by 0.74%. According to the study results, Russia’s compliance with the current level of technology, therefore, increased during the analysis period and its production losses due to inefficiency decreased.This finding indicates that the BRICS-T countries’ adaptation to existing technologies to have gradually decreased, and production losses due to inefficiency to have increased. The production losses due to inefficiency as well as the efficiency decreases observed during the analysis period, show an important opportunity to exist for economies to use their potential more effectively in terms of sustainable economic growth. The countries’ performances regarding to adapting to technologies require educational processes involving new technologies being learned and taught, as well as precise, predictable social, political, and economic structures.&nbsp;

Teknik Etkinsizlik Kaynaklı Üretim Kayıpları: BRICS-T Ülkeleri  Örneğinde Bir Panel Veri Analizi

Ndilo

Leonard

Jerita

Semi-Parametric Modeling of Churn Confounding Competing Risks Using Time-Dependent Covariates Among Mobile Phone Subscribers in Kenya

Batuhan

Res. Assist.

Coşkun

Res. Assist. Dr.

Erhan

Although countries’ development levels are often associated with economic indicators, many different factors are found to affect their level of development. The methods used to determine countries’ development levels differ by organization (e.g., United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund), and thus countries may show different levels of development, with the literature showing statistical methods such as machine learning, artificial neural networks, multiple discriminant analysis, and regression analysis to have been used to predict countries’ development levels.Machine learning is the art of making future predictions from data using statistical algorithms. Machine learning methods train a model using part of the data as training data and then tests the performance of the proposed model using the remaining data (i.e., test data). In this way, the accuracy of a produced model is tested on test data the model has never seen before. Studies are found to have used machine learning and econometric methods to classify countries’ development levels, just as has been done in many areas.This study developed a machine learning model that predicts the development levels for 193 countries using the World Development Indicator’s 2019 dataset. The dependent variable of the model has been classified as high income ($12,535 or more a year per capita ), upper middle income (from $4,046-$12,535), lower middle income ($1,035- $4,046), and low income (Less than $1,035). The groups in this classification were determined according to the World Bank’s Atlas Method, which they use to estimate the size of economies in terms of gross national income a year per capita in US dollars. The World Bank uses the Atlas conversion factor instead of simple exchange rates when calculating gross national income (GNI—formerly GNP) in US dollars for certain operational and analytical purposes. The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the effect of exchange rate fluctuations caused by inflation when comparing national incomes between countries. The Atlas conversion factor for any given year is the average of a country’s exchange rate for that year and the exchange rates for the previous two years, adjusted for the difference between the inflation rate in the country and international inflation. The independent variables are made up of the 26 variables obtained from the World Development Indicators (WDI) database that can be associated with countries’ development levels. These variables are related to health, industry, economy, agriculture, and technology. The study uses the decision tree and random forest machine learning methods. The results this study obtains will reveal the characteristics of countries that are at different development levels, as well as which variables affect them the most.The data set used in the machine learning algorithms has been divided into 80% training and 20% test data. The decision tree and random forest algorithms were then applied to the data set. When considering the accuracy rates of both methods, the decision tree is seen to have a 65% accuracy rate, while the random forest has 70%. This shows the countries’ development levels to have been classified correctly at a rate of 70%. When examining the correct classification rates for each income group, all the countries in the high income group are seen to have been correctly classified, while the accuracy of the classifications in the low, lower middle, and high middle groups can be said to range between approximately 65%-97%. This may be due to the effects changes have on countries in the lower income groups. In addition, the study has included values for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, prevalence, detection rate, detection prevalence, and balanced accuracy in order to show the classification of the categories of developmental levels.The data set used in the machine learning algorithms has been divided into 80% training and 20% test data. The decision tree and random forest algorithms were then applied to the data set. When considering the accuracy rates of both methods, the decision tree is seen to have a 65% accuracy rate, while the random forest has 70%. This shows the countries’ development levels to have been classified correctly at a rate of 70%. When examining the correct classification rates for each income group, all the countries in the high income group are seen to have been correctly classified, while the accuracy of the classifications in the low, lower middle, and high middle groups can be said to range between approximately 65%-97%. This may be due to the effects changes have on countries in the lower income groups. In addition, the study has included values for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, prevalence, detection rate, detection prevalence, and balanced accuracy in order to show the classification of the categories of developmental levels.

Ülkelerin Gelişmişlik Düzeylerinin Karar Ağacı ve Rastgele Orman Yöntemleriyle Tahmin Edilmesi

Deniz

The Impact of News Related Covid-19 on Exchange Rate Volatility: A New Evidence From Generalized Autoregressive Score Model

Seda

Gözde

Assoc. Prof.

Özüm

Why Can Smes Not Adopt Green Innovation? An Assessment Via Fuzzy ISM-MICMAC-DEMATEL

Ahmet

Gökhan

Health indicators are also used to evaluate a nation’s level of development and well-being, in addition to economic indicators. The infant mortality rates of the most commonly used countries are one of these indicators. Infant mortality rates, accepted as a component of the physical quality of life index, are an essential indicator of a country’s health and development level. Therefore, research conducted by considering these and similar health indicators help to make inferences about the country, community, or region under consideration, as it shows good public health and quality. In this study, the determinants of infant mortality were examined with the data of 2019 for NUTS-2 for Turkey. For this purpose, the spatial regression approach was used to include the spatial interaction between regions in the modeling process.The number of women who gave birth under the age of 15 (yas15), the Gini coefficient (gini), the percentage of women over the age of 15 participating in the workforce (isgucu), the total number of hospital beds per hundred thousand people (kbyatak), number of primary school graduate women aged 15 and over (ilkokul) and number of high school graduate women aged 15 and over (lise) were included in the model as independent variables.The spatial weight matrix allows the spatial regression approach to integrating spatial effects into the model. In the study, row standardization was used along with the development of a spatial weight matrix based on rook contiguity. In the first step, the OLS model was estimated, and the existence of spatial autocorrelation in errors was investigated with the Moran-I test. According to the results of the OLS model, only isgucu was statistically significant. When the regional distribution of bebekol is examined on the map, it is thought that there may be a spatial interaction since it is observed that there are clusters. In this respect, the Moran-I test was applied to the residuals of the OLS model in the first step to determine the spatial autocorrelation. According to the test result, positive spatial autocorrelation was found in the residuals.LM tests were used to select the suitable model. As a result of the test, it was decided that the suitable model was the SEM model. The variables that were statistically insignificant in the OLS model then started to become significant in the estimated SEM model. The spatial error parameter λ is statistically significant. In addition, since the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) is lower in the SEM model, it is concluded that the performance of this model is better. Finally, when the significance of the spatial error parameter was tested with the Likelihood Ratio (LR) test, it was confirmed that it should be included in the model.According to the SEM model, a 1% increase in the number of women who gave birth under the age of 15, the Gini coefficient, and the number of primary school graduate women caused an increase of 0.124%, 0.803%, and 0.647%, respectively. Although the 1% increase in the number of high school graduate women seems to cause an increase of 0.316% in infant mortality, it can be said that there is a decrease in infant mortality rates by about half when compared to the number of primary school graduates. The 1% increase in isgucu and kbyatak variables causes a 0.852% and 0.616% decrease in infant mortality, respectively. The spatial error term coefficient is 0.866 and is statistically significant.When the SEM model’s findings are considered generally, it is clear that income inequality between regions is the main cause of an increase in infant mortality. Another factor is the mother’s education level. There is a decrease in infant mortality with the increase in education level. On the other hand, the increase in the number of women giving birth under the age of 15 causes an increase in infant mortality. In this respect, by supporting women in their education, pregnancies under the age of 15 can be prevented, and regional development can be achieved through qualified participation in the labor market. Thus, it is possible to observe decreases in regional income inequality as regions grow. Therefore, it is evident from this research that increasing the mother’s academic achievement is crucial for reducing infant mortality. Moreover, improving the health system and conditions through investments in the health sector will similarly reduce infant mortality.&nbsp;

Mekânsal Ekonometri Analizi ile Türkiye’de Bölgeler Arası Bebek  Ölüm Oranı Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Mete

Gökalp

Elifsu

Burcu

For successful diffusion in a country, innovative retail chains must establish a competitive position by creating better value for consumers who adapt to changing social, economic, and technical conditions by adjusting their shopping trips and shopping baskets (Burt et al., 2003; Kim, 2008; Matusitz &amp; Forrester, 2009; Matusitz &amp; Leanza, 2009). Consumers adapt to maintain their living standards under changing conditions, and a better understanding of the temporal behavioral changes of spatially segregated consumer groups will open the way for econometric studies that can inform what strategic decisions would help successfully develop and diffuse innovative store formats (Hernández &amp; Bennison, 2000).Spatial data currently exist in abundance, and new computing systems have also become available that facilitate the dynamic examination of spatial retail potentials. Interest in such applications has also grown in Türkiye, where fast-moving consumer good (FMCG) expenditures take second place in household budget expenditures, mainly due to rising competition since 2010. However, the literature has thoroughly criticized the insufficiency of existing business intelligence applications regarding their theoretical foundations, as well as their relevance to empirical findings (Newing et al., 2013). Another limitation arises from data confidentiality, as retail chains do not reveal individual outlet revenues. As an emerging market economy, Türkiye also appears to have some special conditions that must be considered (Franz et al., 2013; Franz &amp; Hassler, 2011; Hökelekli et al., 2017). A better understanding using exploratory spatial studies will open the way for econometric studies to provide better information about strategic decisions, thus allowing faster diffusion of innovative retail formats in emerging markets.The potentials arising from socioeconomic status groups in particular locations also have particular interest. While the local real estate markets and transport infrastructure in these localities dictate the limits for consumer shopping trips and the size of shopping baskets on one hand, on the other, they also limit the available space innovative retail outlets can exploit. These particular situations must be empirically studied, as they may impose significant barriers against the successful diffusion of retail formats and consumer coping behaviors. This article demonstrates that specific demand pattens for discount markets in specific locations can be explored by utilizing parallel geographic information systems and computing platforms, as well as secondary quantitative data alongside primary qualitative data.Within this scope, the study first determines the demand from middle- and lowerincome households for FMCGs originating from residential areas in Istanbul, using both Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) household income statistics as well as derived spatial data regarding the precise location of certain socioeconomic status groups within district bazaar basins. The study then employs the Maptriks Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Engine, which allows 10 to 100 times faster calculation speeds with respect to traditional GIS algorithms by utilizing parallel hardware and parallel computing approaches, in order to identify the spatial borders of district bazaar shopping basins within 750 meters of walking distance through origin-destination matrices within the scope of a city with a population of 15 million people. This also allows how many discount markets are located within these basins to be identified. By making use of public company data regarding the annual change of average shopping baskets and primary qualitative data, this article establishes a structure for studying change in demand, deterministically calculating the average number of target households’ weekly planned and unplanned shopping trips with respect to expendable income on FMCGs. The study then calculates the potential demand in shopping basins per discount market. Using officially announced data, the comparisons reveal the method to have been successful. The study’s findings have the potential to guide and inform statistical and econometric business intelligence applications with regard to evaluating strategic development and diffusion innovative retail formats in Türkiye and other similar countries.

İstanbul’da Hızlı Tüketim Malları Alışveriş Ziyaretleri Ve İndirim Market Cirolarındaki Değişime Dair Sayısal - Mekansal Keşfedici Bir İnceleme

Hatice

Özlem

Having occurred throughout humanity’s history, migrations involve social movement closely related to societies and can result in various sociological, psychological, and economic issues. Individuals’ desire to live a better life is the most basic reason for migration. While individuals want the right to a better life, their reasons for migration can be voluntary or compulsory. Reasons such as war, natural disasters, and economic crises are among the factors that force individuals to migrate en masse. In particular, individuals who have to migrate in large groups may cause various social, political, economic, cultural, and religious problems wherever they go. In order to not cause these problems, policymakers must ensure the establishment of a sound balance between the local people and the immigrants.Throughout history, the issue of migration has emerged as a social phenomenon concerning all societies. The social, political, economic, religious, and cultural order that changes as a result of migration closely affects not only the immigrants but also the local people in the receiving countries. The immigration problem has also grown alongside the increasing world population with mass migrations having had greater impacts on societies.The history of Türkiye, its geopolitical position, the immigration policies it has followed as a Muslim country, and other similar factors have led to intense immigration over the past years. Wars and conflicts in some countries in recent years, in particular those in such countries as Syria, Afghanistan, and Ukraine along Türkiye’s land and maritime borders, have increased the number of individuals migrating to Türkiye. The high number of incoming immigrants has caused local people to react and decreased their tolerance toward immigrants.Türkiye is undoubtedly one of the countries to be greatly impacted by mass migration movements and has been receiving large volumes of immigrants. The high increase in the number of immigrants in Türkiye has caused the produced policies to become insufficient, necessitating the production of new policies regarding immigrants. As a result, problems have been determined to exist between the local people and immigrants from time to time, with locals’ tolerance toward immigrants having decreased.This study first evaluates how to classify individuals living in Türkiye in terms of tolerance toward immigrants using latent class analysis. According to the obtained results, individuals are divided into three classes: tolerant, intolerant, and undecided. The next stage of the study used multinomial logistic regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between the likelihood of a person being in any of these three classes and their gender, age, education level, income level, employment status, level of religious beliefs, and political views. The variables of employment status, income level, religiosity, and political opinion were observed to have a significant in terms of which of the three classes an individual would be found. A correspondence analysis was employed to evaluate the determinants affecting locals’ tolerance levels in detail, particularly in terms of education. According to the findings, education level affects tolerance toward immigrants, which is in line with the information in the literature. As a result of the analysis, the study determined age to have no effect on tolerance toward immigrants.

Türkiye’de Göçmenlere Yönelik Hoşgörüyü Etkileyen Dinamiklerin İstatistiksel Analizlerle Değerlendirilmesi

Münevver

Prof. Dr.

Ünal

Many programming languages are used in the world of data science. Some of these languages are very fast but difficult to learn and code, while others are very easy to write code for but have a very slow code speed. This is known in the literature as the two-language problem, and Julia is one programming language that aims to overcome this problem.With regard to the field of data science, Python is mostly used in the business world, while R is more used in the academic world. Despite being a general programming language, Julia is also one of the strongest languages used in the field of data science and is even considered to be the future of scientific computing and scientific data analysis.&nbsp;&nbsp;Julia (Bezanson et al., 2017) is a relatively new programming language that was first released in 2012 and aims to be both easy and fast compared to other programming languages. Julia has been described as working like C while reading like Python (Perkel, 2019). Julia is a dynamically typed language, which means that the type of variable is not specified when declared but rather determined while in operation. Julia can easily process large amounts of data and calculations, and manipulating, creating, and prototyping code are very easy in Julia. Julia is known for its speed and ability to easily interface with other programming languages. This makes it a popular choice for data science and machine learning applications. Julia is also one of the rare programming languages grouped with C, C++, and Fortran in the in the Petaflop Club, these languages having been able to achieve the highest performances in excess of one petaflop per second.Julia is an MIT-certified, open-source programming language. While it operates as a general-purpose language for use in any application development, many of its features are customized for numerical analysis and data science. In other words, Julia is a high-level programming language designed for use in numerical and scientific computing. Therefore, Julia offers a high success rate for numerical computational operations. In addition to these, Julia’s syntax has a distributed (parallel) processing facility and large library of mathematical functions, similar to programming languages such as Python and Ruby. Julia is also at the forefront of many other computational fields such as data science, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and statistics.Julia is newer compared to other programming languages. This suggests that learning about Julia and its programming language ecosystem will be difficult due to the small amount of knowledge and number of users involved in the language. On the other hand, difficulties may exist in terms of where to start or how to install and use different packages in relation to the programming language. For this reason, this article aims to introduce Julia as the newest programming language and to compare it with other programming languages used in statistics and data science. This article&nbsp;additionally aims to help researchers learn about Julia, especially those interested in statistics and data science, and choose the most suitable language for them.Julia’s most important features are its speed, performance, and ease of use. It has been designed to perform like C++, have the general programming ability of Python, and the statistical power of R. One of Julia’s outstanding is its ability to use code written in other programming languages such as Python, R, Java, and C with the help of packages such as PyCall, RCall, and JavaCall. In this way, codes written in these languages can be referenced and executed in Julia. Meanwhile, for those who want to learn Julia, many printed and online resources exist that are being rapidly developed for teaching the basic features of this language, although this number is still not as high as for other languages. However, due to being a new programming language, Julia can also be said to have technical disadvantages: Similar to more established high-level languages such as Python, Julia requires a little more development to become more stable.Ultimately, coding languages are simply tools, and as tools change and develop, they can be widely used for a time before eventually losing popularity and becoming obsolete. Therefore, focusing on the fundamentals of the field of science (i.e., the domain knowledge for statistics and data science) and most importantly how to apply them would be more important than giving too much focus to the tools used. Whether one knows how to code in Python, R, or Julia, if they lack proficiency in data science or statistics and don't know how to identify the problem or how to ask the right questions, then one’s knowledge of coding simply won’t do much good. In contrast, having a good foundation in statistics and data science will facilitate one’s ability to learn any programming language.

Veri Bilimi İçin Yeni Bir Programlama Dili: Julia

Ebru

Merve

Health Econometrics Research: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1991 to 2020

Buse

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the whole world, and the past global crises have caused significant financial effects, leading some companies to financial crises. As a result of these financial crises, companies have developed various models to avoid financial difficulties. A number of financial failure prediction methods have been developed to predict and combat these financial difficulties in a timely and effective manner, and the issue of companies’ ability to overcome financial distress (i.e., to return to a successful position) has become the focus. The models used to estimate financial failure are widely used in accounting and finance research. These models allow company managers to determine whether they are in financial distress, as well as take precautions and direct investors.Financial reports are taken as a basis in determining companies’ financial positions. However, environmental events such as global warming and climate change have shown the economic perspective to be insufficient at determining the limits on the planet. Sustainable living will become possible by integrating economic and ecological information as a requirement of eco-social transformations. In addition to protecting their financial position, companies need to publish sustainability reports that declare their sensitivity and responsibility to environmental changes, as these reports will reveal the precautions companies need to take against changing environmental conditions, as well as their need to adopt more environmentally friendly approaches from the production stage to the final consumer. In line with this, the need for non-financial reports in addition to financial reports is thought to have led to the emergence of the concept of sustainability reporting.The study first theoretically explains sustainability accounting, the reporting and measurement parameters, the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB), the concept of financial failure, and the models used to predict financial failure.&nbsp;Afterward, the study will begin the implementation phase. The article has selected the transportation sector from among the 11 sectors included in SASB and accessed the data of 40 out of 43 companies in the transportation sector. The analysis is based on the five-year financial reports these companies published between 2016-2020. However, one company was not taken into consideration as it hadn’t been founded until 2017. The study then examined the annual reports of the remaining 39 companies, applying the logit and probit statistical models for estimating financial failure. Financial statements were selected from among the economic key performance indicators (KPIs) in order to analyze the relationship between the companies’ SASB KPI scores and the likelihood of financial failure.The study has determined the companies that can be included in the scope of financial failure, as well as the dependent and independent variables. The study calculated marginal effects to express the variables’ effects as percentages. According to the dependent variable of suffering losses for two consecutive years, the coefficients for the short-term liabilities / total liabilities (X3) and net profit / total assets (X6) in the logit and probit models were determined to be significant in terms of accounting. According to the dependent variable of which net working capital is negative, the coefficient for (current assets – inventories) / short-term liabilities (X4) in the logit and probit models was seen to be significant in terms of accounting. According to the dependent variable of 10% loss in amount of assets, the coefficient for (current assets – inventories) / short-term liabilities (X4) in the logit and probit models was determined to be significant in terms of accounting. According to the dependent variable of liabilities / assets, the coefficients for short-term liabilities / total liabilities (X3) and net profit / total assets (X6) in the logit and probit models were found to be significant in terms of accounting.

Finansal Başarısızlık ve KPI Puanları Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi: SASB Ulaşım Sektöründe Bir Uygulama

Hilal

The Effect of Psychological Empowerment on Employee  Performance: The Mediating Role of Psychological Ownership

@JOURNAL_BOX_CURRENT

@JOURNAL_BOX_EARLYVIEW

Tuğba

Gökçe

Nowadays, there are many investment tools in the financial markets to assess the savings of individual investors. The diversity of investment instruments in the market makes it difficult for investors to make decisions about evaluating savings. Furthermore, developments and uncertainties in the economy affect the individual investor’s investment decision. In the economy, individuals use part of their income for consumption expenditures and savings. Individuals who make savings are evaluated byvarious investment instruments in order to make a profit. In this process, the main objective of investors is to obtain the highest return with minimum risk. Investors evaluate their savings in investment instruments with a certain expectation of return. The existence of many investment instruments in the economy reveals the issue of which investment instrument the investor should use. A balanced distribution of investor accumulation in multiple investment instruments instead of a single investment instrument will provide protection against fluctuations in the markets. Throughout the history of finance, studies have been conducted on how markets affect individual investment preferences. Investors follow the political, economic and social situations in the markets to make the right investment decision. There are many investment tools for transferring the idle resources to the financial system. Financial investment instruments provide the opportunity for individuals who make savings to protect their capital and earn money. For this reason, financial decisions are important in the efficient functioning of the market. All future financial decisions include uncertainty. The uncertainty of the future makes investors’ decision difficult. The financial decisions of investors who wish to use their savings in various investment instruments are important in the efficient management of funds in the economy. Decisions have a significant impact on financial markets. Monetary loss or profit as a result of the investment makes it difficult for investors to make decisions. Individual investors aim to achieve the highest risk with the lowest risk in financial investment decisions. If the risk of a financial investment instrument is high, the expectation of high return on this investment instrument increases. Traditional finance theories are based on the principle that individuals make decisions by acting rationally. Individual investors make a rational choice of financial investment instruments in their investment decisions and strive for maximum return on their savings. Since investors are rational, they analyze decisions in financial investment instruments rationally. However, in this process, the investor encounters many factors affecting the investment decision in the market. The decisions taken affect the outcome of the investment either positively or negatively. Therefore, the evaluation of the criteria affecting the investment decision has been included in many academic researches.&nbsp;In this study, the importance of the criteria affecting the investment decisions of the investors trading in financial markets is analyzed. The aim of this study is to compare the criteria that the financial investment decision makers take into consideration in the decision-making process. The criteria included in the study; Global Markets, Domestic Financial Indicators, Investment Instrument Characteristics and Analysis Techniques Used. The aim of this study is to reveal the economic, social, investment instrument characteristics and analysis techniques that are useful in the process of evaluating the savings of individual investors in financial investment instruments. The purpose of this study is to provide a new perspective by evaluating the relationships between the criteria affecting investment decision with the Fuzzy DEMATEL method. In addition to the support from the literature, my financial work experience contributed to my study in the process of determining the criteria included in the study. In this study, the Fuzzy DEMATEL method was used and the opinions of 10 experts responsible for financial decisions were taken. As a result of the findings obtained from the opinions of the experts based on the criteria, the most important criterion among the criteria was revealed to be Technical analysis. Investors pay attention to past price movements of investment instruments in decision-making. The second criterion that was given importance among the criteria was Global markets. After the financial globalization, all the information related to the economic and political situation of countries affect the values of the investment instruments in the market.

Belirsizlik Şartlarında Yatırım Karar Analizine Etki Eden Faktörlerin Bulanık DEMATEL Yaklaşımıyla Değerlendirilmesi

Mustafa

Fatma

Öğretim Görevlisi

As a result of the convergence hypothesis that the growth rates of developing and underdeveloped countries will be higher than those of developed countries, underdeveloped and developing countries will catch up with developed countries. In other words, the real gross domestic product of all countries will be equalized after a certain period of time. This idea is basically based on the law of decreasing yields. As a result of the capital increase of developed countries, which have reached the saturation point in terms of capital, the output increase rate is below the output increase rate as a result of the capital increase of underdeveloped and developing countries, which are insufficient in terms of capital. The basis of the convergence hypothesis is based on Solow (1956). Until Solow’s work, an acceptable theoretical explanation could not be given to this phenomenon, which was voiced by many theorists prior to Solow. The basis of the convergence hypothesis is based on Solow (1956). Moreover, most of the growth models are directly or indirectly based on the Solow model. There are multiple types of convergence tested in the literature. Earlier models did not distinguish between old and new technology, and looked at both old and new technology with one vision. The introduction of technological progress means that there is a difference in the efficiency of old and new technology. Thus, the model means that only physical capital accumulation cannot bring about growth per capita or increase the amount of production. In particular, given a microeconomic specification of technologies and preferences, the per capita output in an economy will approach the same level, regardless of initial capital (Timakova, 2011). When comparing different economies, it means that for economies with the same technologies and preferences, the difference in production per capita will be temporary.The Solow growth model is the first to present convergence. It has deeply influenced the way economists conceptualize long-term relationships between macroeconomics. According to this hypothesis within the neo-classical growth theory approaches, the income of the less developed countries will reach the level of developed countries after a while. That is, the exact definition of convergence is to achieve the same fixed income level. Convergence hypothesis studies generally use external theory (Rivas ve Villarroya, 2017). Because the concept of convergence emerged, if different countries have the same preferences and technology, it can be said that the poorer countries tend to grow faster than the rich countries, especially in the presence of accumulated factors, particularly the decrease in marginal returns in capital use. Each country will reach its own stable state, but the differences in the per capita income will be reduced. When the rich and poor countries reach the same fixed income level, another possible solution can be seen. The hypothesis of convergence of incomes of underdeveloped countries to incomes of developed countries is a hypothesis frequently tested in the literature. Different types of convergence hypothesis can be tested in terms of econometrics. In this study, the convergence of annual income series of the EU member countries, covering the period of 1960-2018, was examined and the stochastic convergence hypothesis, one of the convergence types, was tested with panel unit root tests based on SUR models. The ADF and KSS panel unit root tests based on SUR models. The ADF and KSS panel unit root tests are second generation panel unit root tests. The ADF and KSS panel unit root tests take into account the cross-sectional dependency and allow for an explanation of each unit separately. In this study, using SURADF and SURKSS unit root tests, the convergence status of the EU member countries to the group average of the EU was examined, and results were given about whether the convergence hypothesis is valid for each country separately.

AB Ülkelerinin Yakınsaması: Suradf ve Surkss Birim Kök Test

@JOURNAL_BOX_FEATURED

Kevser

Selay

This study evaluates the relations between economic performance, democracy index and economic freedoms, which are widely discussed in economic theory. The aim of this study is to investigate the direct and indirect effects of democracy index and economic freedoms on economic performance. The study was conducted with the data of 45 European countries for 2017. Data from countries with insufficient information was excluded from the analysis. Data on the economic freedom variable The Heritage Foundation, from the link: https://www.heritage.org/index/ explore?view=by-region-country year &amp; u = 636967067347971774), also contains data on the democracy index variable. The democracy index report published by the Economist Intelligence Unit (The EIU) can be found at the link: https://pages.eiu. com/rs/753-RIQ 438 / images / Democracy_Index_2017.pdf). Data for the economic performance variable were obtained from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (World Bank) database. The concept of freedom can encompass many different definitions of the idea of economic freedom. Some of these definitions are as follows: Economic freedom consists of a combination of property rights and the protection of individuals, the right to make individual choices and the freedom to compete (Gwartney ve Lawson, 2003, p.406). The concept of economic freedom therefore can be understood to mean that people voluntarily engage in consumption and investment activities at any time without the control and restrictions of the state, that their rights are under state protection and that they participate in the labor force (Şenalp, 2018, p.319). When democracy is defined as a political system, it is a regime in which all adults have the right to vote, where candidates in the election can freely compete, and through periodic elections, decision makers come to power with strong authority (Huntington, 1984, p.195). Democracy also provides freedom and the possibility of self-determination (Schwartz, 1993, p.552). A two-stage approach was used to determine the consistency of the data used in the study with the research hypotheses (Anderson and Gerbing, 1988). In the first step,&nbsp;the measurement model was tested to determine whether the observed variables in the model accurately measured the latent variables to which they belong. This stage of the analysis is considered as Confirmatory Factor Analysis. If the indicator variables that make latent variables measurable do not accurately measure the constructed structure, the next step, the structural model, will not need to be tested. For this reason, the measurement model must meet the requirements for compliance. The second stage includes the testing of the structural model (Huchting, Lac and Labrie, 2008, p.543). When the model was evaluated according to the obtained t-values, there was a direct relationship between economic freedom and democracy index, and between democracy index and economic performance, while no direct relationship was found between economic freedom and economic performance. This suggests that the index of democracy may be a mediating variable. In order to evaluate the mediation effect, a significant relationship was found between economic freedom and economic performance. When the index of democracy is included in the model, the value of the path coefficient between these two variables decreases and the path becomes meaningless. In this case, it can be said that the index of democracy fully mediates the relationship between economic freedom and economic performance. In other words, the relationship between economic freedom and economic performance is indirectly realized through the democracy index. The fact that there is a direct relationship between economic freedom and democracy index and democracy index and economic performance supports the mediating effect (Judd and Kenny, 1981, pp. 605-606; Baron and Kenny, 1986, p.1176-1177). This study shows that economic performance and economic freedom, which are the determinants of the institutional structure for European countries, can be increased with economic performance and economic freedoms in order to improve democracy. For sustainable economic performance, countries should strengthen and add importance to their institutional structures. Countries aiming to increase their economic performance should set policies to increase their democracies and economic freedoms. Since the findings obtained belong to a certain group of countries, they cannot be generalized for all countries of the world. In future studies, analyses can be made for different country groups and time periods. The results obtained by using different analysis programs and different estimation methods can then be compared. The sub-components of economic freedom affect the environment and functioning of the market and contribute to the development of democracy, with the effect it has on entrepreneurship. Furthermore, individual commercial activities positively affect economic performance.

Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli ile Özgürlüklerin Ekonomik Performansa Etkisi Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Mücahit

Purchasing power parity (PPP), which is one of the subjects of interest in international finance and economy, is defined as a rate of change that equalizes the purchasing power of different currencies by eliminating price level differences between countries (TURKSTAT, 2008). In other words, the theory of purchasing power parity states that the nominal exchange rate between the two currencies is determined by the purchasing power of each country’s currency. This means that the exchange rate between the two countries must be equal to a fixed level of goods and services basket price of the two currencies. While economists generally doubt the validity of PPP in the short term, they agree that it is necessary to investigate whether PPP is valid in the long term because price differences between countries are not sustainable in the long term (Acaravcı and Öztürk, 2010). Chortareas and Kapetanios (2009) evaluated the importance of purchasing power parity in terms of both traditional and new approaches to open economy macroeconomics for policy purposes. According to the traditional approach, the validity of PPP is valuable information for policy-makers who want to evaluate the effects of devaluation since the effects of devaluation under PPP on competitiveness will be eliminated in the long term. In open economies with new approaches, PPP is a necessary condition for equalizing market integrity and marginal utility. Empirical studies use cointegration tests, variance ratio tests, and quantitative regressions for nominal exchange rates and prices, and unit root tests for real exchange rates, to assess the validity of PPP. (Chortareas and Kapetanios, 2009; 391). The estimation of PPP exchange rates is very important for practical purposes. These objectives are; (i) determining the degree of deviation from the nominal exchange rate, ie determining whether the exchange rate is low or not. (ii) making appropriate policy decisions; (iii) adjusting currency parities; (iv) an international comparison of national income levels; and (v) a comparison between domestic price and foreign price (Sarno and Taylor, 2002). Whether PPP is valid or not should be examined. Where PPP is not valid, PPP cannot be used as a criterion for international income level comparison and estimation of real exchange rates, and where applicable, it can be used as a criterion for the level of development comparisons and the reliability of all economic decisions (Güriş et al. 2016). . In this study, the validity of purchasing power parity was examined using Fourier unit root tests for Turkey for the period 1992:01-2018:12. In order to make a comparison, two different recently developed unit root tests were used in the study. The study is expected to contribute to the current literature in terms of the method used. The studies for Turkey is as follows; Gurbuz and Hasgur (1997), Telatar and Kazdagli (1998), Erlat (2003), Yazgan (2003), Alba and Park (2005), Aslan and Kanbur (2007), Ozdemir (2008), Kalyoncu (2009), Lightning and Lightning (2012), Sener et al. (2015), Güriş et al. (2016), Rock and Steel (2018). In cases where series do not have a linear structure, nonlinear unit root tests give more powerful results than linear unit root tests. In the literature, there are unit root tests examining stationarity structures of nonlinear series. In this study, Güris (2018) and Ranjbar et al. (2018) non-linear Fourier unit root tests were used. Firstly, the linearity of the calculated real exchange rate series was examined and it was found that it does not have a linear structure. In the second part of the empirical analysis, the stationarity of the series was examined with the help of Fourier unit root tests. The obtained results indicate that Turkey has a stationary structure in the real exchange rate series. Accordingly, it is seen that the PPP hypothesis is valid for Turkey. In other words, the analyzed period, the real exchange rate being stationary and Turkey coming to the real exchange rate shocks are temporary. The validity of PPP means that the prices of goods expressed in the same currency are the same anywhere in the world. Therefore, PPP is expected to play an active role in the monetary policy decision for Turkey.

Satın Alma Gücü Paritesi Hipotezi Geçerliliğinin Fourier Birim Kök Testleri ile İncelenmesi: Türkiye Örneği

@JOURNAL_BOX_MOSTREAD

EKOIST Journal of Econometrics and Statistics yılda iki kez olmak üzere, her 6 ayda bir yayınlanmaktadır.

Dergimiz ölçme, tahmin, test, tahmin ve politika analizi konularını kapsayan, ekonomi ve ilgili konularda olmak üzere yeni ekonometrik tekniklerin uygulanması ile ilgili yüksek kaliteli makaleler yayınlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Ekonometrik tekniklerin dikkatli ve titiz bir şekilde uygulanması ile elde edilen sonuçların uygun yorumlanması üzerinde durulmaktadır. Makalelerde ekonomik içerik üzerinde vurgu yapılmalıdır. EKOIST Journal of Econometrics and Statistics başta Ekonometri, istatistik ve Yöneylem Araştırması olmak üzere yüksek kaliteli araştırmalar yayınlamaktadır. Uzmanlık alanlarına deyinen, ulaşılabilir teknikleri içeren ve diğer araştırmacılar tarafından kolayca tekrarlanabilen, ekonomide yenilikçi, niceliksel araştırmalar için bir çıkış sağlamaktır. Tüm gönderimler farklı hakemler tarafından inceleme sürecine tabidir.

RePEc IDEAS

ProQuest

RePEc EconPapers

ERIH PLUS

DOAJ

TR Dizin

Cabells Journalytics

SOBIAD

@METRIC_VOLUMES

@METRIC_ISSUES

@METRIC_ARTICLES

@METRIC_OPENACCESS

EKOIST Journal of Econometrics and Statistics

@INFO_TAB_ABOUT

Editor in Chief

Co Editor in Chief

Editorial Relations Manager

Editorial Assistant

Technical Specialist

Language Editor

Editorial Board Member

Advisory Board Member

@INFO_TAB_BOARDS

EKOIST Journal of Econometrics and Statistics yılda iki kez olmak üzere, her 6 ayda bir yayınlanmaktadır.Dergimiz ölçme, tahmin, test, tahmin ve politika analizi konularını kapsayan, ekonomi ve ilgili konularda olmak üzere yeni ekonometrik tekniklerin uygulanması ile ilgili yüksek kaliteli makaleler yayınlamayı amaçlamaktadır.Ekonometrik tekniklerin dikkatli ve titiz bir şekilde uygulanması ile elde edilen sonuçların uygun yorumlanması üzerinde durulmaktadır.Makalelerde ekonomik içerik üzerinde vurgu yapılmalıdır.EKOIST Journal of Econometrics and Statistics başta Ekonometri, istatistik ve Yöneylem Araştırması olmak üzere yüksek kaliteli araştırmalar yayınlamaktadır.Uzmanlık alanlarına deyinen, ulaşılabilir teknikleri içeren ve diğer araştırmacılar tarafından kolayca tekrarlanabilen, ekonomide yenilikçi, niceliksel araştırmalar için bir çıkış sağlamaktır.Tüm gönderimler farklı hakemler tarafından inceleme sürecine tabidir.EKOIST Journal of Econometrics and Statistics 2005'ten bu yana altı ayda bir &#34;hakemli dergi&#34; olarak yayınlanmaktadır.Derginin dili İngilizce ve Türkçedir.Çeşitli ekonomik sorunlara uygulanabilir istatistiksel yöntemleri tanıtan katkılar amaçlanır.

Amaç ve Kapsam

TÜBİTAK-ULAKBİM TR DizinProQuest CentralDOAJERIH PLUS <a href="https://ideas.repec.org/s/ist/ekoist.html" target="_blank" style="font-size: 10pt;">RePEc IDEAS</a> <a href="https://econpapers.repec.org/article/istekoist/" target="_blank">RePEc EconPapers </a><a href="http://atif.sobiad.com/index.jsp?modul=dergi-sayfasi&amp;ID=0&amp;magazinename=Ekoist:%20Journal%20of%20Econometrics%20and%20Statistics" target="_blank">SOBIAD</a>Cabells Journalytics

Dizinler

Dergi yayın etiğinde en yüksek standartlara bağlıdır ve <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a> ve <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> tarafından yayınlanan etik yayıncılık ilkelerini benimser; Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing başlığı altında ifade edilen ilkeler için: <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a> Gönderilen makaleler derginin amaç ve kapsamına uygun olmalıdır. Orijinal, yayınlanmamış ve başka bir dergide değerlendirme sürecinde olmayan, her bir yazar tarafından içeriği ve gönderimi onaylanmış yazılar değerlendirmeye kabul edilir. Makale yayınlanmak üzere Dergiye gönderildikten sonra yazarlardan hiçbirinin ismi, tüm yazarların yazılı izni olmadan yazar listesinden silinemez ve yeni bir isim yazar olarak eklenemez ve yazar sırası değiştirilemez.İntihal, duplikasyon, sahte yazarlık/inkar edilen yazarlık, araştrma/veri fabrikasyonu, makale dilimleme, dilimleyerek yayın, telif hakları ihlali ve çıkar çatışmasının gizlenmesi, etik dışı davranışlar olarak kabul edilir. Kabul edilen etik standartlara uygun olmayan tüm makaleler yayından çıkarılır. Buna yayından sonra tespit edilen olası kuraldışı, uygunsuzluklar içeren makaleler de dahildir.İntihal Ön kontrolden geçirilen makaleler, iThenticate yazılımı kullanılarak intihal için taranır. İntihal/kendi kendine intihal tespit edilirse yazarlar bilgilendirilir. Editörler, gerekli olması halinde makaleyi değerlendirme ya da üretim sürecinin çeşitli aşamalarında intihal kontrolüne tabi tutabilirler. Yüksek benzerlik oranları, bir makalenin kabul edilmeden önce ve hatta kabul edildikten sonra reddedilmesine neden olabilir. Makalenin türüne bağlı olarak, bunun oranın %15 veya %20'den az olması beklenir.Çift Kör Hakemlikİntihal kontrolünden sonra, uygun olan makaleler baş editör tarafından orijinallik, metodoloji, işlenen konunun önemi ve dergi kapsamı ile uyumluluğu açısından değerlendirilir. Editör, makalelerin adil bir şekilde çift taraflı kör hakemlikten geçmesini sağlar ve makale biçimsel esaslara uygun ise, gelen yazıyı yurtiçinden ve /veya yurtdışından en az iki hakemin değerlendirmesine sunar, hakemler gerek gördüğü takdirde yazıda istenen değişiklikler yazarlar tarafından yapıldıktan sonra yayınlanmasına onay verir.

Politikalar

Dergi açık erişimlidir ve derginin tüm içeriği okura ya da okurun dahil olduğu kuruma ücretsiz olarak sunulur. Okurlar, ticari amaç haricinde, yayıncı ya da yazardan izin almadan dergi makalelerinin tam metnini okuyabilir, indirebilir, kopyalayabilir, arayabilir ve link sağlayabilir. Bu <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/translations/turkish-translation" target="_blank">BOAI</a> açık erişim tanımıyla uyumludur. Derginin açık erişimli makaleleri Creative Commons Atıf-GayrıTicari 4.0 Uluslararası (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.tr" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) olarak lisanslıdır.

Derginin tüm giderleri İstanbul Üniversitesi tarafından karşılanmaktadır. Dergide makale yayını ve makale süreçlerinin yürütülmesi ücrete tabi değildir. Dergiye gönderilen ya da yayın için kabul edilen makaleler için işlemleme ücreti ya da gönderim ücreti alınmaz.

Yazarlar dergide yayınlanan çalışmalarının telif hakkına sahiptirler ve çalışmaları  Creative Commons Atıf-GayrıTicari 4.0 Uluslararası (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.tr" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) olarak lisanslıdır. CC BY-NC 4.0 lisansı, eserin ticari kullanım dışında her boyut ve formatta paylaşılmasına, kopyalanmasına, çoğaltılmasına ve orijinal esere uygun şekilde atıfta bulunmak kaydıyla yeniden düzenleme, dönüştürme ve eserin üzerine inşa etme dâhil adapte edilmesine izin verir.

Editörler, yayınlanan makalede, bulguları, yorumları ve sonuçları etkilemeyen küçük hatalar tespit edilirse düzeltme yayınlamayı düşünebilirler. Editörler, bulguları ve sonuçları geçersiz kılan büyük hatalar / ihlaller söz konusu olduğunda, makaleyi geri çekmeyi düşünmelidir. Yazarlar tarafından araştırma veya yayını kötüye kullanmaya yönelik olasılık söz konusu ise; bulguların güvenilir olmadığına ve yazarların kurumlarının olayı soruşturmadığına dair kanıtlar var veya olası soruşturma haksız veya sonuçsuz görünüyor ise, editörler endişe ifadesi yayınlamayı düşünmelidir. Düzeltme, geri çekme veya endişe ifadesi ile ilgili olarak <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> ve <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> yönergeleri dikkate alınır.

Dergide yayınlanan tüm yazıların korunmasını ve kalıcı olarak erişilebilir olmasını sağlamak için makaleler, ulusal bir arşiv sitesi olarak hizmet veren ve aynı zamanda LOCKSS'in içeriği toplamasına, korumasına ve sunmasına izin veren Dergipark'ta saklanmaktadır.Ek olarak, yazarların kendilerinin makalelerinin son PDF sürümünü Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>) standartlarına uygun açık elektronik arşivlerde arşivlemeleri önerilir. Yazarlar, yayınladıkları arşiv versiyonundan, İ.Ü. Yayınevinin dergi web sitesinin URL'sine bağlantı sağlamalıdır.

Ekoist: Journal of Econometrics and Statistics, yayın etiğinde en yüksek standartlara bağlıdır ve <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a> ve <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> tarafından yayınlanan etik yayıncılık ilkelerini benimser; Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing başlığı altında ifade edilen ilkeler için adres: <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>Gönderilen tüm makaleler orijinal, yayınlanmamış ve başka bir dergide değerlendirme sürecinde olmamalıdır. Her bir makale editörlerden biri ve en az iki hakem tarafından çift kör değerlendirmeden geçirilir. İntihal, duplikasyon, sahte yazarlık/inkar edilen yazarlık, araştrma/veri fabrikasyonu, makale dilimleme, dilimleyerek yayın, telif hakları ihlali ve çıkar çatışmasının gizlenmesi, etik dışı davranışlar olarak kabul edilir.Kabul edilen etik standartlara uygun olmayan tüm makaleler yayından çıkarılır. Buna yayından sonra tespit edilen olası kuraldışı, uygunsuzluklar içeren makaleler de dahildir.

Etik

Dergi araştırma etiğinde en yüksek standartları gözetir ve aşağıda tanımlanan uluslararası araştırma etiği ilkelerini benimser. Makalelerin etik kurallara uygunluğu yazarların sorumluluğundadır.-    Araştırmanın tasarlanması, tasarımın gözden geçirilmesi ve araştırmanın yürütülmesinde, bütünlük, kalite ve şeffaflık ilkeleri sağlanmalıdır.-    Araştırma ekibi ve katılımcılar, araştırmanın amacı, yöntemleri ve öngörülen olası kullanımları; araştırmaya katılımın gerektirdikleri ve varsa riskleri hakkında tam olarak bilgilendirilmelidir.-    Araştırma katılımcılarının sağladığı bilgilerin gizliliği ve yanıt verenlerin gizliliği sağlanmalıdır. Araştırma katılımcıların özerkliğini ve saygınlığını koruyacak şekilde tasarlanmalıdır.-    Araştırma katılımcıları gönüllü olarak araştırmada yer almalı, herhangi bir zorlama altında olmamalıdırlar.-    Katılımcıların zarar görmesinden kaçınılmalıdır. Araştırma, katılımcıları riske sokmayacak şekilde planlanmalıdır.-    Araştırma bağımsızlığıyla ilgili açık ve net olunmalı; çıkar çatışması varsa belirtilmelidir.-    Deneysel çalışmalarda, araştırmaya katılmaya karar veren katılımcıların yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onayı alınmalıdır. Çocukların ve vesayet altındakilerin veya tasdiklenmiş akıl hastalığı bulunanların yasal vasisinin onayı alınmalıdır.-    Çalışma herhangi bir kurum ya da kuruluşta gerçekleştirilecekse bu kurum ya da kuruluştan çalışma yapılacağına dair onay alınmalıdır.-    İnsan öğesi bulunan çalışmalarda, “yöntem” bölümünde katılımcılardan “bilgilendirilmiş onam” alındığının ve çalışmanın yapıldığı kurumdan etik kurul onayı alındığı belirtilmesi gerekir.

Makalelerin bilimsel ve etik kurallara uygunluğu yazarların sorumluluğundadır. Yazar makalenin orijinal olduğu, daha önce başka bir yerde yayınlanmadığı ve başka bir yerde, başka bir dilde yayınlanmak üzere değerlendirmede olmadığı konusunda teminat sağlamalıdır. Uygulamadaki telif kanunları ve anlaşmaları gözetilmelidir. Telife bağlı materyaller (örneğin tablolar, şekiller veya büyük alıntılar) gerekli izin ve teşekkürle kullanılmalıdır. Başka yazarların, katkıda bulunanların çalışmaları ya da yararlanılan kaynaklar uygun biçimde kullanılmalı ve referanslarda belirtilmelidir.Gönderilen makalede tüm yazarların akademik ve bilimsel olarak doğrudan katkısı olmalıdır, bu bağlamda “yazar” yayınlanan bir araştırmanın kavramsallaştırılmasına ve dizaynına, verilerin elde edilmesine, analizine ya da yorumlanmasına belirgin katkı yapan, yazının yazılması ya da bunun içerik açısından eleştirel biçimde gözden geçirilmesinde görev yapan birisi olarak görülür. Yazar olabilmenin diğer koşulları ise, makaledeki çalışmayı planlamak veya icra etmek ve / veya revize etmektir. Fon sağlanması, veri toplanması ya da araştırma grubunun genel süpervizyonu tek başına yazarlık hakkı kazandırmaz. Yazar olarak gösterilen tüm bireyler sayılan tüm ölçütleri karşılamalıdır ve yukarıdaki ölçütleri karşılayan her birey yazar olarak gösterilebilir. Yazarların isim sıralaması ortak verilen bir karar olmalıdır. Tüm yazarlar yazar sıralamasını <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/6457DE12A1C843DD826BC8AAF9767B86" target="_blank">Telif Hakkı Anlaşması Formu'nda</a> imzalı olarak belirtmek zorundadırlar.Yazarlık için yeterli ölçütleri karşılamayan ancak çalışmaya katkısı olan tüm bireyler “teşekkür / bilgiler” kısmında sıralanmalıdır. Bunlara örnek olarak ise sadece teknik destek sağlayan, yazıma yardımcı olan ya da sadece genel bir destek sağlayan, finansal ve materyal desteği sunan kişiler verilebilir.Bütün yazarlar, araştırmanın sonuçlarını ya da bilimsel değerlendirmeyi etkileyebilme potansiyeli olan finansal ilişkiler, çıkar çatışması ve çıkar rekabetini beyan etmelidirler. Bir yazar kendi yayınlanmış yazısında belirgin bir hata ya da yanlışlık tespit ederse, bu yanlışlıklara ilişkin düzeltme ya da geri çekme için editör ile hemen temasa geçme ve işbirliği yapma sorumluluğunu taşır.

Baş editör, makaleleri, yazarların etnik kökeninden, cinsiyetinden, cinsel yöneliminden, uyruğundan, dini inancından ve siyasi felsefesinden bağımsız olarak değerlendirir. Yayına gönderilen makalelerin adil bir şekilde çift taraflı kör hakem değerlendirmesinden geçmelerini sağlar. Gönderilen makalelere ilişkin tüm bilginin, makale yayınlanana kadar gizli kalacağını garanti eder. Baş editör içerik ve yayının toplam kalitesinden sorumludur. Gereğinde hata sayfası yayınlamalı ya da düzeltme yapmalıdır.Baş editör; yazarlar, editörler ve hakemler arasında çıkar çatışmasına izin vermez. Hakem atama konusunda tam yetkiye sahiptir ve Dergide yayınlanacak makalelerle ilgili nihai kararı vermekle yükümlüdür.Hakemlerin araştırmayla ilgili, yazarlarla ve/veya araştırmanın finansal destekçileriyle çıkar çatışmaları olmamalıdır. Değerlendirmelerinin sonucunda tarafsız bir yargıya varmalıdırlar. Gönderilmiş yazılara ilişkin tüm bilginin gizli tutulmasını sağlamalı ve yazar tarafında herhangi bir telif hakkı ihlali ve intihal fark ederlerse editöre raporlamalıdırlar. Hakem, makale konusu hakkında kendini vasıflı hissetmiyor ya da zamanında geri dönüş sağlaması mümkün görünmüyorsa, editöre bu durumu bildirmeli ve hakem sürecine kendisini dahil etmemesini istemelidir.Değerlendirme sürecinde editör hakemlere gözden geçirme için gönderilen makalelerin, yazarların özel mülkü olduğunu ve bunun imtiyazlı bir iletişim olduğunu açıkça belirtir. Hakemler ve yayın kurulu üyeleri başka kişilerle makaleleri tartışamazlar. Hakemlerin kimliğinin gizli kalmasına özen gösterilmelidir. Bazı durumlarda editörün kararıyla, ilgili hakemlerin makaleye ait yorumları aynı makaleyi yorumlayan diğer hakemlere gönderilerek hakemlerin bu süreçte aydınlatılması sağlanabilir.

Daha önce yayınlanmamış ya da yayınlanmak üzere başka bir dergide halen değerlendirmede olmayan ve her bir yazar tarafından onaylanan makaleler değerlendirilmek üzere kabul edilir. Gönderilen ve ön kontrolü geçen makaleler iThenticate yazılımı kullanılarak intihal için taranır. İntihal kontrolünden sonra, uygun olan makaleler baş editör tarafından orijinallik, metodoloji, işlenen konunun önemi ve dergi kapsamı ile uyumluluğu açısından değerlendirilir.Seçilen makaleler en az iki ulusal/uluslararası hakeme çift taraflı kör hakemlik ile değerlendirmeye gönderilir; yayın kararı, hakemlerin talepleri doğrultusunda yazarların gerçekleştirdiği düzenlemelerin ve hakem sürecinin sonrasında baş editör tarafından verilir.

Hakemlik Hakkında

Baş editör, makaleleri, yazarların etnik kökeninden, cinsiyetinden, uyruğundan, dini inancından ve siyasi felsefesinden bağımsız olarak değerlendirirler. Yayına gönderilen makalelerin adil bir şekilde çift taraflı kör hakem değerlendirmesinden geçmelerini sağlar. Gönderilen makalelere ilişkin tüm bilginin, makale yayınlanana kadar gizli kalacağını garanti eder. Baş editör içerik ve yayının toplam kalitesinden sorumludur. Gereğinde hata sayfası yayınlamalı ya da düzeltme yapmalıdır. Baş editör; yazarlar, editörler ve hakemler arasında çıkar çatışmasına izin vermez. Hakem atama konusunda tam yetkiye sahiptir ve dergide yayınlanacak makalelerle ilgili nihai kararı vermekle yükümlüdür.Hakemler, araştırma, yazarlar ve/veya araştırmaya fon sağlayanlarla çıkar çatışması içinde olmamalıdır. Hakemler değerlendirmelerinin sonucunda tarafsız bir yargıya varmalıdırlar. Gönderilmiş yazılara ilişkin tüm bilginin gizli tutulmasını sağlamalı ve yazar tarafında herhangi bir telif hakkı ihlali ve intihal fark ederlerse editöre raporlamalıdırlar. Hakem, makale konusu hakkında kendini vasıflı hissetmiyor ya da zamanında geri dönüş sağlaması mümkün görünmüyorsa, editöre bu durumu bildirmeli ve hakem sürecine kendisini dahil etmemesini istemelidir.Değerlendirme sürecinde editör hakemlere gözden geçirme için gönderilen makalelerin, yazarların özel mülkü olduğunu ve bunun imtiyazlı bir iletişim olduğunu açıkça belirtir. Hakemler ve yayın kurulu üyeleri başka kişilerle makaleleri tartışamazlar. Hakemlerin kimliğinin gizli kalmasına özen gösterilmelidir. Bazı durumlarda editörün kararıyla, ilgili hakemlerin makaleye ait yorumları aynı makaleyi yorumlayan diğer hakemlere gönderilerek hakemlerin bu süreçte aydınlatılması sağlanabilir.

Daha önce yayınlanmamış ya da yayınlanmak üzere başka bir dergide halen değerlendirmede olmayan ve her bir yazar tarafından onaylanan makaleler değerlendirilmek üzere kabul edilir. Gönderilen ve ön kontrolü geçen makaleler iThenticate yazılımı kullanılarak intihal için taranır. İntihal kontrolünden sonra, uygun olan makaleler baş editör tarafından orijinallik, metodoloji, işlenen konunun önemi ve dergi kapsamı ile uyumluluğu açısından değerlendirilir.Baş Editör, makaleleri, yazarların etnik kökeninden, cinsiyetinden, uyruğundan, dini inancından ve siyasi felsefesinden bağımsız olarak değerlendirir. Yayına gönderilen makalelerin adil bir şekilde çift taraflı kör hakem değerlendirmesinden geçmelerini sağlar.Seçilen makaleler en az iki ulusal/uluslararası hakeme değerlendirmeye gönderilir; yayın kararı, hakemlerin talepleri doğrultusunda yazarların gerçekleştirdiği düzenlemelerin ve hakem sürecinin sonrasında baş editör tarafından verilir.Baş editör; yazarlar, editörler ve hakemler arasında çıkar çatışmasına izin vermez. Hakem atama konusunda tam yetkiye sahiptir ve dergide yayınlanacak makalelerle ilgili nihai kararı vermekle yükümlüdür.Hakemlerin değerlendirmeleri objektif olmalıdır. Hakem süreci sırasında hakemlerin aşağıdaki hususları dikkate alarak değerlendirmelerini yapmaları beklenir.-Makale yeni ve önemli bir bilgi içeriyor mu?-Öz, makalenin içeriğini net ve düzgün bir şekilde tanımlıyor mu?-Yöntem bütünlüklü ve anlaşılır şekilde tanımlanmış mı?-Yapılan yorum ve varılan sonuçlar bulgularla kanıtlanıyor mu?-Alandaki diğer çalışmalara yeterli referans verilmiş mi?-Dil kalitesi yeterli mi?Hakemler, gönderilen makalelere ilişkin tüm bilginin, makale yayınlanana kadar gizli kalmasını sağlamalı ve yazar tarafında herhangi bir telif hakkı ihlali ve intihal fark ederlerse editöre raporlamalıdırlar. Hakem, makale konusu hakkında kendini vasıflı hissetmiyor ya da zamanında geri dönüş sağlaması mümkün görünmüyorsa, editöre bu durumu bildirmeli ve hakem sürecine kendisini dahil etmemesini istemelidir.Değerlendirme sürecinde editör hakemlere gözden geçirme için gönderilen makalelerin, yazarların özel mülkü olduğunu ve bunun imtiyazlı bir iletişim olduğunu açıkça belirtir. Hakemler ve yayın kurulu üyeleri başka kişilerle makaleleri tartışamazlar. Hakemlerin kimliğinin gizli kalmasına özen gösterilmelidir.

DilDerginin yayın dili Türkçe ve İngilizce’dir.Yazıların Hazırlanması ve GönderimiAksi belirtilmedikçe gönderilen yazılarla ilgili tüm yazışmalar ilk yazarla yapılacaktır. Makale gönderimi online olarak ve <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ekoist" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ekoist</a> üzerinden yapılmalıdır. Gönderilen yazılar, yazının yayınlanmak üzere gönderildiğini ifade eden, makale türünü belirten ve makaleyle ilgili bilgileri içeren (bkz: Son Kontrol Listesi) bir mektup; yazının elektronik formunu içeren Microsoft Word 2003 ve üzerindeki versiyonları ile yazılmış elektronik dosya ve tüm yazarların imzaladığı <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/6457DE12A1C843DD826BC8AAF9767B86" target="_blank">Telif Hakkı Anlaşması Formu</a> eklenerek gönderilmelidir.  <ol><li style="text-align: left;">Çalışmalar, A4 boyutundaki kağıdın bir yüzüne, üst, alt, sağ ve sol taraftan 2,5 cm. boşluk bırakılarak, 12 punto Times New Roman harf karakterleriyle ve 1,5 satır aralık ölçüsü ile hazılarlanmalıdır.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Çalışmalar 4500 - 8500 sözcük arasında olmalı ve sayfa numaraları sayfanın altında ve ortada yer almalıdır.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Yazar/yazarların adları çalışmanın başlığının hemen altında sağa bitişik şekilde verilmelidir. Ayrıca yıldız dipnot şeklinde (*) yazarın unvanı, kurumu ve e-posta adresi ve telefonu sayfanın en altında dipnotta belirtilmelidir.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Dergimize gönderilen Türkçe makalelerde Giriş bölümünden önce 200-250 sözcük arasında çalışmanın kapsamını, amacını, ulaşılan sonuçları ve kullanılan yöntemi kaydeden Türkçe ve İngilizce öz (abstract) ile Türkçe makalelerde 600-800 kelime içeren İngilizce genişletilmiş özet yer almalıdır. İngilizce makalelerde ise, yalnızca İngilizce öz (abstract) yer almalıdır. İngilizce ve Türkçe özlerin altında çalışmanın içeriğini temsil eden 3-5 İngilizce, 3-5 Türkçe anahtar kelime yer almalıdır.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Çalışmaların başlıca şu unsurları içermesi gerekmektedir: Başlık, Türkçe öz ve anahtar kelimeler; İngilizce başlık, İngilizce öz ve anahtar kelimeler; İngilizce genişletilmiş özet, ana metin bölümleri, son notlar ve kaynaklar.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Metin içi alıntılama ve kaynak gösterme için APA (American Psychological Association) kaynak sitilinin 6. versiyonu kullanılmalıdır. APA 6 stili hakkında bilgi için; http://ekoist.istanbul.edu.tr/tr/content/yazarlara-bilgi/kaynaklar sayfasını ziyaret edebilir veya Yazarlara Bilgi’nin Kaynaklar başlığı altında ilgili açıklama ve örnekleri inceleyebilirsiniz.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Çalışmalarda tablo, grafik ve şekil gibi göstergeler ancak çalışmanın takip edilebilmesi açısından gereklilik arz ettiği durumlarda, numaralandırılarak, tanımlayıcı bir başlık ile birlikte verilmelidir. Tablolara ait başlık üstte, Şekiller’e ait başlık altta yer almalıdır. Demografik özellikler gibi metin içinde verilebilecek veriler, ayrıca tablolar ile ifade edilmemelidir.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Yayınlanmak üzere gönderilen makale ile birlikte yazar bilgilerini içeren kapak sayfası gönderilmelidir. Kapak sayfasında, makalenin başlığı, yazar veya yazarların bağlı bulundukları kurum ve unvanları, kendilerine ulaşılabilecek adresler, cep, iş ve faks numaraları ve e-posta adresleri yer almalıdır (bkz. Son Kontrol Listesi).</li><li style="text-align: left;">Kurallar dâhilinde dergimize yayınlanmak üzere gönderilen çalışmaların her türlü sorumluluğu yazar/yazarlarına aittir.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Dergi Yazı Kurulu ve hakem raporları doğrultusunda yazarlardan, metin üzerinde bazı düzeltmeler yapmaları istenebilir.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Yayınlanmasına karar verilen çalışmaların, yazar/yazarlarının her birine dergi gönderilir.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Dergiye gönderilen çalışmalar yayınlansın veya yayınlanmasın geri gönderilmez.</li></ol>

Yazım Kuralları

Makaleyi göndermeden önce lütfen Yazım Kuralları’nı okuyun ve aşağıdakilerin eksik olmadığından emin olun:Editöre mektup<ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li>Makalenin türü</li> <li>Başka bir dergiye gönderilmemiş olduğu bilgisi</li> <li>Sponsor veya ticari bir firma ile ilişkisi (varsa belirtiniz)</li> <li>Kaynakların APA6’ya göre belirtildiği</li> <li>İngilizce yönünden kontrolünün yapıldığı</li> <li>Yazarlara Bilgide detaylı olarak anlatılan dergi politikalarının gözden geçirildiği</li> </ul> </ul><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/6457DE12A1C843DD826BC8AAF9767B86" target="_blank">Telif Hakkı Anlaşması Formu</a>Daha önce basılmış material (yazı-resim-tablo) kullanılmış ise izin belgesi<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/D6F99DA5E4E1495899D8CAEC33175E6B" target="_blank">Makale kapak sayfası</a><ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li>Makalenin kategorisi</li> <li>Makale dilinde ve İngilizce başlık</li> <li>Yazarların ismi soyadı, unvanları ve bağlı oldukları kurumlar (üniversite ve fakülte bilgisinden sonar şehir ve ülke bilgisi de yer almalıdır), e-posta adresleri</li> <li>Sorumlu yazarın e-posta adresi, açık yazışma adresi, iş telefonu, GSM, faks nosu</li> <li>Tüm yazarların ORCID’leri</li> </ul> </ul>Makalenin ana metni<ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li>Makale dilinde ve İngilizce başlık</li> <li>Özetler 200-250 kelime makale dilinde ve 200-250 kelime İngilizce</li> <li>Anahtar Kelimeler: 5 adet makale dilinde ve 5 adet İngilizce</li> <li>İngilizce olmayan makaleler için (Örn, Almanca, Fransızca vd dillerdeki makaleler) İngilizce genişletilmiş özet (Extended Abstract) 600-800 kelime</li> <li>Makale ana metin bölümleri</li> <li>Teşekkür (varsa belirtiniz)</li> <li>Kaynaklar</li> <li>Tablolar-Resimler, Şekiller (başlık, tanım ve alt yazılarıyla)</li> </ul> </ul>Makale Gönderme<ul type="disc"> <li>Makalenin gönderileceği Dergipark sayfası adresi:  <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ekoist" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ekoist</a>  </li> <li>Makale ana metninin dosyasını (Main Document)  yüklerken, çift taraflı kör hakem süreci gereği, bu dosyanın yazar kimliğini deşifre eden hiçbir unsur barındırmadığından emin olun. Makale ana metni dosyası (Main Document) başlık sayfasını (Title Page) içermemeli; yazar adı geçen ya da yazar adlarını ifşa edebilecek bölümler içermemeli (Örneğin: Teşekkür, her sayfada tekrar eden ve yazar adlarını içerebilen başlık).</li> <li>Ayrıca, ek olarak yüklediğiniz Supplemental File for Review türü dosyalarda da yazar kimliğinin ifşa edilmediğinden emin olun. ​</li> </ul><ul type="disc"> </ul>Ayrı Ayrı Yüklemeniz gereken dosyalar<ul type="disc"> <li>Telif Hakkı Anlaşması Formu</li> <li>Resim, Tablo vb başka kaynaktan alındıysa izin belgesi</li> <li>Makale Kapak Sayfası</li> <li>Makale Ana Metni Dosyası  (Bu dosya aşağıdaki unsurları içermelidir)</li> </ul><ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li>Makale dilinde ve İngilizce başlık</li> <li>Özetler 200-250 kelime makale dilinde ve 200-250 kelime İngilizce</li> <li>Anahtar Kelimeler: 5 adet makale dilinde ve 5 adet İngilizce</li> <li>İngilizce olmayan makaleler için (Örn, Almanca, Fransızca, Türkçe vd dillerdeki makaleler ) İngilizce genişletilmiş Özet (Extended Abstract)  600-800 kelime</li> <li>Makale ana metin bölümleri</li> <li>Teşekkür (varsa belirtiniz)</li> <li>Kaynaklar</li> <li>Tablolar-Resimler, Şekiller (başlık, tanım ve alt yazılarıyla)</li></ul></ul><ul type="disc"> </ul>

Derleme yazıları okuyucular için bir konudaki kaynaklara ulaşmayı kolaylaştıran bir araç olsa da, her zaman orijinal çalışmayı doğru olarak yansıtmaz. Bu yüzden mümkün olduğunca yazarlar orijinal çalışmaları kaynak göstermelidir. Öte yandan, bir konuda çok fazla sayıda orijinal çalışmanın kaynak gösterilmesi yer israfına neden olabilir. Birkaç anahtar orijinal çalışmanın kaynak gösterilmesi genelde uzun listelerle aynı işi görür. Ayrıca günümüzde kaynaklar elektronik versiyonlara eklenebilmekte ve okuyucular elektronik literatür taramalarıyla yayınlara kolaylıkla ulaşabilmektedir.Kabul edilmiş ancak henüz sayıya dahil edilmemiş makaleler Early View olarak yayınlanır ve bu makalelere atıflar “advance online publication” şeklinde verilmelidir. Genel bir kaynaktan elde edilemeyecek temel bir konu olmadıkça “kişisel iletişimlere” atıfta bulunulmamalıdır. Eğer atıfta bulunulursa parantez içinde iletişim kurulan kişinin adı ve iletişimin tarihi belirtilmelidir. Bilimsel makaleler için yazarlar bu kaynaktan yazılı izin ve iletişimin doğruluğunu gösterir belge almalıdır. Kaynakların doğruluğundan yazar(lar) sorumludur. Tüm kaynaklar metinde belirtilmelidir. Kaynaklar alfabetik olarak sıralanmalıdır.Referans Stili ve FormatıEKOİST Ekonometri ve İstatistik Dergisi, metin içi alıntılama ve kaynak gösterme için APA (American Psychological Association) kaynak sitilinin 6. edisyonunu benimser. APA 6. Edisyonu hakkında bilgi için:-    American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: APA.-    <a href="http://www.apastyle.org/" target="_blank">http://www.apastyle.org/</a>Metin İçinde Kaynak GöstermeKaynaklar metinde parantez içinde yazarların soyadı ve yayın tarihi yazılarak belirtilmelidir. Birden fazla kaynak gösterilecekse kaynaklar arasında (;) işareti kullanılmalıdır. Kaynaklar alfabetik olarak sıralanmalıdır.Örnekler:Birden fazla kaynak;(Esin ve ark., 2002; Karasar 1995)Tek yazarlı kaynak;(Akyolcu, 2007)İki yazarlı kaynak;(Sayıner ve Demirci, 2007, s. 72)Üç, dört ve beş yazarlı kaynak;Metin içinde ilk kullanımda: (Ailen, Ciambrune ve Welch, 2000, s. 12–13) Metin içinde tekrarlayan kullanımlarda: (Ailen ve ark., 2000)Altı ve daha çok yazarlı kaynak;(Çavdar ve ark., 2003)Kaynaklar Bölümünde Kaynak GöstermeKullanılan tüm kaynaklar metnin sonunda ayrı bir bölüm halinde yazar soyadlarına göre alfabetik olarak numaralandırılmadan verilmelidir.Kaynak yazımı ile ilgili örnekler aşağıda verilmiştir.Kitapa) Türkçe KitapKarasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (8.bs). Ankara: 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.b) Türkçeye Çevrilmiş KitapMucchielli, A. (1991). Zihniyetler (A. Kotil, Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.c) Editörlü KitapÖren, T., Üney, T. ve Çölkesen, R. (Ed.). (2006). Türkiye bilişim ansiklopedisi. İstanbul: Papatya Yayıncılık.d) Çok Yazarlı Türkçe KitapTonta, Y., Bitirim, Y. ve Sever, H. (2002). Türkçe arama motorlarında performans değerlendirme. Ankara: Total Bilişim.e) İngilizce KitapKamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.f) İngilizce Kitap İçerisinde BölümBassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. In G. Hall &amp; C. Birchall (Eds.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 220–237). Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.g) Türkçe Kitap İçerisinde BölümErkmen, T. (2012). Örgüt kültürü: Fonksiyonları, öğeleri, işletme yönetimi ve liderlikteki önemi. M. Zencirkıran (Ed.), Örgüt sosyolojisi kitabı içinde (s. 233–263). Bursa: Dora Basım Yayın.h) Yayımcının ve Yazarın Kurum Olduğu YayınTürk Standartları Enstitüsü. (1974). Adlandırma ilkeleri. Ankara: Yazar.Makalea) Türkçe MakaleMutlu, B. ve Savaşer, S. (2007). Çocuğu ameliyat sonrası yoğun bakımda olan ebeveynlerde stres nedenleri ve azaltma girişimleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi, 15(60), 179–182.b) İngilizce Makalede Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., &amp; Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002c) Yediden Fazla Yazarlı MakaleLal, H., Cunningham, A. L., Godeaux, O., Chlibek, R., Diez-Domingo, J., Hwang, S.-J. ... Heineman, T. C. (2015). Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 2087–2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1501184d) DOI’si Olmayan Online Edinilmiş MakaleAl, U. ve Doğan, G. (2012). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi Bölümü tezlerinin atıf analizi. Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 26, 349–369. Erişim adresi: http://www.tk.org.tr/e) DOI’si Olan MakaleTurner, S. J. (2010). Website statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to measure library website effectiveness. Technical Services Quarterly, 27, 261–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910f) Advance Online Olarak Yayımlanmış MakaleSmith, J. A. (2010). Citing advance online publication: A review. Journal of Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a45d7867g) Popüler Dergi MakalesiSemercioğlu, C. (2015, Haziran). Sıradanlığın rayihası. Sabit Fikir, 52, 38–39.Tez, Sunum, Bildiria) Türkçe TezlerSarı, E. (2008). Kültür kimlik ve politika: Mardin’de kültürlerarasılık. (Doktora Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.b)Ticari Veritabanında Yer Alan Yüksek Lisans Ya da Doktora TeziVan Brunt, D. (1997). Networked consumer health information systems (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 9943436)c) Kurumsal Veritabanında Yer Alan İngilizce Yüksek Lisans/Doktora TeziYaylalı-Yıldız, B. (2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from: Retrieved from http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portalid) Web’de Yer Alan İngilizce Yüksek Lisans/Doktora TeziTonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley). Retrieved from http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar/phd/ickapak.htmle) Dissertations Abstracts International’da Yer Alan Yüksek Lisans/Doktora TeziAppelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture amplifica&#173;tion, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.f) Sempozyum KatkısıKrinsky-McHale, S. J., Zigman, W. B., &amp; Silverman, W. (2012, August). Are neuropsychiatric symptoms markers of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome? In W. B. Zigman (Chair), Predictors of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in adults with Down syndrome. Symposium conducted at American Psychological Association meeting, Orlando, FL.g) Online Olarak Erişilen Konferans Bildiri ÖzetiÇınar, M., Doğan, D. ve Seferoğlu, S. S. (2015, Şubat). Eğitimde dijital araçlar: Google sınıf uygulaması üzerine bir değerlendirme [Öz]. Akademik Bilişim Konferansında sunulan bildiri, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eskişehir. Erişim adresi: http://ab2015.anadolu.edu.tr /index.php?menu=5&amp;submenu=27h) Düzenli Olarak Online Yayımlanan BildirilerHerculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H., &amp; Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593–12598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105i) Kitap Şeklinde Yayımlanan BildirilerSchneider, R. (2013). Research data literacy. S. Kurbanoğlu ve ark. (Ed.), Communications in Computer and Information Science: Vol. 397. Worldwide Communalities and Challenges in Information Literacy Research and Practice içinde (s. 134–140). Cham, İsviçre: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03919-0j) Kongre BildirisiÇepni, S., Bacanak A. ve Özsevgeç T. (2001, Haziran). Fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının fen branşlarına karşı tutumları ile fen branşlarındaki başarılarının ilişkisi. X. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi’nde sunulan bildiri, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, BoluDiğer Kaynaklara) Gazete YazısıToker, Ç. (2015, 26 Haziran). ‘Unutma’ notları. Cumhuriyet, s. 13.b) Online Gazete YazısıTamer, M. (2015, 26 Haziran). E-ticaret hamle yapmak için tüketiciyi bekliyor. Milliyet. Erişim adresi: http://www.milliyetc) Web Page/Blog PostBordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/d) Online Ansiklopedi/SözlükBilgi mimarisi. (2014, 20 Aralık). Vikipedi içinde. Erişim adresi: http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgi_mimarisiMarcoux, A. (2008). Business ethics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/e) PodcastRadyo ODTÜ (Yapımcı). (2015, 13 Nisan). Modern sabahlar [Podcast]. Erişim adresi: http://www.radyoodtu.com.tr/f) Bir Televizyon Dizisinden Tek Bir BölümShore, D. (Senarist), Jackson, M. (Senarist) ve Bookstaver, S. (Yönetmen). (2012). Runaways [Televizyon dizisi bölümü]. D. Shore (Baş yapımcı), House M.D. içinde. New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.g) Müzik KaydıSay, F. (2009). Galata Kulesi. İstanbul senfonisi [CD] içinde. İstanbul: Ak Müzik.

Aşağıdaki listede eksik olmadığından emin olun:●    Editöre mektupü    Makalenin türüü    Başka bir dergiye gönderilmemiş olduğu bilgisiü    Sponsor veya ticari bir firma ile ilişkisi (varsa belirtiniz)ü    İstatistik kontrolünün yapıldığı (araştırma makaleleri için)ü    İngilizce yönünden kontrolünün yapıldığıü    Yazarlara Bilgide detaylı olarak anlatılan dergi politikalarının gözden geçirildiğiü    Kaynakların APA6’ya göre belirtildiği●    <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/6457DE12A1C843DD826BC8AAF9767B86" target="_blank">Telif Hakkı Anlaşması Formu</a>●    Daha önce basılmış ve telife bağlı materyal (yazı-resim-tablo) kullanılmış ise izin belgesi●    <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/1E033FB7101F402FAD661EB2D81D4A4E" target="_blank">Kapak sayfası</a>ü    Makalenin türüü    Makalenin Türkçe ve İngilizce başlığıü    Yazarların ismi soyadı, unvanları ve bağlı oldukları kurumlar (üniversite ve fakülte bilgisinden sonra şehir ve ülke bilgisi de yer almalıdır), e-posta adresleriü    Sorumlu yazarın e-posta adresi, açık yazışma adresi, iş telefonu, GSM, faks nosuü    Tüm yazarların ORCID’leri●    Makale ana metniü    Makalenin Türkçe ve İngilizce başlığıü    Özetler: 200-250 kelime Türkçe ve 200-250 kelime İngilizceü    Anahtar Kelimeler: 3-5 adet Türkçe ve 3-5 adet İngilizceü    Makale Türkçe ise, 600-800 kelime İngilizce genişletilmiş özet (Extended Summary)ü    Makale ana metin bölümleriü    Finansal destek (varsa belirtiniz)ü    Çıkar çatışması (varsa belirtiniz)ü    Teşekkür (varsa belirtiniz)ü    Kaynaklarü    Tablolar-Resimler, Şekiller (başlık, tanım ve alt yazılarıyla)

<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/4B4F9DC35E854DED9953C603868BF903" target="_blank">Telif Hakkı Anlaşması Formu</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/5BC458EAD3554E249EC7C7A89071D85A" target="_blank">Kapak Sayfası </a>

Sayı Türü	Regular
Editör(ler)	Burak Güriş

EKOIST Journal of Econometrics and Statistics

SAYI 38, 2023

METRİKLER